Scientists used a portable X-ray fluorescence device to date 12,000-year-old rock art in Idaho, Wyoming, and Montana. The analysis confirmed the age of petroglyphs created between 12,000-10,000 years ago with high accuracy.
Researchers analyzed the exoplanet WASP-189b's atmosphere, discovering distinct layers with varying characteristics. The study reveals the importance of considering three-dimensional atmospheric structures in understanding exoplanets.
A new study published in Clinical Nutrition found that drinking less than the UK's recommended 14 units of alcohol per week increases the risk of cardiovascular events. Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a 23% increased risk of suffering a cardiovascular event for every additional 1.5 pints of beer consumed.
A recent study discovered that a hydrothermal crater lake in Costa Rica's Poás volcano is home to a diverse range of microorganisms, including the single 'extremophile' genus Acidiphilium. These bacteria have adapted to survive in extreme conditions, such as high temperatures and toxic metals, which may be similar to those found on Mars.
Researchers from Goethe University and the University of Bristol analyzed prehistoric pots and found complex distributions of plant lipids, indicating the processing of various plant species. The study reveals that leafy greens were first used in West African cuisine around 3,500 years ago.
Researchers at EPFL's School of Life Sciences discovered that blocking sphingolipid synthesis can reverse the symptoms of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, including loss of muscle function and inflammation. This study identifies sphingolipid inhibition as a potential treatment for muscular dystrophies.
The study reveals that the Tropical easterly jet significantly modulates tropical cyclone genesis over the western North Pacific. The intensified WP_TEJ results in strong northerly winds, inducing large-scale divergence and upward motion that favors deep convection and TC formation.
A study published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention found that rural residents are more likely to think fatally about cancer and feel information overload compared to urban adults. Lower education levels were associated with increased fatalism and information overload.
Half-Heusler compounds have been a focus of thermoelectric research, but n-type HH materials have lagged behind in improvements due to conduction band limitations. Researchers engineered conduction band convergence through orbital chemistry, boosting Seebeck coefficient and suppressing lattice thermal conductivity.
A study of 236,000 individuals found patient- and prescription-related factors significantly linked to opioid-related fatal or nonfatal overdose. The research highlights the need for careful prescribing practices and post-discharge follow-up to prevent such overdoses.
Researchers developed a new 'two-step' magnet design strategy to standardize permanent magnet blocks, improving assembly accuracy and reducing technical barriers. The design enables mass production of identical cubic magnet blocks, which can be arranged in Halbach arrays for higher field strength.
A study published in Neuron suggests that oligodendrocytes and immune cells may play a crucial role in multiple sclerosis (MS) development. The research found that genetic mutations near immune genes can activate nearby genes in oligodendrocytes, potentially leading to misfunction and MS risk.
Researchers at KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stanford University have developed a material that enables the commercial viability of neuromorphic computers mimicking the human brain. The material, MXene, combines high speed, temperature stability, and integration compatibility in a single device.
Scientists have recorded high levels of atmospheric mercury pollution in a pristine patch of the Peruvian Amazon due to illegal gold mining. Mature Amazonian forests near gold mining are capturing huge volumes of atmospheric mercury, more than any other ecosystem previously studied.
A study found that thawing permafrost in the Arctic releases large amounts of previously unaccounted-for carbon dioxide, amplifying global warming. The research team determined that up to 80% of this CO2 comes from ancient organic matter and 18% from inorganic sources.
University of Limerick professor J Calvin Coffey's groundbreaking research reveals the fundamental order of the abdomen, organizing all contents into two compartments. This simplicity explains behaviors of viral and bacterial infections, cancer, and other diseases.
Scientists at Georgia Tech Research Institute have demonstrated a new approach for transporting trapped ion pairs through a single laser beam to create entangled qubits. This method reduces the need for multiple optical switches and complex controls, potentially simplifying quantum systems.
Researchers have discovered live cells in human breast milk, which may provide insights into breast cancer development and improve breastfeeding outcomes. The study, led by Dr. Alecia-Jane Twigger, found that these living cells can be used to study mammary gland function and identify potential early indicators of future breast cancer.
A study at the University of Helsinki identified a link between early sexual maturation and improved aerobic performance in juvenile salmon. Genetic variations associated with early maturity were found to enhance basal metabolism and energy production, leading to better overall performance.
In a nascent market, high-reputation underwriters choose low-quality IPO firms due to higher fees, while long-term reputation concerns are sacrificed. As regulations strengthen, their client-picking behaviors adapt, prioritizing high-quality firms over fee-driven choices.
A new algorithm can determine patients' liver cancer risk in a single examination, providing an efficient screening method for those at high risk. The tool uses blood values and liver stiffness to identify individuals with a higher likelihood of developing hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatitis C treatment.
A comprehensive study investigates the metabolism of four drugs in rabbit eyes, revealing different enzyme profiles from liver metabolism. The findings provide valuable information for advancing ophthalmic drug development.
Researchers found that macrophages feed on lactic acid produced by cancer cells, paralyzing killer immune cells and weakening tumour immunity. This discovery highlights the need to curb lactic acid production in tumours to improve immunotherapy outcomes.
A new model using Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics has been developed to accurately determine the post-mortem interval (PMI) in human skeletal remains. This non-destructive technique provides valuable information for forensic medicine and anthropology, improving reliability and accuracy.
Researchers have identified Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 47 (USP47) as a novel therapeutic target for treating cancers with mutant EZH2. Inhibition of USP47 selectively degrades mutant EZH2, potentially overcoming resistance to current treatments.
The study examines changes in mental health care and telemedicine use among over 650,000 Medicare patients with severe mental illness during the pandemic. The findings highlight significant disruptions in care, leading to reduced access to essential services.
Researchers from Hefei Institutes of Physical Science have obtained the first high-resolution slow photoelectron spectrum of sulfuric acid (H2SO4), revealing three electronic states and dissociation into HSO3+ and OH fragments. The findings provide fundamental data for in-depth understanding of atmospheric nucleation mechanism.
Scientists have developed a way to create synthetic dimensions using light, allowing for more degrees of freedom in manipulating properties. The breakthrough enables the fabrication of compact devices with reduced complexity, opening up new possibilities for advanced technologies.
A recent study published in the KeAi journal found that commercial banks continue to view small merchant renewable energy projects as risky, despite the trend towards 'greening of banks'. Government banks in the Philippines were more open to providing credit to these developers, highlighting the need for innovative financing solutions.
Researchers discovered a new parasite, Txikispora philomaios, which evolved shortly after the common ancestor of animals and fungi, before its multicellularity was developed. The study provides insights into how animal multicellularity developed through cell communication and specialization.
Researchers at University of Gothenburg and Umeå University discovered a link between blood levels of neurofilaments and ALS diagnosis. Blood tests can differentiate ALS from other diseases, offering new opportunities for screening and measuring neurofilaments.
A recent study by researchers at Hefei Institutes of Physical Science found that local ozone generation was greatly underestimated under high NOx conditions. They observed higher HOx levels using a self-developed instrument and attributed the discrepancy to complex carbonyls-related oxidation under elevated photochemistry.
Researchers identified water molecules' impact on protein dynamics and drug target residence time, suggesting that a long target residence time can be important for drug efficacy. This understanding enables more rational drug design in the early stages of drug discovery projects.
A new UC Riverside-led study found that people tire from repetitive questions and tend to give similar answers, leading to unreliable data in surveys. To improve accuracy, researchers suggest using process-tracing and ensemble methods with multiple measurement techniques.
Researchers developed a new type of solar-thermally enhanced supercapacitor that boosts energy storage capacity by 4.8 times in low temperatures, while maintaining capacitance retention rate of 85.8%.
Researchers at NYU Tandon have discovered the mechanical basis for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), a complex vascular disease. They identified Piezo1, a novel culprit of mechanically fatigued aorta in AAA, and found that inhibition of Piezo1 prevents mice from developing AAA by alleviating pathological vascular remodeling.
A new study published in PNAS reveals that border walls damage a country's international image, with real implications for soft power. The study found that participants had negative perceptions of countries with border walls, regardless of their political views or distance from the border.
A CU Boulder-led study reveals that immersive undergraduate research experiences like RECCS can fundamentally shift students' reading patterns when tackling scientific material. Students who participated in the 9-week program demonstrated expert-like behavior when analyzing graphs and academic papers.
Researchers from Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics developed a highly efficient Z-scheme OWS system, achieving benchmarked apparent quantum efficiency and solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiency over particulate inorganic semiconductor photocatalysts driven by visible light. The system utilizes Ir as reduction cocatalyst and ...
Researchers evaluated reimbursement fund distribution to healthcare professionals and facilities for uninsured patients with COVID-19, highlighting key disparities. The study found significant variations in funding allocation across different regions and provider types, affecting treatment access for vulnerable populations.
A study led by RCSI researchers found that almost half of tumours with metastatic breast cancer in the brain have changes in DNA repair pathways, making them vulnerable to PARP inhibitor drugs. This discovery opens up potential novel treatment strategies for patients with limited targeted therapy options.
A recent University at Buffalo-led study found that nearly 1 in 7 COVID patients in ICU experienced severe bleeding when given full-dose blood thinners. The research compared the safety and effectiveness of two blood clot treatment strategies, finding that a smaller dose was equally effective but carried less bleeding risk.
A study led by Clemson University geneticist Allison Hickman has identified 11 high-priority genes associated with uterine cancer. These genes are potential targets for drug therapies, offering new hope for effective treatment options.
A joint HKUST-University of Tokyo research team discovered that sodium chloride (table salt) exhibits anomalous behavior at its zero-dimensional corner, showcasing a 'higher-order' topology. This finding may inspire future designs for nanoscale conducting quantum wires and novel drug delivery methods.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed a new approach to detect cancer biomarkers in human serum, reducing the detection time from hours to just one minute. This method uses magnetic-plasmonic nanoparticles and photonic resonator absorption microscopy to achieve high selectivity and rapid sample-to-answer analysis.
A study by RAND Corporation researchers found that most physicians in group practices owned by health systems are paid primarily based on the volume of care they provide, rather than quality and value. Only a small fraction of total physician compensation is tied to performance-based financial incentives.
Researchers at Oregon State University have identified two hemp compounds that can block the coronavirus from entering human cells. Preclinical trials are expected to begin within a few months, and the study's findings suggest these compounds may be effective against variants of SARS-CoV-2.
A new smartphone app and lab kit can rapidly detect COVID-19 and flu viruses, providing a platform for inexpensive home-based testing. The system uses a smartphone's camera to measure a chemical reaction, achieving accurate diagnosis in 25 minutes at a fraction of the cost of current diagnostic methods.
A study of 2.5 million adults found that hospital readmission rates among dual-eligible Medicare patients differ significantly across states and communities. The research highlights the need for targeted interventions to address these disparities and improve health outcomes.
Scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory created tiny electrically conductive cubes that interact with light and organize them in patterned structures to confine and relay electromagnetic signals. The cubes support collective waves of electrons, called plasmons, with the same frequency as light waves but with much tighter confinement.
The study reveals the presence of titanium oxide in the atmosphere of WASP-189b, a hot gas giant planet 322 light years from Earth. The researchers used high-resolution spectroscopy to analyze the exoplanet's atmosphere, finding a layered type of chemistry that suggests three-dimensional effects and winds play a crucial role.
Researchers developed a novel high-performance anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE) technology that significantly improves durability and performance while lowering production costs. The new technology achieved a record cell performance of 7.68 A/cm2 and has the potential for large-scale commercialization.
Researchers used a new method to study phonons and electrons in cuprates, resolving the basis for high-temperature superconductivity. The method, developed by Clemson University's Yao Wang, enabled accurate calculations of electron-phonon coupling and its impact on neighboring electrons.
Researchers have designed six new psychedelic analogues that don't trigger hallucinations, displaying effective antidepressant activity in mice. The findings provide a solid foundation for the development of safe and effective non-hallucinogenic antidepressants.
A new intranasal flu vaccine constructed with nanoparticles has been shown to offer strong protection against different influenza virus strains in mice. The vaccine elicited multifaceted immune responses, leading to robust cross-protection and long-lasting defense.
A study of 16 US cities found a historic level of job losses associated with an increase in firearm violence and homicide during the COVID-19 pandemic. Low-income households were disproportionately affected, with low-wage workers losing jobs at five times the rate of middle-wage workers.
A new study reveals that histone H3.3 plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of blood stem cells, leading to abnormalities when deleted. The protein anchors key epigenetic marks at developmental genes and endogenous retroviruses, contributing to an inflammatory response and skewed produ...
The void-confinement effect of a hollow carbon sphere and inner Ni nanoparticles boosts the selectivity of furfural conversion, with 100% conversion and 99% cyclopentanone selectivity achieved. The catalyst's stability is also improved compared to traditional active carbon supported catalysts.
A £5.6m joint investment will drive cutting-edge research into smart homes, connected devices, remote monitoring, and health models for older adults to live independently. The deal aims to create new jobs, skills, and tech start-ups in the region.
Researchers measured oxygen transport in deep ocean currents, finding that half of atmospheric oxygen is injected into boundary current over 5 months. The findings have implications for climate models and the impact of Arctic changes on the Labrador Sea's 'breathing' process.
A novel blood test, Stockholm3, in combination with MRI reduces overdiagnosis of low-risk cancers by 60% and unnecessary biopsies by 9%. This cost-effective approach is recommended for Sweden's organized prostate cancer testing (OPT) pilot projects.
This book provides a fundamental understanding of the physical, biological, and chemical processes governing fine sediment transport in open water. It covers various spatial and temporal scales, from micro-scale to system-wide, and discusses interactions between disciplines such as hydrodynamics and soft soil mechanics.