A recent study found that cover cropping can reduce the population of Pseudomonas syringae, a common bacterial pathogen affecting agricultural crops. The researchers also discovered an increase in beneficial microbes such as Sphingomonas and Methylobacterium, which have been used as biocontrol agents against pathogens.
Researchers discovered that a large cavity in the discs surrounding evolved binary stars could be evidence of planet formation. The presence of heavy elements on the surface of dying stars suggests that dust particles rich in these elements were trapped by planets, supporting this hypothesis.
Scientists have found evidence that carnosic acid in rosemary can block SARS-CoV-2 infection and reduce inflammation. The compound has been shown to inhibit the powerful inflammatory pathway active in severe COVID-19 and other diseases.
Researchers at KTH Royal Institute of Technology discovered a new way Earth's magnetic field produces plasma jets, which can weaken the planet's first line of defense. The study used NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission satellites to track the formation and origin of these downstream jets.
Researchers found evidence of a comet's fiery destruction at 11 ancient Hopewell archaeological sites across the Ohio River Valley. The study suggests that the event, which occurred around A.D. 252-383, may have contributed to the rapid decline of the Hopewell culture.
This special issue explores research integrity in forensic science, discussing the importance of acknowledging cognitive bias, responsible authorship, and exemplary training. Key findings include the need for thoughtful consideration of relevance to advance forensic science, as well as challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Researchers at TUM discover that intestinal bacteria interact with Paneth cells in the gut mucus layer, leading to chronic inflammation. This finding may lead to new treatments for IBD.
A study published in PLOS Medicine found that pictorial health warnings on sugary drinks reduced parental purchases of these beverages for their children by 17%. The warnings also led to a decrease in calories purchased from sugary drinks and increased parents' feelings of control over healthy eating decisions.
A University of Surrey expert emphasizes the economic case for solar energy, citing IRENA data that shows 61% of US coal capacity costs more to operate than building new renewables. Retiring uneconomic coal plants and replacing them with renewables can save significant costs and reduce emissions.
A study published in Nature Communications found that racial and ethnic minorities in the US were up to three times more likely to be unsure or unwilling to get vaccinated compared to whites. Despite lower willingness, minority populations faced unequal access to vaccines in the US due to a fragmented distribution system.
A comprehensive review found that prediabetes is associated with an increased risk of comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, and chronic kidney disease. The study suggests that prediabetes poses a significant threat to public health due to its rising prevalence worldwide.
A new study by Indiana University researchers found that children exposed to lead in drinking water before age 6 have a higher risk of being reported for delinquency after age 14. The study highlights the need for recognition of risks to children relying on private well water and access to clean drinking water.
Dr. David G. Nichols has been recognized with the inaugural APS Health Equity Award for his outstanding contributions to advancing child and adolescent health, well-being, and equity. He will receive the award during the APS Presidential Plenary at the Pediatric Academic Societies Meeting in Denver.
A new study by Arizona State University and Columbia University reveals that people are more likely to divulge another person's secret when they consider the behavior immoral, often driven by a desire to punish. This phenomenon is specific to secrets, whereas public information is driven by gossiping motivations.
Researchers found a significant association between higher body fat levels, particularly visceral fat, and lower cognitive performance scores among adults. The study of 9,100 participants showed that individuals with higher levels of body fat were more likely to experience cognitive decline.
New research finds the ocean's middle depths are already losing oxygen at unnatural rates and will reach a critical threshold in 2021. Climate change is expected to impact marine ecosystems worldwide, affecting fisheries and other resources.
A comparative trial found that exercise 'prehab' significantly enhanced tumour shrinkage and downstaging in patients with operable oesophageal cancer. The study showed improved skeletal muscle mass, reduced visceral fat, and a stronger immune response in the prehab group compared to conventional care.
Researchers from West Virginia University are developing a new composite transition joint using 3D printing to reduce stress on power plant systems. The goal is to increase the flexibility and reliability of thermal power plants.
Beneficial gut microbes transfer genes to acquire vitamin B12, increasing their ability to survive. This process, called bacterial sex, allows them to form a tube that DNA can pass through to another cell, demonstrating the horizontal gene exchange among microbes.
A KU researcher has received a National Science Foundation CAREER award to investigate how to boost the effectiveness of security operations centers. The goal is to create a framework that tailors automation for operational environments and reflects human involvement in the process.
A computational study finds that Omicron's spike protein has evolved to evade multiple classes of antibodies targeting SARS-CoV-2, even those from vaccinated individuals and monoclonal antibody treatments. The study suggests vaccines still offer protection due to the development of T cell immunity.
Researchers have discovered that a small protein called glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) couples the body's control of blood sugar and blood pressure. This finding could lead to new treatment strategies for patients with hypertension and/or diabetes.
A study published in PLOS Medicine found associations between obesity and various female reproductive conditions. Researchers used Mendelian randomization to investigate causal links between body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and risk of conditions like uterine fibroids and pre-eclampsia.
A team of researchers from the Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, used a mathematical model to examine the implications of intergenerational learning. They found that learning accelerated the evolutionary process, which may assist in designing more efficient hybrid algorithms.
Researchers will use transcriptomics and chemogenetics to identify molecular targets for pain management. The project aims to advance knowledge on pain mechanisms and develop novel therapeutic strategies.
A Texas A&M study found that prenatal exposure to alcohol in males can lead to increased frequency of fetal development issues, including placental inefficiency and growth restriction. The research suggests that male behavior and environmental factors play a role in shaping fetal development beyond just genetics.
Research suggests a strong link between childhood trauma and vaccine hesitancy, with 3 times higher rates among those who experienced 4 or more trauma types. This is associated with lower trust in health services and increased likelihood of flouting COVID-19 restrictions.
A new study found that excess body fat is a risk factor for reduced cognitive function in adults, including processing speed. The association remained even after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors. Maintaining healthy weight and physical activity may help preserve cognitive function and prevent dementia.
A new study by University of Bath researchers suggests that installing solar panels on historic buildings like Bath Abbey could significantly reduce energy bills and carbon emissions. The proposed system would generate around 45 Mega-Watt hours per year, saving approximately 10 tonnes of CO2 emissions annually.
The Experimental Biology 2022 meeting will feature renowned speakers, including Nobel laureates and research pioneers, who will present the latest findings and trends in life sciences. Keynote presentations include talks on vaccine science, navigation, RNA splicing, pharmacology, and cancer classification.
A new method, ONEST, was developed to assess the performance of diagnostic tests with multiple observers. The method helps determine if adding more observers causes agreement to plateau, indicating an unreliable test or a minimum number needed for stable estimation.
A new technique uses compression to reduce data transmission size, allowing for efficient federated learning on wireless devices. The approach has been shown to condense data packets by up to 99%, making it suitable for areas with limited bandwidth.
Researchers use environmental DNA to monitor aquatic species near hydropower facilities, while also developing a novel method for printing full-strength steel components using additive manufacturing. These advancements could lead to more efficient and cost-effective monitoring and renewable energy production.
A new technique combining microwave data with existing computer weather forecast models reduced forecast errors for Hurricane Harvey, improving track, intensity, and rainfall forecasts. This could lead to better warnings and preparedness for tropical cyclone-associated hazards.
Researchers discovered that a hormone called FGF21 suppresses alcohol consumption in primates by altering neural transmission in the brain. This finding provides a mechanism for a liver-to-brain endocrine feedback loop to protect the liver from damage and may lead to potential treatment options for alcohol use disorder.
Research found that viral infections in newborns affect immune system development and microbiome composition, increasing risk of respiratory infections later in life. Early-life viral encounters may set the tone for subsequent non-beneficial host-microbe interactions, affecting long-term respiratory health.
The Columbia Climate School has established the Diamonstein-Spielvogel Fellows program, creating two full tuition fellowships to make the program accessible to high-achieving students. The fellowships aim to train a new generation of students who can address the impacts of climate change on human society.
Researchers at Brown University have developed a new laboratory test model to investigate fibrosis treatments without the use of animals. The model uses human cells and replicates not only the structure of human tissue but also its mechanics, enabling scientists to study the underlying mechanisms of fibrosis and test potential treatments.
A clinical trial has found selinexor to be effective in shrinking tumors in almost a third of patients with recurrent glioblastoma, an aggressive brain cancer. The treatment induced responses in certain patients and allowed some to stay on the medication for over 12 months.
Researchers at Radboud University Medical Center have created reference models for brain development and aging, providing personalized predictions for various brain conditions. These 'brain charts' enable early detection of mental disorders and help stratify subtypes, ultimately improving treatment outcomes.
Researchers found that women in labor with epidural analgesia experienced significantly faster stomach emptying rates compared to those without. This study challenges current guidelines recommending clear liquids only during labor, proposing a reevaluation of fasting practices.
Healthy-looking ochre sea stars have minimal genetic difference from those displaying symptoms of sea star wasting syndrome. The scientists found no significant genetic variation between healthy and sick individuals, raising concerns about the species' resilience in the face of future outbreaks. However, they identified some genomic re...
Archaeologists have found nearly 200 examples of human vertebrae threaded onto reed posts in the Chincha Valley, dating from AD 1450-1650. This distinctive treatment of the deceased has never been documented in the region and suggests a direct, ritualized Indigenous response to European colonialism.
A new study suggests that mass customization can generate higher profits and reduce environmental waste considerably when overproduction is a problem. Customers willing to wait for bespoke clothing can make the fashion industry more environmentally sustainable.
A new study found that degradation due to swidden agriculture leads to reduced native ant species diversity and increased introduced ant species diversity. Closed canopy forests, however, had the highest ant species diversity and were compositionally unique.
Researchers discovered that microbes capable of extracellular electron transfer (EET) are spread through horizontal gene transfer and exist in various environments worldwide. The genes, which enable EET, were found in a wide range of organisms, from deep-sea microbes to human gut bacteria.
A new study highlights the need for a coordinated approach to climate change policies to reduce unintended consequences for African river basins. The research shows that fragmented policies between developed and developing countries can increase vulnerabilities in these regions.
Researchers at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia used deep learning to analyze whole genome sequencing data from African American patients with mental disorders. The model demonstrated over 70% accuracy in distinguishing between disorders and identifying multiple disorders.
A study led by Monterey Bay Aquarium reveals more than half of the ocean surface has experienced extreme heat since 2014, posing a threat to marine ecosystems. The research found that these heat extremes increase the risk of collapse for crucial ecosystems like coral reefs and kelp forests.
Numerical models reveal the factors controlling flat-slab subduction geometry, while 3D digital outcrop scanning enhances geological field mapping. The Cerro Blanco volcanic complex's magmatic evolution and architecture are also investigated.
A team of researchers at UMass Amherst identified the specific genes responsible for growth suppression in maize flowers, including GRASSY TILLERS1 and RAMOSA3. These findings provide insights into the evolution of life on earth and have implications for plant breeding, benefiting humans from apples to corn.
A trial found that parents bought fewer sugary drinks when products displayed pictorial warnings about type 2 diabetes or heart damage. Pictorial warnings are being explored as a strategy to reduce children's intake of sugary drinks and related health outcomes.
Researchers have developed a novel method for detecting viruses like Ebola and SARS CoV-2 using simple, inexpensive, and fast nano-sensors. The Nano2RED technology provides 10 times better sensitivity than existing ELISA tests and can be produced at a cost of around 1 cent per test.
Researchers used a patient's own immune cells to target unique mutations in tumor DNA, leading to measurable tumor shrinkage in 67% of patients with metastatic breast cancer. The approach has potential as a personalized treatment for hormone receptor-positive breast cancers.
A new study found that rural patients rely on primary care physicians and nurses more often, leading to higher copays and out-of-pocket costs for mental health care. The usage gap narrowed over time, but quality and cost of care remained inequitable.
A study led by Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center finds that Black patients with dilated cardiomyopathy have a higher risk of family members being affected. The research analyzed data from 1,220 patients and their relatives, revealing that 39% of Black patients had at least one first-degree family member with the condition.
The collaboration aims to create an interoperable global data ecosystem for rare diseases, accelerating the development of new therapies. This partnership benefits patients, regulators, advocacy stakeholders, researchers, and industry, while expanding C-Path's global capabilities in collaborating on methodologies and technologies.