Researchers found that endothelial cells in blood vessels drive the body's metabolism and produce nitrous oxide to regulate brown fat production. This discovery reverses long-held ideas about the relationship between diabetes, fat and cardiovascular disease.
Researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital found that wrist-worn devices are more cost-effective than traditional electrocardiograms and pulse palpation for screening individuals with atrial fibrillation. The use of these devices was also associated with a reduction in stroke incidence.
A new study by neuroscientists at MIT's Picower Institute finds that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and motor cortex collaborate to update understanding and behavior when a task requires more steps. The ACC helps M2 adjust to new rules, but reduced activity leads to increased negative outcome encoding cells' activity in M2.
Researchers used wearable devices to screen for atrial fibrillation and found them cost-effective. The study suggests that wearable devices can be a valuable tool in atrial fibrillation detection, particularly in high-risk populations.
A Singapore-based research team has created a systematic engineering approach for optimizing the production of 3D printed food inks with alternative proteins. The method uses Response Surface Methodology to minimize time and resources, resulting in visually appealing, flavorful, and nutritionally adequate foods enhanced with sustainabl...
Researchers used machine learning algorithms and k-D tree data structure to identify 11 previously undetected space anomalies, seven of which are supernova candidates. The team analyzed digital images of the Northern sky taken in 2018 using a k-D tree to detect anomalies through the 'nearest neighbour' method.
A team of MIT engineers and collaborators have devised a way to overcome the foreign body response, forming a thick layer of scar tissue that blocks insulin release. The device is repeatedly inflated and deflated for five minutes every 12 hours, preventing immune cells from accumulating around it.
Researchers will design and distribute two new types of miniscopes, enabling deeper brain observations. The devices will be light enough for rodents, unlocking insights into neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have discovered that even terminally exhausted T cells retain some capacity to function again. They identified approaches to overcome exhaustion by targeting co-stimulation pathways and reprogramming T cells to be resistant to hypoxia, a common tumor microenvironmental signal.
A new dual-plasmid editing system improves DNA digital storage potential by accurately rewriting digital information encoded in DNA sequences. The system, developed by Prof. LIU Kai and colleagues, uses a rationally designed coding algorithm and an information editing tool to store, read and rewrite various types of information.
A study of 482,000 children and adolescents found no link between state laws limiting opioid prescriptions and the receipt of these prescriptions. Alternative strategies, such as youth-specific guidelines, are needed to address this public health concern.
A Rutgers study found that participants with severe insomnia and high rates of alcohol use had lower blackout frequencies than those with low insulinemia, suggesting a potential link between circadian misalignment and altered alcohol metabolism.
An international team has uncovered that eukaryotes have made hundreds of big leaps from sea to soil and freshwater habitats during their evolution. This reveals that adapting to a different salinity is difficult, even for microbes, but still allows them to occupy vacant ecological niches.
A new study found that rural Americans with early-onset Alzheimer's are less likely to be seen by specialists and receive essential tests, which can impact diagnosis, symptom management, and disease progression. This disparity puts rural patients at a disadvantage and overburdens primary care providers.
Pollen from ragweed plants in different regions exhibits varying levels of aggression, influencing allergic reactions. Climate change is projected to increase ragweed allergy cases to 77 million by 2060.
A recent study has revealed that the great current diversity of eukaryotes is largely due to the large number of habitat transitions between sea and land over millions of years. Microbial eukaryotes have made hundreds of leaps from one habitat to another, allowing them to occupy vacant ecological niches.
A nationwide study is investigating the effects of COVID-19 on patients in the US, with a focus on understanding and preventing lingering symptoms. The four-year study, RECOVER Initiative, will enroll up to 20,000 participants and explore factors that put individuals at risk for long-COVID.
A new biosynthesis method has been developed to produce antibiotics from natural substances with added fluorine, which can strengthen bonding and improve accessibility. This technology has huge potential for optimizing polyketides, a gigantic substance class used in various medicines.
Experts argue that seagrasses are crucial for achieving the UN Sustainable Development goals due to their carbon absorption and biodiversity benefits. The conservation and restoration of seagrass meadows can help tackle climate change and promote biodiversity recovery, making them a nature-based solution for the planet's future.
The New York State Operation COVID-19 mobilized over 7,000 service members across 200 sites, administering vaccines, testing kits, and meals, while providing critical services during the pandemic. The mobilization helped prevent tens of thousands of deaths and saved lives through rapid vaccine rollout and testing support.
A new study provides critical insights into the pGC-A membrane receptor, a vital component of cardiovascular regulation. The research offers a clearer understanding of this complex receptor and its signaling mechanisms, paving the way for new anti-hypertensive drugs.
New, high-performance carbon microlattice electrodes made via micro-architected 3D printing could reduce battery manufacturing costs by increasing active materials and minimizing inactive binders. The approach was developed by Tohoku University researchers to unlock the potential of sodium ions for powering batteries.
A study published in the Journal of Child Neurology found that stress, decreased physical activity, and increased screen time during the pandemic worsened headaches and mental health in children. The study, which analyzed data from 107 pediatric patients, highlights the impact of disruptions to daily life on kids with headache disorders.
A Kessler Foundation neuroimaging study found that older individuals reported less state fatigue and showed greater brain activation to combat fatigue. The study also revealed women show greater resilience when faced with a fatiguing task, highlighting age and gender differences in fatigue responses.
A study by the University of the Basque Country detected Arcobacter species in 22.3% of analyzed food samples, with A. butzleri being the most abundant. The bacteria were found to possess virulence genes and could cause gastrointestinal disorders. Biofilm formation on food contact surfaces was also observed.
The National MS Society has launched 40 new research awards to explore myelin repair, clues to MS progression, and wellness strategies to move closer to a world free of MS. The $19 million investment is part of a projected total of nearly $30 million in 2022 to support over 250 new research studies.
A study led by McGill University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) found that Ukrainians who engage in more analytic thinking are less likely to believe pro-Kremlin disinformation. Analytical thinking helps curtail belief in disinformation, according to the researchers.
A new study reveals that climate change and population growth are putting UK wastewater treatment works at extreme stress, with dynamic stressors linked to increased risk of pollution events. The research proposes using real-time data to mitigate disruption and improve resilience.
Researchers at Kyoto University have developed a new protocol for synthesizing dialkyl ethers using three catalysts that hydroxylate alkenes quickly and cheaply. This method enables the precise control of electrons and protons to convert unactivated alkenes into reactive carbocation equivalents under mild reaction conditions.
Scientists found that systems exhibiting anomalous diffusion with resetting can only reach equilibrium when fluctuations remain constant over long time intervals. This discovery has potential applications in optimizing industrial and biological processes, such as autonomous cleaning robots.
Researchers mapped specific gene variants to their effects on cardiac cells, revealing unique responses to different mutations. This study provides insights into the development of precision-targeted interventions for dilated cardiomyopathy and other genetic heart diseases.
Staff turnover affects both residents and their families, compromising the quality of care. Continuity of nursing home staff and leadership is essential for delivering personalized care, as frontline workers deliver 90% of care. Researchers emphasize the need to attract and retain well-trained staff who enjoy working with older adults.
Ballistics experts create first precise model of a football's flightpath, shedding light on what separates good passes from bad ones. The study found that the Magnus effect has little impact on a spinning football and that swerving is linked to the ball's orientation at the end of the pass.
Researchers found that higher suPAR levels were associated with increased risk of blood clot formation in COVID-19 patients. Combining suPAR and D-dimer may improve predicting who is at high or low risk of blood clots, enabling targeted therapies to prevent critical outcomes.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Cancer identified genetic signatures linked to patient response to immunotherapy in bladder and other cancers. High DDR1 expression is associated with 'cold' tumors, while high DDR2 is linked to 'hot' tumors.
Researchers found that orally administering gold nanoclusters to mice with colitis eliminated reactive oxygen species, increased antioxidant enzymes, and inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines without side effects. The nanoclusters also showed benefits over natural enzymes used in traditional IBD treatments.
Researchers develop a new low-calorie sweetener that is as sweet as table sugar and feeds beneficial gut microbes. The mixture shows promise in improving gut health and has prebiotic effects on the human gut microbiome.
A new sample preparation method called 'water droplet-in-oil' (WinO) has been developed to improve efficiency in single-cell proteomics. The technique reduces sample loss and increases throughput by up to 10-fold compared to conventional methods.
Stabilized coacervate droplets can be steered using an electric field, allowing for controlled manipulation and delivery of biomolecules like enzymes. The technology has potential applications in drug delivery and other encapsulation technologies, as well as explaining the stability of biological condensates.
Researchers at the University of Tokyo have made a groundbreaking discovery about the development of the visual system in mice. By studying the neural networks in cortical and thalamic regions, they found that parallel pathways from the retinas form earlier than connections within cortical areas, challenging current understanding of co...
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis developed a new imaging tool that uses optical coherence tomography (OCT) and machine learning to detect and classify cancerous tissue samples with high accuracy. The technique, which was tested on patients in a trial, showed a 93% diagnostic accuracy rate.
Researchers at Ohio State University have developed a new method to synthesize medicines using carbenes, reducing the need for explosive intermediates. This breakthrough could enable faster production of cyclopropanes, a key ingredient in COVID-19 treatments and other medications.
Researchers found that microbes detach from sinking plastic and attach to surrounding water, stopping their descent at a few meters below the surface. Microbial communities on floating plastic particles differ from those in deeper waters.
Researchers analyzed genomic data from 44 women with germline PTEN mutations who developed breast cancer and compared it to sporadic breast cancers. They found that PTEN and PIK3CA were the most frequently somatically mutated genes in PHTS-associated breast cancers, indicating that somatic mutations in PTEN drive these cancers.
Researchers generated rat sperm cells inside sterile mice using blastocyst complementation, achieving a proof-of-principle for producing gametes from one animal species in another. This breakthrough may speed up the production of transgenic rats for biomedical research and potentially support animal species conservation efforts.
Researchers optimized the ZZ SWAP network protocol, introducing a new technique to improve quantum error mitigation. This enables more efficient execution of quantum algorithms like QAOA, which can solve combinatorial optimization problems.
Patients struggle to understand key terms like 'metastatic' and 'carcinoma' found in breast pathology reports. A survey of 527 participants found that only 73% correctly defined 'benign', highlighting the need for educational tools to support patient comprehension.
A study of 168 COVID-19 patients with mild symptoms found that 88% completely recovered from smell or taste dysfunction within two years. For those who took longer to recover, it was over six months
Researchers at KAIST developed a novel fusion protein drug, αAβ-Gas6, which efficiently eliminates amyloid beta (Aβ) without causing inflammatory side effects. The study showed that αAβ-Gas6 promoted the robust uptake of Aβ without inflammation and neurotoxicity.
A new study from UC Davis links air pollution exposure to increased inflammation and decreased cardiac regulation in children. Elevated markers of interleukin-6 and lower cardiac autonomic regulation were found in blood samples of healthy children aged 9-11 who lived near areas with high levels of PM2.5 during wildfires.
The University of Cincinnati is conducting a study on a potential new treatment for pancreatic cancer using SapC-DOPG, a nanotechnology drug delivery system. The treatment has shown promise in reducing tumor growth by 50-80% in animal models and aims to develop an effective immunotherapy treatment.
Researchers identified lipopolysaccharide-responsive and beige-like anchor protein (LRBA) as a crucial regulator of aquaporin-2 water channels in the kidneys. The study found that LRBA interacts with PKA to facilitate AQP2 activation, maintaining water homeostasis and preventing polyuria.
A new study published in Nature Microbiology reveals high prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in mothers and neonates from 7 LMICs. The researchers found that ARGs were present in neonates within hours of birth, indicating initial colonization with antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
A team of researchers at Mount Sinai discovered a molecular mechanism involving carbohydrate response-element binding protein (ChREBP) that plays a key role in glucose toxicity and beta-cell death. Increasing expression of an alternate form of ChREBP or activating nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2 can preserve beta-cell mass.
Rice University researchers create a technique to make surfaces superhydrophobic by combining sanding with powder materials, resulting in water-repelling properties. The treatment also exhibits excellent anti-icing properties, slowing down freezing and reducing ice adhesion strength.
Researchers have designed a phage combination therapy that precisely targets and suppresses gut bacteria associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The team identified effective phages against IBD-contributing Kp strains, which attenuated inflammation and tissue damage in mice models.
A new study analyzing 72 lakes in four large Neotropical wetlands of Brazil reveals that human impacts on biodiversity compromise wetland multifunctionality. Strong associations between aquatic organism diversity and wetland functioning were found, highlighting the crucial role of species richness in driving ecosystem health.
Researchers at Imperial College London developed a new rapid test called CrisprZyme, which detects biomarkers in the body to diagnose non-infectious diseases like heart attacks and cancers. The test works at room temperature with colorimetric analysis, eliminating the need for amplification and temperature control.
The study suggests that COVID-19's direct mortality effects on children may be comparable to the magnitude of indirect outcomes from gun violence. The authors noted a possible increase in gun-related deaths among children due to factors like psychological and economic strain during the pandemic.
Researchers have developed a low-cost, spongy electrode made from a sugar cube template, offering improved signal detection and reduced noise. The device's micropores provide increased contact area with the skin, enabling it to monitor uterine contractions and other health issues with high quality.