Researchers analyzed general surgery residency application and graduation rates for Black trainees compared to their peers, finding significant disparities in matriculation and graduation rates. The study highlights the need for improved diversity and inclusion initiatives in general surgery training programs.
Public trust in science increased in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic, with stronger increases among educated individuals and those supporting the left-wing party. Despite this rise, public trust declined slightly by November 2020, highlighting the need for effective communication strategies to maintain trust
A new longitudinal study found that frequent use of NSAIDs or acetaminophen, as well as regular use of COX-2 inhibitors, is associated with a higher risk of developing chronic persistent tinnitus. Low-dose aspirin use did not elevate risk, but moderate-dose aspirin use was linked to higher risk among women under 60.
A new study finds that hospitals in predominantly Black and Hispanic areas have lower rates of offering programs addressing opioid use disorder. The researchers analyzed 446 nonprofit hospitals across the US, finding gaps in hospital-based services that contribute to racial disparities.
Researchers develop a new wheat mutant with broad-spectrum powdery mildew resistance, without growth or yield defects. They achieve this through multiplex genome editing, identifying the role of TaTMT3B in alleviating growth penalties associated with MLO disruption.
A recent study found that behavioral treatments can reduce ADHD symptoms and improve behavior in children, but not all children respond equally well. Priority should be given to those with more severe ADHD, conduct disorder symptoms, or from single-parent families, as they are at risk of deterioration without treatment.
A recent study published in Cell found that T cell responses are still robust against the Omicron variant in most individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination, offering protection against severe disease. Booster vaccines can enhance T cell responses, substantially increasing immunity against severe COVID-19.
Rice University scientists have developed a method to extract rare earth elements from fly ash, bauxite residue, and electronic waste using flash Joule heating. This process improves yields and reduces the use of strong acids, making it a more sustainable solution for recycling these materials.
A team of researchers discovered that chance plays a significant role in the formation of individual gut microbiomes, with genetic, diet, and environmental factors influencing the odds of colonization. The study's findings have major implications for treatments like fecal transplants and probiotics.
Researchers at ETH Zurich have successfully replicated the surface structures of the Cynandra opis butterfly using nano-3D printing, enabling the production of structures that generate all visible spectrum colours. This breakthrough could lead to applications in security features, optical technologies, and high-resolution colour displays.
Scientists have developed a new type of ultrafast laser oscillator that generates sub-50 fs pulses with broad spectral widths, exceeding the emission bandwidth of traditional gain media. The technique is pulse-energy and average-power scalable and applicable to other types of gain media.
Researchers at Virginia Tech created a soft robot that can change shape and return to its original configuration using a liquid metal composite. The material combines kirigami-inspired cuts with a metal endoskeleton embedded in rubber, allowing it to morph into different shapes and functions.
A Finnish twin study found that individuals with lower education are more susceptible to the negative effects of cardiovascular risk factors on late-life cognition. The study suggests that higher education can act as a cognitive reserve, helping to mitigate dementia risk.
The American Academy of Otolaryngology has published an updated clinical practice guideline for tympanostomy tubes in children, which provides evidence-based recommendations on patient selection and surgical indications. The guidelines aim to improve the management of middle ear infections and hearing loss in children.
Agricultural researcher Benjamin Schiek developed a mathematical method to better allocate resources across different policies and projects. The method calculates correlations between institutional research projects and strategic objectives, revealing synergies and trade-offs, enabling more informed funding decisions.
Researchers found that triggering superconductivity with a laser pulse involves the same fundamental physics as stable states, suggesting new possibilities for room-temperature superconductivity. This discovery opens a new path toward producing stable devices, as previously thought unlikely.
The World Health Organization's (WHO) initiative to scale up African production of life-saving vaccines is being undermined by pharmaceutical companies. Documents obtained by The BMJ reveal that BioNtech's kENUP Foundation has accused the WHO's technology transfer hub of infringing on patents.
Researchers have developed a new therapeutic approach to block mutated RAS proteins, which are frequently found in cancers. The method, using small molecules, has the potential to work with multiple mutant forms of RAS in various types of cancers, including pancreatic, lung, and colorectal cancers.
Researchers identify two key principles determining reaction specificity in converting CO2 and ethane into synthesis gas or ethylene. The formation energy of the bimetallic catalyst and binding energy between the catalyst and oxygen released from CO2 are crucial in driving reaction selectivity.
A team of astronomers discovered an unusual massive cluster of young galaxies forming in the early universe. The newly found growing galactic metropolis, MAGAZ3NE J0959, consists of at least 38 member galaxies and is about 11.8 billion light-years away from Earth.
The project aims to grow Golden Shiners from eggs to market size within one year using four different strategies. The goals are to serve the bait industry, aquaculture and aquaponics producers, and anglers in Minnesota, while reducing pressure to import bait fish from other states.
Research from Thomas Shohfi at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute found that sell-side analyst reports contain more activist-related language and quantitative information months before hedge fund activists announce their ownership. This is associated with greater stock returns for firm shareholders, highlighting the value of traditional ...
A team of scientists has developed a pioneering approach to combine advances in computer vision with ecological expertise to analyze wildlife populations. By leveraging AI and machine learning algorithms, researchers can extract key features from images and videos to quickly classify species, count individuals, and track behavior.
A first-of-its-kind study from the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing has validated two predictive screeners to identify urban Black men at high risk of developing depression and PTSD after a traumatic injury. The researchers found that these risk markers may share core similarities across populations and countries.
A new study published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society found that more intensive hypertension treatment can delay or prevent strokes in older adults. The analysis of nine clinical trials involving 38,779 adults aged 66-84 showed a significant reduction in stroke risk with more aggressive treatment.
A research team led by University of Adelaide found tangible evidence that Australian elapids arrived by sea rather than land. The study analyzed genomes of two Australian elapids and compared them to marine and semi-marine elapid sea snakes, finding similarities with marine life genes.
A study analyzing over 1 million Swedish Tweets found scant evidence for significant polarization on immigration topics, even after the 2015 refugee crisis. The researchers discovered a shift in sentiment towards more negative tones and fewer neutral tweets after the crisis.
A new poll found that less than half of people aged 50-80 have ever used a health-related app, with those in poor health and lower incomes being even less likely. Only 28% of current users share information with healthcare providers, highlighting the potential for apps to support health behaviors and improve outcomes.
A new study from the University of Texas at Austin found that rapid weight gain in pregnant women during the first and final months may lead to higher body mass index measurements, larger waist circumferences, and higher body fat percentages in their daughters by age 14. Researchers connected patterns of weight change in pregnancy to p...
A recent study by USGS and UPR Mayagüez researchers documented over 300 landslides and severe liquefaction in southern coastal regions after the magnitude 6.4 earthquake. The data provides a valuable resource for Puerto Rico, which lacks an island-wide hazard map for earthquake-triggered landslides or liquefaction.
A team of researchers identified clusters of mutations in the genome that contribute to cancer progression in about 10% of human cancers. These clustered somatic mutations can be used to predict patient survival, with specific hotspots linked to better or worse outcomes for certain types of cancer.
Researchers have gained a deeper understanding of how bacteria use the type VI secretion system to develop toxins for battle. The discovery reveals that toxins are encapsulated in a capsule secured by a cork-like plug, which can be released upon mechanical force.
The team's achievement marks a significant step towards discovering physical phenomena where symmetry breaks down, which could explain the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe. The researchers plan to use the new optical clock to search for time symmetry violation and make large steps towards discovery.
Researchers at University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science found that marine snow particles help remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, contributing to a more efficient carbon cycle. The discovery sheds light on how oxygen deficient zones play a crucial role in the Earth's carbon cycle.
Ronald M. Przygodzki, MD, has been appointed as the new Editor-in-Chief of The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics, succeeding Barbara Zehnbauer, PhD. Dr. Przygodzki brings extensive experience in genomic medicine and molecular diagnostics to the position.
Researchers analyzed the motivations and strategies of over 6,000 long-term weight-loss maintainers, finding that perseverance, consistently tracking food intake, and focusing on health goals were key to success. The study's findings may lead to new approaches in counseling and lifestyle interventions.
Researchers found that sewer slime can accumulate SARS-CoV-2 RNA, which could decompose or slough off later. The slime's ability to hold onto the viral RNA was linked to the number of diagnosed COVID-19 cases in late fall. Further studies are needed to assess its impact on wastewater epidemiology.
Salk researchers have engineered mammalian cells to be activated using ultrasound, a method that paves the way toward non-invasive versions of deep brain stimulation, pacemakers, and insulin pumps. The team found a protein called TRPA1, known for its role in responding to noxious compounds, which also opens in response to ultrasound.
Research found that using media before bed is associated with an earlier bedtime and reduced total sleep time. In contrast, short, focused media sessions in bed were linked to improved sleep quality.
A new study found that 85% of coral reef fish species are overfished due to increasing human demand for seafood. The research team developed a risk analysis framework to provide a blueprint for reducing overfishing and protecting these valuable fish populations.
A comprehensive study has revealed over 7,000 human transcription factor (TF) protein-protein interactions, with most playing important roles in transcriptional regulation. The study identifies groups of TFs with specific biological functions, such as chromatin remodelling and RNA splicing.
Researchers discovered that deficient mitophagy leads to human disease and developed a method to analyze mitochondrial recycling in diseased muscle. Pharmacological activation of mitophagy reversed the progression of mitochondrial muscle disease, offering potential treatment for this condition.
A novel immune-profiling method can return detailed immune cell type proportions using only DNA from blood, potentially allowing for individualized prediction of outcomes in immunotherapy patients. This approach offers the opportunity to ask and answer questions about the immune system in health and disease.
A recent study at Rockefeller University reveals that the FMRP protein plays a dual role in regulating synaptic connections between neurons. It controls protein production in dendrites to strengthen connections, while also regulating gene expression in cell bodies to maintain overall neuron state.
A new study from Los Alamos National Laboratory uses historic epidemic data to estimate transmission rates and under-reported cases. The approach provides a more accurate picture of the pandemic, avoiding overestimation by accounting for asymptomatic carriers.
A new, reliable kill switch has been developed to eliminate genetically modified microbes that pose environmental risks. By inserting multiple kill switches into the microbial DNA, a success rate of one in billion microbes was achieved during experiments.
Prunes have been found to help prevent or delay bone loss in postmenopausal women by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. This is due to their potential to alter the gut microbiome, which can lead to lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and markers of oxidative damage.
Scientists discovered massive sponge gardens thriving on top of seamounts in the Central Arctic Ocean, dominated by sponges that feed on remnants of an extinct fauna. Microorganisms support the sponges in exploiting this fluffy material as a source of food and energy.
A team led by Marianthi Ierapetritou aims to create a blueprint for a more renewable manufacturing future. They will examine existing literature and develop a framework for evaluating alternative products and processes, including their economic, environmental, and market impacts.
A nationwide study is exploring how genomic ancestry, genomic variation, and environmental variation interact to produce traits important for forest tree fitness. Researchers are using whole-genome sequencing data with large-scale networks of replicated common garden experiments.
A new study confirms a tiny mite, Aculus crassulae, shows promise as a biological control agent against the invasive aquatic weed Crassula helmsii in the UK and Europe. The research reveals that A. crassulae favours C. helmsii, reducing its vegetative growth and promoting leaf senescence.
Researchers found that mRNA-vaccinated individuals mounted rapid, broadly reactive immune responses after Omicron breakthrough infection, resulting in mild clinical symptoms. The study suggests that completing the mRNA vaccination series is crucial for protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
A recent study found that protracted inflammation following COVID-19 is strongly linked to long-term changes in lung structure and function. Monitoring patients for signs of inflammation after infection may help identify those at risk of long-term lung problems.
Researchers monitored cell environments for three days, finding significant differences from native conditions. The team aims to develop recommendations on improving culture conditions and reduce environmental instability.
Researchers found that nitrate triggers Salmonella bacteria to switch from a sessile, biofilm lifestyle to a motile, free-swimming lifestyle in the intestine. This switch enables the bacteria to cause active infection and establish transmission to a new host.
A new study by Virginia Commonwealth University researchers finds that triplatin is effective against triple negative breast cancer with high sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) levels. The drug accumulates inside cancer cells, causing damage and slowing tumor growth.
Researchers found that migratory birds, such as bar-tailed godwits and whimbrels, can fly for up to 9 days at a time, more efficiently than previously thought. The birds also demonstrate exceptional meteorological knowledge, adapting their routes to weather systems over long distances.
A Toronto study found that certain probiotic bacteria can alter the function of immune cells and spur cancer growth in pancreatic cancer. Deletion or inhibition of a key protein enabled better treatment sensitivity and more inflammatory T cells, while activation thwarted these effects.
A study by MedUni Vienna found that many cancer patients can build up sufficient immunity against SARS-CoV-2 after the third vaccination. However, patients with blood cancers may not develop protection due to immunosuppressive treatments.
A research group led by Ryuichi Shindou proposes a new phenomenon where magnetic spin and electric charge are converted without energy loss in emergent superfluids of 2D materials. This conversion is made possible by exciton condensates, which exhibit dissipationless supercurrent flows.