A symmetrical, 2x3 km buried formation in Qatar suggests evidence of a sedentary civilization with advanced engineering skills. The site's unique soil composition and landscaping point to irrigation systems and crop cultivation.
Researchers found that Yin and Yang bats have unique inner ear structures that enable distinct styles of echolocation. This discovery provides the first anatomical evidence for these differences, confirming previous genetic findings.
Researchers from Karolinska Institutet developed a novel method to diagnose constant tinnitus using auditory brainstem responses (ABR). The study found that people with occasional tinnitus are at increased risk of developing constant tinnitus, while those with existing constant tinnitus are more likely to experience persistent symptoms.
Cornell researchers have successfully trained various physical systems, including mechanical, optical, and electrical systems, to perform machine learning tasks. The developed training algorithm enables diverse systems to be chained together for efficient processing.
A new study by WVU researcher William Walker found that the blood-brain barrier is dynamic and more receptive to chemotherapy at night. This could lead to better treatment outcomes for patients with brain metastasis.
A University of Arizona-led team combined tree-ring data with forest inventory measurements to predict future tree growth. The researchers found a 56-91% decline in individual tree growth, leading to less carbon sequestration by Arizona's forests.
Researchers found that Russians tend to believe more unusual drawings are creative, while Emirati participants value familiarity. Despite cultural differences, both groups evaluated Russian participants' work as more aesthetically pleasing.
Researchers analyzed 23,000-year-old fisher-hunter-gatherer camp remains near the Sea of Galilee, finding a diverse diet and lifestyle that defies previous expectations. The site's abundance of animal bones reveals a robust subsistence strategy that utilized varied food sources.
Researchers found that chat box interactions supported clinicians' needs for trustworthy information, practical resources, and affirmation, creating a community for connection and validation. The study highlights the importance of meeting clinician needs during public health crises for primary care to reach its full potential.
Researchers found that non-mutated Apolipoprotein E was strongly enriched in dementia patients' brains, correlating with dementia diagnosis. Even those without the disease-driving APOE ε4 allele showed significant levels of ApoE peptides.
A recent study by Gladstone Institutes researchers found that mouse stem cells can spontaneously transition from heart cell precursors to brain cell precursors when a specific gene is removed. This discovery upends current understanding of how stem cells differentiate into adult cells and maintain their identity. The study's findings h...
Researchers are developing new methods to identify and characterize unknown proteins, including those with multiple forms and modifications. Artificial intelligence-based tools are also helping predict protein structures and functions, providing clues to their roles in health and disease.
Researchers have discovered that a bacteria-fighting mechanism in the immune system, NETs, can manipulate beneficial Th17 cells into harmful autoimmune responders. This finding opens doors to developing targeted therapies for multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune conditions.
A recent study found that adding a booster dose of any COVID-19 vaccine to fully vaccinated adults elicits an immune response and is safe. The trial, sponsored by the NIAID, used 458 adults who received a full regimen of any EUA or approved COVID-19 vaccine.
A research team has developed a new cancer treatment that targets lymph nodes using a prodrug that selectively reacts with glutathione to release nitric oxide. In a metastasis mouse model, the mice treated with the drug showed significantly reduced weight of metastatic cancer cells and improved survival rates.
The Omicron variant diverged from previous variants through adaptive evolution, with more than 30 mutations in its spike protein. The team found evidence of positive natural selection and partial immune evasion contributing to its rapid spread.
Government actions, such as road travel restrictions, significantly reduced NO2 concentrations and deaths in Europe. The study estimated that more than 800 deaths were avoided due to improved air quality.
A study found that 31.4% of trauma patients at Hospital das Clínicas in São Paulo, Brazil, tested positive for psychoactive substance use, including alcohol (23%), cocaine (12%), and marijuana (5%). The study contributes to the development of public policies to prevent accidents.
A meta-analysis found that women with high-risk myocardial infarction experience increased hospitalization and mortality rates due to smoking, whereas no significant interaction was observed for mortality in the overall study sample. The study suggests intensified preventive strategies are necessary for this population.
A new study has revealed the dynamics of DNA replication 'licensing,' a process that regulates genome replication during cell division. The researchers found that heterochromatin regions are more susceptible to under-replication and DNA damage when the G1 phase is shortened, potentially leading to genomic instability in cancer cells.
Researchers found that Asian American individuals are at higher risk for skin cancer due to genetic predisposition and environmental factors. The study emphasizes the need for targeted screening among this population to prevent skin cancer deaths.
Researchers compared microscopic inner ear structures of two main bat groups, revealing extra neurons and specialized ear structures that align with a split in bat evolution. This discovery provides the first physical evidence to support genetic data on the split of bats into two major groups.
Scientists at Osaka University demonstrated the ability to generate gigagauss magnetic fields via gyro motion of relativistic electrons, with polarity reverse occurring instantly. The study, published in Scientific Reports, reveals a new mechanism for magnetic field growth and amplification.
Researchers have created a range of permanent hair dyes that avoid the allergenic properties of traditional formulations, producing a range of hues from rosy pinks to deep blacks. The new dyes were found to be less reactive toward proteins and generated a reduced inflammatory response in cells compared to PPD.
Researchers have developed a lethal hamster model for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. The transgenic hamsters express human ACE2 protein, leading to severe disease, including weight loss, lung injury, and brain infection.
A 2°C warming would lengthen summer by 20 to 21 days in mid-latitude regions like East Asia, the Mediterranean, and USA, resulting in 111 to 112 days of summer. Limiting warming to 1.5°C reduces summer season lengthening by 12 to 13 days.
Researchers discovered a small fraction of diatom cells participate in sexual reproduction, while others block growth and reduce nutrient absorption. This phenomenon occurs in nutrient-rich conditions, representing a paradox for microalgae that usually compete for resources.
Scientists at EPFL have developed a novel method to convert banana peels into valuable hydrogen and solid-carbon biochar through flash pyrolysis using a Xenon lamp. This innovative technique generates around 100 liters of hydrogen per kg of dried biomass, making it a promising renewable energy solution.
A team of scientists developed an AI-based model to predict personal thermal comfort based on spatial parameters, achieving exceptional accuracy. The study highlights the importance of incorporating architectural features in models to reduce energy consumption.
Scientists develop blue LEDs based on metal halide perovskite with asymmetrical bridges to hold layers together, creating a more stable structure. This breakthrough solves the halide segregation problem and brings perovskite LEDs closer to commercialization.
A powerful Sandia National Laboratories supercomputer simulation model called SNAP captures the melting of diamond under extreme pressures and temperatures, cracking and recrystallizing its rigid carbon lattice. The work could aid understanding of carbon-based exoplanets and has implications for nuclear fusion efforts.
Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology have created a hydrogen-rich lanthanum hydride that shows high hydride ion conductivity even at room temperature. The material's unique properties make it an ideal candidate for efficient chemical reactors and energy storage systems.
Researchers at the University of Minnesota have identified a natural colorant derived from plant nectar, which has been shown to attract pollinators. The discovery, known as nesocodin, has significant implications for the food and textile industries, where synthetic colorants are currently relied upon.
A new sequencing technique called 2bRAD-M has been developed to accurately identify species-level information from low-biomass and degraded microbiome samples. The method uses restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) to produce high-resolution profiles of bacteria, archaea, and fungi down to the level of species.
Researchers at Ehime University synthesized a wing-shaped HPHAC dimer with stable redox properties. The study found enhanced aromaticity in the 3D space surrounded by two HPHACs in the tetracationic species, due to magnetic and electronic interactions.
The team used high pressure and synchrotron X-ray experiments to analyze the crystal's structure, finding a unique ladder-like pattern of vanadium-vanadium dimers at temperatures below 500K. This arrangement may enable the creation of new magnetic or electrical functions in similar materials.
A new study reveals the Beta variant of SARS-CoV-2 can elicit a wide range of antibodies effective against both Delta and Omicron variants. The findings suggest that vaccination strategies could be improved by leveraging this broad immunity.
The CHAMPS program, a multi-year quality improvement initiative in Mississippi, increased breastfeeding rates by 10 percentage points overall, with significant gains among Black mother-baby dyads. Rooming-in practices also improved, leading to reduced infant mortality and morbidity.
Researchers at UC Riverside have identified a new host protein interaction in chickens that triggers a strong immune response against viral infections. The discovery sheds light on the differences between bird and human immune responses to zoonotic viruses.
Researchers at Virginia Tech found that people with 'slow' life-history strategies, focusing on future rewards, exhibited positive behaviors and were more likely to be in remission. In contrast, those with 'fast' life-history strategies, prioritizing immediate rewards, faced greater challenges during recovery.
A randomized controlled trial of combinatorial pharmacogenetics testing found no significant improvement in depressive symptoms among adolescents with depression. However, the study suggests that testing results may influence physician decision-making and could be useful in specific cases where individual gene-drug pairs impact clinica...
Tamás Hausel and Nigel Hitchin develop a new theory on Higgs bundles, connecting combinatorial, differential, and algebraic geometry to particle physics. The theory provides insight into the representation theory of Lie groups and could lead to new insights in mathematical physics.
Researchers developed a tool to determine the minimum quantum computer size needed to solve problems like breaking Bitcoin encryption and simulating molecules. The estimated requirement ranges from 30 million to 300 million physical qubits, suggesting Bitcoin is currently safe from a quantum attack.
The study analyzed mortar samples, revealing three construction phases: one during Pompey's time (55 BC), another under Augustus (19 BC), and a final stage during the early medieval period. The composition of the samples indicated different quarries were used for each phase.
Researchers developed an AI system that can analyze retinal scans to identify patients at high risk of a heart attack over the next year. The system uses deep learning techniques and achieves an accuracy of 70-80%, revolutionizing the way patients are screened for signs of heart disease.
A new study by Washington State University scientists reveals that viral proteins interact with each other to disable plant defenses, allowing viruses to hijack their hosts. When some of these proteins are disabled, the virus cannot move from cell to cell, highlighting a promising approach to prevent crop losses.
Researchers at Barts Cancer Institute made a breakthrough finding that blocking PKN2 in healthy cells around tumours can change their behavior, potentially leading to new treatments for pancreatic cancer. Fibroblasts, highly mobile and invasive cells, may play both positive and negative roles in cancer progression.
A Boston gym's anti-racism program has effectively shifted views on race and class, according to a study by University at Buffalo researcher Christopher St. Vil. The program utilizes intergroup contact theory, which suggests that contact between different racial and class groups can reduce bias and prejudice.
Researchers from KTU proposed a deep-learning-based method for 3D human shape reconstruction using limited-angle depth data. The method can be integrated with existing virtual reality tools and has potential applications in telemedicine and remote diagnostics.
Researchers have determined the precise structural changes in omicron's spike protein, which allows it to evade antibodies against previous variants. The findings provide a blueprint for designing new countermeasures, such as vaccines or therapeutics, against omicron and future coronavirus variants.
Researchers at Rice University have discovered that the Lefty protein plays a crucial role in regulating Nodal signaling during embryonic development. By visualizing the interaction between Nodal and Lefty, they found that cells relay the signal to produce new Nodals, triggering a wave of differentiation. This study provides new insigh...
A study by ICTA-UAB suggests that microplastic levels in the Mediterranean Sea are likely higher than previously estimated due to the limitations of current sampling methods. The researchers emphasize the need for a common framework to compare results and combine methods to better understand the distribution and impacts of microplastics.
A team of scientists from the University of Science and Technology of China developed an oxide-derived Cu catalyst with a superior Cu(100)/Cu(111) interface, which displayed high Faradaic efficiency during CO2 reduction reaction. The interface played a critical role in C-C coupling and exhibited superior catalytic performance.
Researchers developed a novel multi-organoid system to simulate the human liver-islet axis, enabling 3D co-culture of hiPSC-derived organoids for up to 30 days. The system exhibited cooperative interaction between liver and islet organoids, reflecting the dynamic interplay among organs in type 2 diabetes.
A new study found that seafloor sediments can transmit a deadly pathogen to local corals, contributing to the persistence of a devastating coral disease outbreak. Coastal construction activities like dredging and beach renourishment may further spread the disease.
Researchers found a distinct microbial profile associated with long COVID symptoms, including fatigue, muscle weakness, and insomnia. Patients with long COVID had a less diverse and abundant gut microbiome compared to those without the condition.
A large English study found that people hospitalized for COVID-19 are more than twice as likely to die or be readmitted in the next several months compared to the general population. These findings highlight the need for increased monitoring of COVID-19 patients after discharge and raise awareness of potential complications.
Researchers found a surprising and active microbial community in deep, hot subseafloor sediment samples. The microbes thrive under conditions that suggest temperatures near the limit for life, with high metabolic rates per cell.
A 100-million-year-old cockroach fossil provides insights into its sensory organs, which suggest the species lived in bright environments during the day. The study found that the extinct species had well-developed eyes and a unique pattern of receptors on its antenna, indicating it may have used these to communicate between sexes.
Researchers create intelligent material that automatically controls heat transmission, enabling thermal insulation at low temperatures while dissipating excess heat during overheating. The study reveals a promising model for building thermal fields, providing new avenues for designing smart reactors for green chemical industries.