A recent study published by Wiley suggests that biological sex differences are the primary reason for higher cancer rates in men compared to women. The study analyzed data from 171,274 males and 122,826 females aged 50-71 years and found that incidence was lower in men only for thyroid and gallbladder cancers.
A new transparent protective coating material can self-heal in 30 minutes when exposed to sunlight, satisfying durability and color requirements. The developed material uses a dynamic chemical bond and photothermal dye to repeat the dissociation and recombination of polymer structures.
The book 'Power, for All: How It Really Works and Why It’s Everyone’s Business' has received the Academy of Management's George R. Terry Book Award for its timely and democratized vision of power. The authors offer an essential guide to understanding and navigating power in relationships, organizations, and society.
A new study published in the Journal of Human Resources found that teachers play a critical role in detecting and reporting child maltreatment. The study suggests that time spent in school leads to increases in reports of child maltreatment, highlighting the importance of educators in protecting children.
A Phase 2 study demonstrated the accuracy of lung cancer gene panel testing using cytological specimens, with a success rate of 100% and sufficient yield for analysis. The extracted nucleic acid quality was also adequate for panel analysis, enabling the detection of gene mutations in 68.1% of cases.
A study analyzing surgical tissue samples from patients with stage IIIA NSCLC found that high AKT expression and activated dendritic cells were associated with lower progression-free survival and overall survival. The immune expression signature identified could help follow-up and therapeutic management of high-risk patients.
Combining sotorasib with pembrolizumab or atezolizumab demonstrated durable clinical activity, lower treatment-related adverse events, and improved overall survival in patients with advanced KRAS p.G12C NSCLC. The study showed a higher incidence of grade 3-4 adverse events initially, but these effects may be mitigated by dose reduction.
Scientists at UC Berkeley develop a new COVID-19 therapeutic using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) that target a conserved region of the viral genome. The treatment is highly effective in preventing and treating COVID-19 infections in human cells and animal models, with no significant immune response.
QUT researchers have created a method to tell an autonomous vehicle which cameras to use when navigating, allowing for better understanding of the world around them. The system learns which cameras are most useful at different locations based on previous experience.
Researchers at Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology have developed a novel anode material consisting of black glasses grafted silicon microparticles, which shows great promise in enhancing lithium-ion battery performance and energy storage. The material exhibits high lithium diffusion ability, reduced internal resistance,...
The NELSON Trial demonstrated a 24% reduction in lung cancer mortality with low-dose CT screening, compared to the 20% found in the NLST. The new protocol used in NELSON showed improved sensitivity for early-stage cancers, increasing the benefits of lung cancer screening while reducing unnecessary follow-up procedures.
A world-first study reveals a direct link between low vitamin D and high inflammation, providing a biomarker for those at risk of chronic illnesses. Boosting vitamin D in people with deficiencies may reduce chronic inflammation.
The study observes electric gate-controlled exchange-bias effect in van der Waals heterostructures, enabling scalable energy-efficient spin-orbit logic. The team successfully tunes the blocking temperature of the EB effect via an electric gate, allowing for the EB field to be turned 'ON' and 'OFF'.
A new approach to studying cell binding has been developed, allowing for precise measurement of adhesion forces in various conditions. This technique, scRAFA, enables label-free and sub-cellular-resolution quantification of adhesion, with applications in fields such as cell biology, immunotherapy, and urinary tract infection.
Researchers discovered a new perspective on the tropical cyclone size-intensity relationship, finding that latitude and environmental vertical wind shear are primary influences. This reexamination sheds light on the physical mechanisms underlying coordinated changes within TCs, enabling better warning systems.
A new AI-rendering system leverages layered depth image representation to create high-quality phase-only 3D holograms in real-time on consumer desktops and cellphones. The system corrects vision aberrations and produces realistic depth boundaries, making holographic displays more accessible.
A recent study found that younger patients with lung cancer are more likely to be diagnosed at later stages, highlighting the need for strategies to increase early detection among younger adults. In contrast, older patients have seen improvements in earlier stage diagnoses since the onset of lung cancer screening.
Research presented at the IASLC World Conference on Lung Cancer 2022 found that increased utilization of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) has decreased treatment disparities for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The study showed a significant increase in the proportion of patients receiving definitive treatment, with...
The IASLC Early Detection and Screening Committee report outlines the challenges of implementing lung cancer screening in low- and middle-income countries. The committee emphasizes the need for evidence-based guidelines, considering regional specificities and population-specific risk factors.
Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University evaluated ACL reconstruction options and found that quadriceps tendon-patellar bone (QTB) grafts have greater similarity to the ACL at femoral insertion sites, indicating they are a more suitable option. This study contributes to potential improvement in ACL injury treatment by reducing the ...
A budget impact analysis shows that implementing the NELSON screening model in 28 European countries could prevent over 18,000 premature lung cancer deaths. The model estimates a total budget impact of approximately €937 million if half of the eligible population is screened.
A phase 3 trial showed sugemalimab improved progression-free survival (PFS) by 69% compared to placebo, with a median PFS of 10.5 months. Overall survival (OS) data also suggested a trend towards benefit favoring sugemalimab.
Researchers found that 7-month-old infants quickly discriminate between symmetrical and asymmetrical mosaics, indicating a robust ability to detect structural symmetry. This skill coincides with those found in studies using other stimuli, suggesting babies are good at extracting structure and rules from various media.
A study presented at the IASLC World Conference on Lung Cancer 2022 found four molecular subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) driven by MET exon 14 skipping, each with distinct clinical characteristics and responses to treatment.
Researchers found that second primary lung cancer occurs in approximately 4% of lung cancer patients, with a higher rate of up to 8% among those undergoing surgery for early-stage disease. The study also revealed variations in incidence rates by treatment type and stage.
Researchers have identified 12 marine species as potential bioindicators for monitoring plastic pollution in the North Pacific Ocean. These species, including Pacific oyster and long-nosed lancetfish, can help assess the extent of plastic pollution and inform effective reduction measures.
Research by Swansea University found that an optional wellbeing science module significantly improved university students' feelings of wellbeing. The study demonstrated the beneficial impact of strategically designed modules on student wellbeing during challenging times, including the Covid pandemic.
A study published in Molecular Therapy — Methods & Clinical Development shows that delivering the protein EPS8 via gene therapy can rescue malfunctioning inner ear hair cells that transduce sound. In mice affected by recessive deafness, EPS8 increases stereocilia length and restores hair cell function.
Researchers found that a specific amino acid substitution in the VMAT1 gene alters amygdala-dependent behaviors associated with anxiety, providing insight into its role in cognitive and emotional functions. Humanized substitutions of Vmat1 in mice revealed decreased levels of anxiety-like behaviors, supporting previous human studies.
Penn State researchers developed an at-home saliva-based testing platform that detects COVID-19 with the same sensitivity as PCR tests. The platform uses RT-LAMP technology to provide rapid results in 45 minutes.
Researchers at Duke-NUS Medical School found that high levels of homocysteine in the liver correlate with severity of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Supplementing vitamin B12 and folic acid reversed inflammation and fibrosis in preclinical models.
Researchers found that California's forest carbon buffer pool has depleted at least 95% of its contributions within the first 10 years due to wildfires and disease. The program's self-insurance mechanism is unable to guarantee that credited forest carbon remains out of the atmosphere for at least 100 years.
A team of UNLV-led researchers questions the hypothesis that modern humans experienced an evolutionary decrease in brain size during the transition to complex societies. They analyzed a dataset of early human fossil and museum specimens, finding no reduction in brain size over 30,000 years.
Researchers at the University of California, Davis have discovered a new pathway for cereals to capture nitrogen from the air, reducing the need for expensive fertilizers. The breakthrough could save farmers billions of dollars annually and benefit the environment by decreasing nitrogen pollution.
A digital support tool has been shown to be effective in reducing alcohol intake, with participants experiencing a 25% decrease in consumption after four months. The tool's personalized features and stigma-free approach may make it more appealing to those seeking help.
Grassland restoration requires long-term approaches and a deep understanding of ancient ecosystems to promote biodiversity and ecosystem services. The authors propose three considerations to guide restoration interventions, including re-establishing feedbacks among disturbance, vegetation, and belowground soil development.
A team of researchers from The Mount Sinai Hospital has made a groundbreaking discovery into the genetic and molecular mechanisms that predispose individuals to Alzheimer's disease. They identified 21 candidate risk genes, including SPI1, which regulates microglia and AD risk.
A Cornell University-led study confirms that heat-stressed dairy cows develop gut permeability, leading to reduced milk production. Feeding cows organic acids and pure botanicals can partially restore milk production and improve nitrogen efficiency.
A new study from the University of Washington and the National Park Service measured 38 years of change for glaciers in Kenai Fjords National Park. The study found that 13 of 19 glaciers have shown significant retreat, while two have advanced. Lake-terminating glaciers are retreating at a faster rate than other types.
Professor Gary Latham of the University of Toronto's Rotman School of Management has been recognized with the Dave Ulrich Impact Award for his groundbreaking research on goal setting and its impact on human resource management. His work has significantly advanced the field, with hundreds of academic and practitioner articles published.
Researchers from the University of Bonn found that dwarf galaxies in one of Earth's nearest galaxy clusters show signs of disturbance without dark matter halos. The study's results contradict previous models, suggesting an alternative gravity theory might be more accurate.
A new hydrogel-based platform increases vaccine thermal stability, enabling distribution in diverse regions without strict temperature control. The technology has the potential to reduce economic costs and health risks associated with cold chain logistics.
Researchers developed a novel method to visualize proteins secreted by cells with high resolution, using plasmonic-fluor technology. The FluoroDOT assay is versatile, low-cost and adaptable, providing a more comprehensive look at these proteins.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University find that existing coal-fired plants can produce electricity at a cost comparable to renewables with energy storage. The study suggests modifications to current tax incentives to increase deployment of carbon-constrained fossil-fuel and negative emissions technologies.
A systematic review of 301 academic articles identified 227 unique linkages between cultural ecosystem services and human well-being, including 16 distinct underlying mechanisms. The study found that positive interactions through nature, such as recreation and aesthetic value, contribute to improved mental and physical health.
Researchers at NIH have developed a 3D structure of the twinkle protein, which helps identify mutations that cause mitochondrial diseases. The discovery could lead to targeted treatments for patients with conditions like progressive external ophthalmoplegia and Perrault syndrome.
Researchers discovered how coronaviruses use caspase-6 to cleave and neutralize the host's interferon response, facilitating viral replication. By inhibiting or overexpressing caspase-6, researchers reduced coronavirus replication in various models, suggesting a potential target for antiviral treatment.
Researchers at Goethe University discovered a feedback loop that readies the auditory cortex for incoming acoustic signals in bats. This finding challenges previous views on information flow and highlights the significance of feedback loops in the brain.
A new study has shown that the TB vaccine can produce a long-lasting 'trained immunity response' in infants, lasting more than 14 months after vaccination. The research found that the BCG vaccine's off-target effects on the immune system can lead to reprogramming of genes in a specific blood cell type, known as monocytes.
The New York State military forces contributed significantly to the state's response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Over 13,000 personnel were deployed to support vaccination efforts, provide medical care, and facilitate logistics. The study highlights the critical role of military forces in combating this global health crisis.
Researchers analyzed over 140,000 class meetings and found no evidence of in-class transmission of SARS-CoV-2 despite full-occupancy and masking. The study provides solid evidence that BU's disease mitigation events limited transmission in the classroom.
A recent study published in JAMA Network Open found that the in-class transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was extremely low at a large urban university with strict health measures in place. The analysis of 140,000 class meetings revealed negligible cases, indicating effective control of the virus.
Researchers at Yale University discovered that purslane, a common weed, can thrive in drought conditions due to its integrated C4+CAM photosynthesis system. This novel metabolic pathway enables the plant to efficiently use resources and protect itself from water stress.
A new set of guidelines aims to increase patient diversity in lung cancer clinical trials by relaxing eligibility requirements. The recommendations, published in JAMA Oncology, suggest that patients with prior or concurrent cancers, brain metastases, and mild liver impairment can be included in trials.
A new study finds that mild smog exposure during pregnancy is linked to higher risks of low birth weight, high blood pressure, and early water breaks. The research highlights the need for environmental protection measures to reduce air pollution's impact on pregnant women and their unborn children.
A clinical trial found that three smoking cessation treatments could also reduce alcohol consumption and found high rates of behavior change for both. Nicotine replacement therapy performed as well as prescription drugs in reducing alcohol intake.
A recent clinical trial led by Massachusetts General Hospital validated a strategy for increasing shared decision-making about colorectal cancer screening in older patients. Brief physician training plus reminders resulted in patients reporting higher quality conversations, with more discussing their preferences and having more options...
Employment-to-population ratio for people with disabilities decreased from 34.9% in June 2022 to 34.4% in July 2022. Labor force participation rate also decreased, but remains above pre-COVID levels and historic high of 2008.
A new study challenges a popular scenario explaining the origin of eukaryotes, suggesting that cells can grow to considerable volume without acquiring mitochondria. Researchers explore energy requirements and genome arrangement in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, revealing overlap between cell types rather than a hard boundary line.
Children are at risk of heat-related health problems due to obesity and physical inactivity. Fitter adults can better tolerate high temperatures, but research suggests children need daily physical activity to build fitness.