UPF researchers used the principles of the second law of thermodynamics to understand and model different brain states. By quantifying the hierarchy of brain function, they developed a robust biomarker that distinguishes between conscious and unconscious states.
A study found that overweight patients are more inclined to disagree with their healthcare providers on weight loss and lifestyle advice. Disagreement was particularly pronounced for advice given by doctors on weight and lifestyle issues, with overweight patients more likely to disagree.
A new DNA-based fluorescence technique using single-molecule electron-transfer kinetics can identify point mutations in mRNA, facilitating the diagnosis of gliomas and potentially treating the disease. This breakthrough may lead to real-time cancer diagnostics during surgical biopsies, reducing the need for multiple surgeries.
A Kennesaw State University assistant professor of biology is studying how urbanization affects heavy metal concentrations in starlings. Preliminary data suggests that starlings nesting at urban sites have higher lead concentrations, which could provide insights into the environmental impact of urbanization.
A review of 14 studies reveals that women who take on more unpaid labor experience increased depressive symptoms and psychological distress. The study highlights the need for greater attention to divide unpaid labor equally between men and women to improve mental health.
Researchers developed a main-group catalyst with atomically dispersed In sites to overcome the trade-off between conversion and selectivity in oxidative dehydrogenation. The novel catalyst achieved over 80% C2H4 selectivity, outperforming existing transition metal oxide catalysts.
Research confirms ethnicity as a key risk factor for kidney disease in people with Type 1 diabetes, particularly among African-Caribbean individuals. The study found nearly 60% greater risk of advanced kidney disease in this population.
Researchers have genetically engineered yeast to produce vindoline and catharanthine, the precursors to vinblastine, a widely used anti-cancer drug. This breakthrough may lead to new sources of these compounds and reduce dependence on plant farming and logistics challenges.
A study of 690 young children found that many had asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections, which did not correlate with viral load. The findings suggest that relying on symptom screening may not be enough to control outbreaks in this age group.
Researchers at Washington University have developed a hydrogel system that preserves biochemistry and mechanical environments of cultured podocyte cells. This allows researchers to identify new ways to control mechanisms used by cells to heal themselves, potentially leading to therapies for currently incurable diseases.
Researchers found a strong association between high ultra-processed food consumption and colorectal cancer risk in men, particularly those consuming processed meats. In contrast, no link was found for women, suggesting potential sex differences in the relationship between diet and cancer risk.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology developed a computer model to predict enzyme efficiency. This helps find efficient cell factories for producing biotech products like biofuels and medicines, and studies difficult diseases.
A large retrospective study found that visceral fat area from fully automated and normalized abdominal CT analysis predicts subsequent myocardial infarction or stroke in Black and White patients. The study suggests that body composition analysis using machine learning could be widely adopted to add prognostic utility to clinical practice.
A high-precision experiment reveals that protons and neutrons in small nuclei prefer to pair up with others of the same kind more often than expected. The study provides new details about short-distance interactions between particles and may impact results from experiments seeking to tease out further nuclear structure details.
Xiu Yang, a 2022 NSF CAREER award recipient, is working on an algorithmic approach to model and overcome hardware errors in quantum computing. He aims to enable the technology to achieve its promise of unparalleled speed in solving complex problems.
A new study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association found that low physical function after age 65 is associated with a greater risk of developing heart attack, heart failure, and stroke. The study used the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) test to assess physical function in 5,570 adults over 75 years old.
Research by NUS led by Professor Zhang Cuilin found that maternal physical activity before pregnancy is associated with placental DNA methylation patterns affecting fetal growth. Additionally, optimal fatty acid intake in early pregnancy optimizes fetal growth throughout pregnancy.
A study by King's College London found that visiting canals and rivers has a positive association with mental wellbeing, feeling happy, and social inclusion. The combination of blue and green space with wildlife is believed to contribute to these benefits.
Researchers found that increasing active listening and empathy in a firm's response can evoke customer gratitude, even if the actual failure is not yet recovered. The study shows that these strategies can be easy-to-implement implications for companies handling complaints via social media.
Researchers at Washington State University developed a simple method to recycle polylactic acid (PLA) into high-quality resin for 3D printing. The process breaks down PLA into its basic building blocks, allowing it to be re-polymerized into stronger materials.
A new American Heart Association statement highlights the need for specialized care in people who inject drugs, a population with a complex approach to manage potentially deadly heart infections. The standard treatment includes six weeks of intravenous antibiotics, but alternative regimens and oral antibiotics may help complete treatment.
Experts argue that flawed narratives and premature scientific conclusions led to ineffective public health measures, care home deaths, and lax vaccination policies. The UK's response fell short of its potential, with a death toll approaching 200,000, due to a lack of evidence-based decision-making.
Researchers have identified genetic signatures explaining ethnic differences in prostate cancer severity, particularly in African men. The study found a new prostate cancer taxonomy and cancer drivers that predict life-threatening cancers, providing a critical key to understanding the disease.
Scientists at the University of Freiburg have successfully characterized epigenetic modifications using nanopore analysis. The technique allows for rapid detection of protein fragments with varying levels of acetylation, enabling more accurate diagnosis and treatment of diseases like cancer.
A team of researchers at Harvard Medical School has made new strides in understanding the basic biology of internal organ sensing, revealing spatial maps of neurons in the brain stem responding to feedback from internal organs. The study found that inhibition within the brain plays a key role in selectively responding to organs.
Scientists modeled how different coronavirus shapes affect rotational diffusivity, impacting transmission and infective success. The study found that more elongated shapes result in slower rotation rates, potentially improving attachment to cells.
A study by HKU Dentistry found that 'positive stress' can induce good changes in tooth stem cells, making them more resistant to injury and disease. The research team developed a preconditioning protocol that modified the cells genetically to mimic low oxygen conditions, which activated protective mechanisms.
Researchers have identified a stream of messages between fat tissue and the brain, revealing a previously unknown pathway for adipose tissue to communicate with the brain. The discovery suggests that sensory neurons play a crucial role in regulating fat metabolism and may hold potential for treating obesity and metabolic diseases.
According to Penn Medicine experts, health systems can utilize several strategies to help Black communities build wealth, including promoting job opportunities and investing in local economies. Wealth building has also been shown to improve health outcomes, as it affords choice and stability in housing, education, and nutrition.
A recent study published in the World Leisure Journal found that neighborhood associations often lack diversity and inclusivity, serving primarily the interests of young, affluent families. Researchers argue that these groups should aim to foster a sense of belonging for all residents, not just a select subgroup.
Researchers found a negative correlation between age-standardized death rates and levels of decommodification in 21 OECD countries. Decreased labor market polarization and risk were associated with improved population health, particularly in men.
A study by PLOS analyzed Australian race yards and found no significant difference in performance between male and female jockeys. The research suggests that the sex of the jockey does not impact the physiology or performance of the racehorse.
Scientists studying particle collisions at RHIC observed signs of gluon saturation in heavier nuclei, with suppression of back-to-back pairs increasing with larger nucleus size. The results support theoretical models and provide insight into the behavior of gluons in dense nuclear matter.
An Italian study found that ultra-processed foods, even if labeled as 'nutritious', pose a significant mortality risk. Combining nutritional composition and degree of food processing provides the most accurate assessment.
A new experiment at Jefferson Lab found that proton-proton and neutron-neutron collisions were responsible for roughly 20% of all collisions, surprising previous measurements which showed a much smaller share. The discovery improves the precision of previous measurements by a factor of ten.
Research linked blood type to early-onset stroke risk in young adults under 60. People with blood type A had a 16% higher risk, while those with blood type O had a 12% lower risk of having an early stroke. The study suggests potential new ways to predict and prevent strokes in young adults.
Astronomers discovered that merging galaxies can rip away gas fueling new stars, providing a possible explanation for why large galaxies are dead. The team found a 'post-starburst' galaxy seven billion light years away with signs of available star-forming fuel, suggesting an extreme collision caused the gas to escape.
Two large studies found a link between high consumption of ultra-processed foods and increased risks of cardiovascular disease, bowel cancer, and death. The findings support policies limiting ultra-processed foods and promote eating unprocessed or minimally-processed foods for improved public health.
The ‘YES Oklahoma’ project seeks to address the underrepresentation of American Indian students in biomedical and cancer research. The program aims to provide research training opportunities for high school students, teachers, and graduate students from underrepresented communities, with a focus on improving community health outcomes.
A study published in NEJM found that individuals infected with previous SARS-CoV-2 variants have four times greater protection against the current Omicron BA.5 subvariant than those who were not infected. This hybrid immunity provides significant protection against future infections.
A study using child-sized humanoid robots found that they can assess mental wellbeing in children more effectively than parent-reported or self-reported testing. The robots were able to encourage children to share their thoughts and feelings, leading to more accurate assessments of their mental health.
A new clinical practice guideline provides guidance on delivering women-focused cardiac rehabilitation programs to increase participation and improve outcomes. The guideline presents 15 recommendations to address inequities in cardiovascular disease care for women.
Researchers at Princeton University have discovered a new method to correct errors in quantum computers, potentially clearing a major obstacle. The technique increases the acceptable error rate four-fold, making it practical for current quantum systems.
Diabetes-resistant mice develop a protective beta cell cluster with reduced glucose uptake and increased beta cell division, while diabetic-prone mice experience metabolic stress and beta cell failure. This study reveals the key role of adaptive gene expression in protecting against type 2 diabetes.
Researchers discovered that combining a new target with an old chemotherapy drug can reduce resistance and potentially improve treatment outcomes for small cell lung cancer. The study used mouse models to show that inhibiting a protein called SMYD3, along with cyclophosphamide, stopped tumors in their tracks.
A meta-analysis of 64 longitudinal studies found that mental health problems remained elevated globally during the pandemic, with North Americans suffering from increased anxiety and depression. In contrast, Latin America and Europe experienced higher rates of insomnia.
Research suggests that super recognizers divide new faces into parts, storing them in the brain as composite images. This allows them to recognize faces better than others even when only seeing smaller regions at a time.
Researchers found that open ocean oxygen-deficient zones shrank during past warm periods due to reduced denitrification rates and changes in tropical Pacific Ocean oxygen content. This suggests a possible link between climate change and ocean oxygen levels.
Researchers found that impressions formed during small talk influenced behavior in strategic games. Participants who believed their partner was an extrovert behaved more cooperatively, while shared personality traits made it harder to out-guess opponents. This study highlights the importance of regular small talk communication.
A study of NASA astronauts found DNA mutations associated with spaceflight, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease and blood cancer. Regular screening is recommended to monitor astronaut health.
Researchers at George Washington University found that people perceive objects differently based on their prior knowledge and experience, with manipulable objects perceived faster but with less detail, while non-manipulable objects are perceived slower but with higher detail.
A study led by Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health researchers found that dolutegravir-based regimens are more effective in treating HIV-1 during pregnancy than other commonly used ART regimens. The study showed high viral suppression rates for pregnant people taking dolutegravir, with no observed differences in adverse birth out...
A study published in PLOS ONE found that combining blue and green spaces at former industrial canals improves mental well-being. The research, which utilized ecological momentary assessment, revealed the benefits of these environments on boosting mood and promoting relaxation.
Researchers developed a bionic swimming robot using cultured skeletal muscle tissue and circular distributed multiple electrodes, achieving stable controllability. The robot can be efficiently propelled by only one muscle tissue, making it suitable for various applications.
New polymer nanomembranes with aligned supramolecular macrocycles exhibit superior filtration properties, exceeding conventional membranes. They enable precise tuning of pore size for accurate molecular separations in industries such as pharmaceuticals.
A new method for monitoring coral size and growth has been developed using dental scanning technology, reducing surveying time by 99%. This non-destructive approach allows scientists to measure thousands of tiny corals quickly and accurately without harming them, with the potential to expand large-scale monitoring of ocean health.
A new study published in Frontiers found that excessive blue light exposure can alter cellular functions in fruit flies, potentially leading to accelerated aging. The researchers discovered changes in metabolites essential for cell function and communication between neurons.
A Charité study found that SARS-CoV-2 can trigger chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) in patients. Approximately half of post-COVID patients met the diagnostic criteria for ME/CFS, with distinct differences in laboratory results and disease progression between groups.
The study identifies wüstite FeO nanoparticles in lunar soil, suggesting an intermediate state in the thermal decomposition process of olivine. The findings imply that severe space weathering may not have occurred on the lunar surface, warranting further investigation into the incipient formation mechanism of rim structures.
The joint observations of EMM and MAVEN reveal fine-scale structures in proton aurora spanning the full day side of Mars, indicating a chaotic solar wind interaction. This phenomenon is caused by turbulent conditions around Mars allowing charged particles to flood directly into the atmosphere, forming patchy proton aurora.
A study found that Australia's 'Black Summer' megafires increased the load of fire-derived pollutants in estuaries, posing a threat to biodiversity and ecosystem health. Researchers recommend prioritizing riverside vegetation for protection and incorporating bushfires into catchment management plans.
A new study found that people taking high doses of folic acid were 1.5 times more likely to get COVID-19 and 2.6 times more likely to die from the virus compared to those not on folic acid supplements. Methotrexate, an antifolate drug, mitigated this negative impact when given with folic acid.
Researchers have found hydroquinine, an organic compound found in tree bark, has potent antibacterial properties against several microorganisms. The study suggests it may be a potential candidate for future clinical investigation to combat antibiotic-resistant infections.
A newly identified link between chronic pain and lung cancer in mice suggests that old drugs such as clonidine, capsaicin, and fluphenazine may offer new treatments for chronic pain. The study found that blocking the BH4 pathway reduced pain sensitivity and decreased tumor growth in mouse models of KRAS-driven lung cancer.
A study published in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery found that microneedling can significantly improve the final appearance of surgical scars, with best results if done within six to seven weeks. Early intervention with microneedling has been shown to reactivate the healing process and prevent undesirable scarring.
Researchers have developed a new method for 3D cell culture that accurately quantifies how breast cancer cells generate forces to spread within tissue. This study provides more accurate computational data on cellular forces during invasion by breast cancer cells, which may lead to more efficient and personalized drug development.
Researchers from Osaka University developed a versatile method for preparing heterodimensional superlattices, exhibiting anisotropic electrical conductivity and the anomalous Hall effect at room temperature. This innovation promises to enhance data storage density, lighting efficiency, and electronic device speed.
Researchers discovered a substance that increased immune response to an experimental COVID-19 shot in mice, producing antibodies 25 times greater than without an adjuvant. The new adjuvant, αGC-CPOEt, is being investigated as a potential treatment for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.
A study found that humble leaders in China's Teaching Research Groups improved professional development through discussions and collaboration. Teachers who rated their TRG leaders as high in humility were more likely to share their knowledge and expertise.
Researchers have developed a novel RO membrane technology that combines high permeability-selectivity with anti-biofouling properties. The new membranes exhibit improved water flux without sacrificing salt rejection, and enhanced resistance to fouling and biocontamination.
SAFER Ukraine successfully evacuated over 900 patients and families to reestablish medical care abroad. The effort demonstrates the importance of collaborative networks in global health and provides a model for future international emergency responses.
A University of Michigan study reveals that living in a neighborhood with high social cohesion can foster critical social skills in teenagers, even when the early mother-child bond is weak. Researchers found that strong connections between neighbors and teens can provide an alternative source of support.
A UCSF-led team reveals that tumor immune microenvironments play a crucial role in the progression of pancreatic cysts to pancreatic cancer. The study suggests that therapies targeting regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells could inhibit malignant progression and treat high-risk disease.
A recent investigation by The BMJ reveals that hospital trusts in England are bracing for a significant increase in energy bills this winter, with some anticipating a rise of over 200% in fuel costs. This would result in reduced patient care and staffing levels, posing a major challenge to the NHS's ability to operate effectively.
Researchers at CeMM have discovered that targeting SMNDC1 in alpha cells can induce insulin production, a potential new approach for treating diabetes. The study identified a key molecular mechanism regulating insulin hormone production and its essential role in the treatment of diabetes.
Researchers analyzed individuals with uncombable hair syndrome, a rare condition characterized by dry, frizzy, and wiry hair that cannot be combed flat. The study identified key genetic factors contributing to this anomaly, providing new insights into its causes and potential treatments.
A study found that expanded telehealth services for opioid use disorder care during the COVID-19 pandemic led to individuals staying in treatment longer and reducing their risk of medically treated overdose. The expansion also showed improved receipt and retention of medication-assisted treatment, suggesting a valuable approach to addr...
Researchers found that Twitch viewers are more likely to remember, crave, and purchase brands advertised on the platform. The study suggests that up to 15% of participants experienced cravings for advertised products, with 8% reporting purchases. This highlights concerns over the impact of food marketing on young adults' health.
The MIT-led MOXIE experiment has successfully produced oxygen from Mars' thin atmosphere, producing six grams of oxygen per hour across various conditions. This achievement demonstrates the feasibility of in-situ resource utilization, which could support human missions on Mars by generating breathable oxygen and fuel for rockets.
A new study finds that COVID-19 orphanhood is significantly higher in poorer countries due to pre-existing health and vaccine coverage inequity. The risk is driven by factors like poverty prevalence, lower GDP per capita, and non-communicable diseases.
Researchers uncovered a previously unknown insect-plant-insect interaction involving ants, wasps and oak trees. The team found that ants collect oak galls containing edible caps, which are attractive to the insects due to their fatty acid composition.
Researchers at King Abdullah University of Science & Technology have developed a method to produce crocins, a key ingredient in saffron, using a common garden plant. This breakthrough could lead to sustainable and efficient production of these compounds for pharmaceuticals, food coloring, and flavor additives.
A meta-analysis of genetic studies found a stronger link between blood types A and O and early stroke, suggesting that people with these gene variants may be more likely to develop blood clots leading to stroke. Those with blood type A had an increased risk and those with blood type O had a decreased risk compared to other blood types.
A machine-learning model developed at Mass Eye and Ear accurately diagnosed pediatric ear infections at a rate 30 percent higher than doctors surveyed. The model achieved 95% accuracy in diagnosing an ear infection from test images, surpassing the average clinical accuracy of 65%.
A team of paleontologists led by Virginia Tech has discovered a new, early dinosaur in Zimbabwe, which is the oldest dinosaur skeleton found in Africa. The newly named Mbiresaurus raathi was estimated to be around 6 feet long and weighed between 20-65 pounds.
A global study reveals that COVID-19 has led to a significant increase in orphaned children worldwide. The analysis, conducted by researchers at Australian National University, found that fertility rates, poverty, vaccine coverage, and disease prevalence contribute to the risk of children losing one or both parents during the pandemic.
Researchers found that corals can pass somatic mutations to their offspring, which increases genetic diversity and provides a potential route for evolutionary adaptation. The discovery challenges conventional wisdom on the role of reproductive cells in evolution.
A meta-analysis of 22 studies found that micro-breaks (10 minutes or less) reduce fatigue and increase vigor in employees. While longer breaks may improve performance on creative tasks, their effects are unclear for cognitively demanding tasks.
A new study reveals that exploiting mitohormesis, a biological phenomenon where mild cellular stress boosts health and viability, can induce tolerance to influenza infection. Researchers identified a novel molecule, 9-tert-butyldoxycycline, which triggers beneficial mitochondrial responses that reduce tissue damage and inflammation.
The COVID-19 pandemic has been linked to increased rates of maternal anxiety, depression, and postpartum distress. Research also suggests that infants' behavior is affected by their mothers' mental health during this time.
Researchers discovered an inhibitory neuronal network in the brainstem that generates a synchronous rhythm, retracting mouse whiskers from their protracted positions. The oscillator consists of parvalbumin-expressing vIRt neurons firing bursts only during whisker retraction.
A study from the University of Gothenburg finds that individuals who invest in sustainable pension funds are motivated by altruistic values such as equality and environmental protection. They prioritize authority and have a lower value for money and ownership compared to those investing in traditional funds.
New research from Flinders University found a molecular link between COVID-19 and serotonin cells in the gut. The study suggests that these cells synthesise and release serotonin, which is highly enriched for SARS-CoV-2 receptors, potentially worsening disease outcomes.
Scientists have discovered three proteins with therapeutic potential to prevent cardiac damage and preserve cardiac function after a heart attack. The proteins, Chrdl1, Fam3c, and Fam3b, were identified through an innovative technology called FunSel that screens human proteins for protective effects.
A new study shows that the 'batwing' mastopexy technique can be safely performed simultaneously with immediate breast reconstruction, providing comparable complication rates and improved aesthetic outcomes. Women with larger breasts or ptosis can now consider nipple-sparing mastectomy without increased risk of complications.
A new study reveals that over half of hospital-based maternal deaths in the US occur during pregnancy or postpartum, rather than at delivery. Researchers are calling for a renewed focus on examining the causes of these deaths to inform clinical and policy interventions.
A new study from the Smidt Heart Institute shows that when height is accounted for, women are 50% more likely to develop atrial fibrillation (AFib) than men. The study's findings suggest that medical practitioners must remain vigilant in promoting AFib prevention and early interventions among both female and male patients.
Researchers developed a mathematical model of cilia beating due to mechanical instability caused by the cilium motor protein dynein. This knowledge will aid in understanding and treating cilia-related diseases.
The American Federation for Aging Research and Hevolution Foundation announce a pilot, global research grant program supporting junior investigators in aging biology and geroscience research. The program provides up to $375,000 each for three-year awards to conduct innovative approaches in aging research.