Research finds a heightened risk of bronchitic symptoms and shortness of breath among young adults exposed to secondhand nicotine vapour from e-cigarettes. Exposure to ultrafine particles, volatile compounds, and metals can harm lung tissue.
The UIC Center for Healthy Work will continue its efforts to improve the health of low-wage workers with a five-year, $7 million grant. Researchers will advance their work with community members and expand collaborations across systems-level partners to empower workers.
A new study found that reducing air pollution can lower dementia risk among older women by decreasing their likelihood of developing dementia. The benefits were consistent despite differences among participants in age, geographic area, socioeconomic background, and other factors.
A Swansea law expert has been awarded €1.5 million to study the impact of deepfakes on public perceptions of user-generated evidence in human rights trials. The project, TRUE, will track changes in trust over time and develop a systematic account of its role in accountability processes.
A team of researchers at George Washington University identified a gene that determines whether ultraviolet iridescence appears in the wings of butterflies. Removing this gene from non-iridescent species leads to UV coloration in their wings, highlighting its critical role in evolutionary differences between species.
A recent Ohio University study provides the first complete estimate of total Antarctic sea ice extent back through the 20th century, revealing unique changes in climate patterns. The research shows a regime shift with increases in sea ice since 1979 and sudden declines throughout the early and middle 20th century.
Research on hybrid threespine stickleback fish found that genetic signatures of hybrid incompatibilities are environment-dependent. Fish raised in ponds had a lower incidence of mismatched genes due to ecological pressures, whereas lab-reared fish showed no difference in heterozygosity.
Researchers at Beckman Institute have defined a mathematical framework for identifying hallucinations in biomedical images. This framework will enable researchers and radiologists to quantitatively assess their image reconstruction methods and prevent patient misdiagnosis.
A recent study found that over half of macroplastics in Mediterranean MPAs originated elsewhere, highlighting the need for international collaboration on plastic pollution management. The study also showed that coastal zones are most impacted by micro- and macroplastic pollution.
A new rapid thermal evaporation method was developed to deposit high-quality CdSe thin films, enabling the creation of efficient CdSe solar cells. The study achieved an efficiency of 1.88% in a Si-based tandem configuration, demonstrating potential for high-performance solar cells.
A UCI-led research team has identified novel functional roles of new circuit connections between the CA1 region and dorsal CA3 regions of the hippocampus. Genetic inactivation of this projection impairs object-related spatial learning and memory, but does not modulate anxiety-related behaviors.
A new graft strategy has reduced chronic graft-versus-host disease in leukemia patients by depleting naïve T cells from donor blood. The approach has shown promising results, with only 7% of patients developing chronic GVHD compared to 30-60% with standard treatment.
A new study reveals that circular waste management systems can effectively reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants, with the potential to eliminate open burning of waste by 2050. The researchers estimate that this could account for almost a quarter of global methane emissions.
A new study found that providing health information in a foreign language can reduce vaccine hesitancy. In a study conducted in Hong Kong, participants who received the same information in Cantonese showed lower willingness to get vaccinated compared to those who received it in English. The researchers suggest that language choice shou...
The first-in-human trial of CAR-M cell therapy demonstrated that engineered macrophages can target and alter the solid tumor microenvironment, altering the composition of myeloid cells and T-cells. This innovative immunotherapy offers a promising new strategy in the fight against cancer.
A new study found high rates of trauma for mothers and babies from forceps and vacuum deliveries, with over 25% of forceps deliveries resulting in severe perineal tears. Researchers call for a reassessment of the safety of these birthing practices.
Research finds that psychological distress among AYA cancer survivors is associated with higher annual medical expenses and greater health care use, including more office visits and prescription medications. The study suggests screening for psychological distress can help mitigate these effects.
New research published in JNeurosci reveals that impaired cognition can be part of normal aging, rather than an early sign of Alzheimer's. Cognitively frail adults showed brain structure and activity similar to healthy controls, suggesting lifestyle factors like physical activity and education may play a role.
Researchers at Penn State developed a new risk score system that uses genetic data to predict obesity in young children. The scores, called polygenic risk scores, can be easily interpreted and have been shown to be effective in identifying children most at risk for developing obesity.
Researchers at Penn State will investigate ways to stimulate muscle growth by increasing ribosome production. Their goal is to find molecular targets that can be used to promote muscle growth without exercise or drugs. This study aims to prevent muscle loss due to aging, cancer, and other chronic diseases.
Researchers found that two commonly used atomic fingerprints, ACSF and SOAP, are insensitive to certain movements, leading to the failure of machine learning in resolving four-body interactions. This limitation affects the accuracy of reproducing these interactions with limited success.
Researchers discover Amazon basin as main mechanism for precipitation in Atacama Desert, accounting for 40-80% of total precipitation. The findings reveal a new pathway of water supply for the driest region on Earth, aside from summer rain, through moist easterly winds and winter storms.
A case series found that a fourth dose of an mRNA-based vaccine increases antispike IgG titers in kidney transplant recipients with weak serologic response after three doses. The researchers noted no safety concerns with the additional dose and suggested its use for such patients.
Researchers discovered that female tobacco hawkmoths opt for plant sites with three-lined potato beetles over uninfested ones, potentially benefiting from the beetle's scent. This unique behavior is a cost-benefit trade-off where avoiding parasitic wasps outweighs the disadvantage of food competition.
The Seattle Flu Study's efforts to conduct COVID-19 testing were hindered by conflicting and uncoordinated regulatory actions. The study highlights the importance of a sustainable surveillance system to inform public health policy makers.
A new study found that translocation renal cell carcinoma (tRCC) is characterized by genetic alterations except for the gene fusion from which it gets its name. The research suggests that tRCCs may be responsive to treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors, providing a potential roadmap for clinical action.
Scientists at Newcastle University have discovered a new genetic mechanism that causes severe forms of male infertility. The study found that new mutations occurring during reproduction play a significant role in this condition. This breakthrough could lead to improved understanding and treatment options for infertile couples.
Researchers from the University of Arkansas have discovered a new species of pangolin in Europe, confirming its existence during the early Pleistocene. The fossil, dated between 1.9-2.2 million years old, is the youngest and best-documented pangolin fossil found in Europe.
Scientists visualized the distribution of atoms in cobalt iron oxide nanoparticles and studied structural changes on the surface during oxygen evolution reaction. The findings provide atomic insights into compositional changes affecting catalytic performance.
A study identified 17 military medical treatment facilities that can provide high-quality obstetric care, including emergency cesarean delivery. This collaboration could reduce preventable maternal mortality and improve care for pregnant patients in rural communities.
The study found that psychotropic drug use was associated with a higher risk of premature death in cardiac patients, particularly those with anxiety. Nearly 1 in 3 cardiac patients had symptoms of anxiety, and the use of these medications was twice as high among anxious patients.
Researchers from the Crump Lab created a series of atlases to study the molecular decisions of cranial neural crest cells, identifying genetic signs that point to specific destinies. Their findings reveal a new approach to understanding head development and regeneration in vertebrates.
MIT physicists detected a hybrid particle composed of an electron and phonon, with a bond 10 times stronger than known hybrids. The discovery could enable scientists to manipulate material properties through dual control, leading to new magnetic semiconductors and ultra-efficient electronics.
A new study suggests there are likely to be rare individuals in the general population who possess a natural talent for visual comparison, comparable to expert forensic scientists. These 'super-matchers' may not even realise they have this skill, but researchers aim to identify and recruit them for future studies.
Daniele Cortecchia wins ERC Starting Grant for innovative photoluminescent materials research, focusing on perovskite synthesis and application in photonics. The project aims to develop new methods for creating tunable optical properties.
Scientists at Baylor College of Medicine identified two rare inherited vitamin B12 conditions that share the same gene but exhibit distinct clinical features. The study found that additional genes, including RONIN and HCFC1, are affected, leading to a more complex syndrome.
Researchers found that even unrelated vaccines can provide cross-protection against multiple pathogens, reducing caseloads and hospital usage. Vaccinating vulnerable populations with other vaccines during the pandemic can have a substantial impact.
Researchers at University of Wisconsin-Madison discovered that increasing Nrf2 gene expression in astrocytes protects neurons from Alzheimer's disease progression. Boosting Nrf2 slowed cognitive and physical decline, reduced beta-amyloid accumulation, and reversed genetic changes in mouse models.
A study by sociologist Dr. Ansgar Hudde found that city dwellers with high education levels cycle significantly more than those living in rural areas, with a strong correlation between education level and bicycle mobility. This trend is attributed to the perceived status and health benefits associated with cycling.
A team of scientists at the University of Missouri used small wearable sensors to gather data on how people with a traumatic hand amputation use a prosthesis versus a transplanted hand. The study found that hand transplant recipients exhibit a more balanced pattern of limb use, while prosthesis users rely heavily on their prosthetic hand.
A new study finds that climate change will lead to an increase in kidney stone cases, even with mitigation efforts. Researchers predict a cost of $57-99 million to the US healthcare system over seven decades, with a steeper impact if no action is taken.
Researchers at the University of Illinois Chicago have developed a new method for analyzing pyroptosis, a process of cell death previously thought to be irreversible. By using optogenetic gasdermin, they found that certain conditions can trigger pores to close within tens of seconds, suggesting the process dynamically self-regulates.
A cross-sectional survey of 21,027 women from 12 European countries found that half experienced negatively affected maternal and newborn care due to the pandemic. Sweden reported serious quality shortcomings, including insufficient protective equipment and inadequate consent procedures.
Scientists have developed a new method called Ladder-seq to extract more information from sequencing data. This allows for better understanding of gene expression and its role in diseases.
Researchers investigated COVID-19 vaccine administration disparities among low-income, diverse populations. The study found significant racial and ethnic inequities in vaccine uptake and access at federally qualified health centers.
Researchers found that a diet rich in butyrate sharply reduced the risk of biliary atresia in mouse pups, and identified glutamine as a key compound with similar protective effects. The findings suggest a potential role for maternal microbiome manipulation in preventing liver disease.
The European Research Council has awarded €619 million in its first research grants under Horizon Europe, supporting 397 early-career researchers from across disciplines. The selected proposals cover a wide range of topics, including medical applications of artificial intelligence and the science of controlling matter with light.
A study published in PNAS reveals that dengue-infected mosquitoes are more attracted to mammals and bite more often, increasing disease transmission chances. The research found that infected mosquitoes have difficulty locating blood vessels for feeding, leading to increased biting attempts and transmission events.
Researchers used artificial intelligence to predict which bat species are likely to carry betacoronaviruses, including SARS-like viruses. The study found that machine learning models can optimize wildlife sampling for undiscovered viruses and identified over 400 potential hosts globally.
The £10m Leverhulme Centre for the Holobiont aims to map associations between microbes and higher organisms to understand how they support each other. This knowledge can help manipulate the relationship to save species from extinction, grow crops more efficiently and restore habitats.
Scientists demonstrated experimental realization of an atom-optically synthetic gauge field in a noninteracting Bose gas of Cs atoms. They observed gauge flux-dependent populations and chiral atomic currents, which are significant for understanding gauge fields in synthetic dimensions.
A study by University of Exeter scientists found that pheasants' heads cool rapidly before a fight, indicating a stress response. After the confrontation, their heads heat up again as normal blood flow is restored.
Researchers have found that special treatment of minerals called zeolites can efficiently remove methane from the air, with advantages over other methods. The process converts methane into carbon dioxide, which is less impactful in the atmosphere than methane.
A study by University of Leeds researchers found that compulsory mask wearing in Bangladesh led to an increase in mobility and a rise in COVID-19 cases. The study analyzed Google community mobility data and found statistically significant evidence of risk compensation, where people adopted riskier behavior if they felt safer with masks.
The UniSA-designed algorithm helps robots navigate paths without collisions, outperforming existing algorithms in simulations. It can direct robots to stop, turn, or reverse direction to avoid obstacles, with potential applications in industrial warehouses, agriculture, and more.
A new procedure uses high-intensity pulses of light to dramatically accelerate the removal of organic micropollutants from water. The treatment can degrade pollutants at extraordinary rates, making it an ideal solution for high-throughput water treatment applications.
Researchers successfully reprogrammed a mouse spleen to perform liver functions without transplanting cells or tissue from another body. The study demonstrates the potential of transforming an existing organ to perform liver functions, avoiding safety issues associated with traditional methods.
The study proposes a novel nonequilibrium mechanism for allosteric regulation of motor switching, based on precise measurement of the bacterial flagellar motor's switching dynamics at stall. This mechanism has implications for other molecular motors and explains dynamic properties under all loads uniformly.
Researchers at USTC create flexible electronic systems using thermoplastic polyurethane and liquid metal, enabling high-performance, stretchable, and reconfigurable devices. The technology addresses environmental and energy concerns with recyclability and reconfigurability.
Research confirms that fish become sexually active and spawn due to growth-induced respiratory stress. The study found a consistent metabolic ratio across 133 species of fish, which supports the idea that reproduction is initiated by changes in oxygen supply and demand.