A team of researchers has identified a single nucleotide mutation that confers resistance to cassava mosaic disease, which causes significant yield losses worldwide. This discovery has implications for improving cassava yields and sustaining farmer income, and could also shed light on disease-resistance in other major crops.
A new study found that individual memory details are parsed and stored in the prefrontal cortex, while overall experiences are stored in the hippocampus. This separation enables efficient recall of memories triggered by specific cues.
A recent study discovered that brain inflammation may be a key link between Alzheimer's disease risk and sleep disturbance. The research found that age-related increases in brain inflammation can disrupt fast sleep spindles, which are crucial for long-term memory retention. This disruption contributes to age-related memory impairment i...
A new study found that most patients with pancreatic cancer diagnosed through regular screenings had early-stage disease, leading to long-term survival. The study suggests that surveillance programs can help detect precancerous conditions and cancers early, when they are most treatable.
Researchers at University of Zurich found that the presence of parents and caregivers mitigates pandemic's negative effects on social development in infants. Infants born during COVID-19 pandemic exhibit similar social behavior as same-aged infants before pandemic, with no significant behavioral differences detected.
Researchers in China have developed new techniques for monitoring and predicting earthquake precursors using satellite observation and ground-based methods. These methods include earth resistivity, magnetotelluric, geomagnetic, and geoelectric field observations, as well as EM radiation and satellite observation.
Researchers developed an iron oxide-based ultraviolet-absorbing powder material, which can neutralize UV radiation and is safer than titanium dioxide. The material was found to have comparable performance and stability to TiO2 materials currently used in sunscreens.
Scientists at UC Davis have successfully produced COVID-19 antibodies in hen eggs, which may be used as a preventative measure or treatment for people exposed to the disease. The antibodies, similar to those found in human blood, were shown to neutralize the virus effectively.
Researchers at PPPL have discovered a mechanism that causes the temperature to flatten or even decrease in the center of the plasma, despite increased heating power. This finding addresses a long-standing mystery and has significant implications for fusion research and development.
A study found that widely-used kidney function tests are inaccurate for predicting kidney disease in African populations, suggesting a significant underestimation of kidney disease prevalence. The creatinine-based test was shown to be less effective due to unique biological characteristics in African populations, while the cystatin C t...
Researchers developed a new method to quickly screen large numbers of molecules for activity against the nsp13 protein, which is essential for viral replication. The approach identified six promising compounds as potential starting points for antiviral drug development.
A new study found that subtle brainwaves detectable with EEG are the strongest predictor of eventual recovery for brain-injured patients who appear unresponsive. Covert consciousness, detectable through customized artificial intelligence software, is linked to higher and faster rates of recovery.
A study of preterm infants found that those who received more maternal milk in early life had better academic achievement, higher IQs, and reduced ADHD symptoms. Higher intake of maternal milk was also associated with improved reading and math scores.
Researchers analyzed data from 11 populations of adults totaling nearly 400,000 men and women, finding no correlation between refined grain intake and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. In contrast, total grain intake was consistently associated with a lower risk of T2D.
A study found that disruptions in brain sphingolipid metabolism lead to neuronal damage and neurodegeneration in animal models, revealing a new molecular perspective on Gaucher's disease. The research also shows that neuronal activity triggers the production of glucosylceramide, a key factor in the development of this disorder.
The WHO advises against the use of colchicine and fluvoxamine for treating non-severe COVID-19, citing insufficient evidence and potential harms. No recommendation is made for these drugs in patients with severe or critical illness.
Scientists have developed a new class of antidiabetic drugs called Adipeutics that specifically target adipocytes to restore glucose uptake. This therapy has shown promising results in animal models and holds potential for addressing not only type 2 diabetes but also related medical conditions.
A virtual reality app called oVRcome has been shown to reduce symptoms of five common phobias, including fear of flying and needles, by 75% in a six-week trial. The app uses exposure therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy to help patients build up their tolerance to their phobias.
Carnegie Mellon University, Johns Hopkins University, and New York University team up with a $3 million NSF grant to develop Project ELEVATE, promoting equitable STEM career advancement for underrepresented faculty. The alliance aims to create a collaborative community for institutional change at private research institutions.
A new study reveals that climate change is affecting Andean glaciers in sync with polar ice, suggesting the entire planet is connected. Researchers used sediment deposits from Lake Junín to create a record of glacial changes spanning 700,000 years.
A phase 3 clinical trial found that patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis treated with rituximab had a five-fold lower risk of relapse compared to those receiving standard dimethyl fumarate treatment. Rituximab also showed fewer new MS plaques on magnetic resonance imaging.
A study of Emergency Department leaders found they are motivated to provide high-quality care but disagree on the best approach. Researchers emphasize the importance of early recognition and treatment, highlighting the need for actionable guidelines and education in pediatric sepsis care.
The Indiana Training Program in Public and Population Health Informatics provides advanced training in data and information systems to improve population health. Trainees work with renowned researchers and partners to develop practical skills in informatics methods and strengthen public health interventions.
Researchers found that patients with isolated distal DVT had lower co-morbidity burden, lower risk of mortality, and fewer pulmonary embolism cases compared to those with proximal DVT. Despite less severe outcomes, these patients were still at risk for developing post-thrombotic syndrome after treatment.
Researchers describe biochemical pathway leading to inflammation characteristic of autoimmune diseases, including lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. FEN1 enzyme plays critical role in generating oxidized mtDNA fragments that trigger complex inflammatory response.
Researchers assessed popular MSW pre-treatment technologies and cement kiln co-processing techniques in China, highlighting environmental risks and opportunities. The study revealed characteristics of mainstream MSW pre-treatment technologies and provided important reference data for optimization design.
Brazilian researchers have identified bioactive compounds in a marine sponge that killed antibiotic-resistant bacteria, paving the way to develop new drugs. The substances proved capable of eliminating bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which are responsible for many hospital-acquired infections.
A new model reconstructs marine animal diversity from 550 million years ago to present, revealing long-term stability and development of biodiversity hotspots. The findings support the idea that ecosystems can support high levels of diversity, but regions hosting hotspots may be close to their limit.
Scientists at Simon Fraser University have made a breakthrough in developing quantum technology by observing over 150,000 silicon 'T centre' photon-spin qubits. This discovery enables the creation of massively scalable quantum computers and quantum internet that can connect them.
A retrospective study found an AI algorithm for detecting incidental pulmonary embolus (iPE) on contrast-enhanced chest CT examinations had high NPV and moderate PPV, even identifying iPEs missed by radiologists. The tool's diagnostic performance did not show significant variation across study subgroups.
A recent study published by The BMJ confirms previous reports that myocarditis is rare but cases are highest among young males shortly after a second dose of mRNA vaccine, especially Moderna. The risk of myocarditis or pericarditis might be lower when the second dose is given more than 30 days after the first dose.
The SARS-Arena program identifies conserved peptides in the SARS-CoV-2 virus that could be used to develop vaccines. The peptides are part of the nucleocapsid protein, which is highly expressed upon infection and highly immunogenic.
The Mount Sinai Hospital has been awarded $4.2 million over five years to establish a Proteogenomic Data Analysis Center, which will help identify potential biomarkers and drug targets for cancer and new insights into cancer biology.
Researchers have successfully used lasers to control neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, as natural microrobots in living fish. The 'neutrobots' can perform multiple tasks, including delivering drugs to precise locations in the body, and show promise for targeted drug delivery and disease treatment.
Researchers found a 18% increase in low-birth-weight and 19% probability of preterm birth among pregnant women exposed to lead in water. The study's findings have important policy implications for addressing aging water infrastructure.
Researchers have created a noninvasive method to identify tumors causing hypertension by reducing radiation exposure. The new fluorine-based agent replaces an iodine-based agent and may allow for screening of patients with hypertension-linked aldosterone adenomas.
Researchers found that rats can learn spaces just by observation, without needing physical exploration. They outperformed naive rats in finding a reward location, suggesting that a stable cognitive map can be formed through observation alone.
A team of scientists discovered a mathematical principle explaining how cells connect to form tissues and organs, shedding light on embryonic development and organ formation. The study found that epithelial cells can adopt complex three-dimensional shapes like scutoids, which determine cellular connectivity and tissue properties.
A study identified 22 new genetic variants linked to pelvic organ prolapse, a condition affecting 40% of women after menopause. The findings suggest a complex interaction between biological and environmental factors, and may help predict individual risk using polygenic risk scores.
A study analyzing FIFA voting data from 2010-2016 suggests cultural similarity biases results. Captains were found to be more biased than coaches, while media people were the least biased.
A new study from the University of California - Davis Health suggests machine learning can identify handgun purchasers at high risk of firearm suicide. The algorithm used predictive factors such as handgun categories, caliber size, and previous gun purchases to forecast the likelihood of firearm suicide.
A new study by the Universities of Portsmouth and Southampton estimates that 80,000 people have left employment due to Long Covid. The research warns of a potential lasting impact on labour supply, with workers in lower-paid jobs particularly affected.
Researchers have discovered a new type of transient phenomenon, the Fast Blue Ultraluminous Transient (FBUT), which is as bright as a superluminous supernova but evolves much faster. The team used the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam to capture the event for the first time and analyzed its multiband light curve data.
Genomic data reveals two distinct species of scrub jays: A. sumichrasti, endemic to southern Mexico, and A. texana, found only in Texas. The study's findings support the recognition of these new species based on phenotypic, behavioral, and genetic differences.
The CREATE CARES and NTUitive initiative aims to accelerate the development of nanomaterials for various industries, reducing experimental workload and improving quality. The Accelerated Manufacturing Platform for Engineered Nanomaterials (AMPLE) project will utilize Industry 4.0 practices to scale up nanotechnology production.
A recent study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association found that Black children who have stroke after heart transplant are more than three times as likely to die compared to their white counterparts. The researchers analyzed data from 8,224 children who received cardiac transplants between 1994 and 2019.
Researchers at SFU have developed new chemical biological tools to monitor Parkinson’s disease progression, measuring the activity of lysosomal glucocerebrosidase (GCase) enzyme. This breakthrough could lead to improved diagnostics and treatment, as well as a better understanding of other neurodegenerative diseases linked to GCase.
The new high-throughput array greatly accelerates mouse DNA methylation characterization, providing an unprecedented look into the mouse epigenome. It enables scientists to interrogate methylation more quickly and deeply than previous methods, resulting in a rich atlas of DNA methylation profiles across over 1,200 samples.
Researchers found that type-3 innate lymphoid cells express the autoimmune regulator gene, which instructs T cells to fight Candida. Without this support, Candida-specific T17 cells cannot be generated, leading to ineffective elimination of fungal infections.
Researchers at PNNL have developed a sodium-ion battery with greatly extended longevity in laboratory tests. The new electrolyte recipe stabilizes the protective film on the anode and generates an ultra-thin protective layer, providing long cycle life and stability. This technology has potential for applications in light-duty electric ...
Researchers found that a gene called Rgs2 plays a crucial role in depression-related behavior, particularly in women. Increasing this gene's expression in the nucleus accumbens reversed stress effects and improved motivation in female mice, suggesting a potential molecular mechanism contributing to the lack of response to depression tr...
A new study published in Neurology found that people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are at a higher risk of developing dementia. The study, which analyzed 30 years of Swedish patient registry records, also found that those with liver disease and cardiovascular conditions had an even greater risk.
A unique study of brain activity found that sound during sleep prompts a robust response from the brain, except in one key area where alpha-beta waves are attenuated. The findings could help understand how information is processed by the brain in unconscious states.
National data indicate that expanded access to methadone treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic did not lead to increased harms, but rather declined percentage of overdose deaths involving methadone. This evidence supports expanding take-home treatment for opioid use disorder.
A team of Chinese and Australian astronomers has discovered direct evidence for binary common envelope evolution, a key process in star evolution. The observation provides a way to accurately characterize this process through direct detection.
A physicist has defended the Stokes-Einstein equation's validity in living systems, providing insight into bacterial resistance to antibiotics and cancer cell mechanics. The research reveals that the equation remains valid when considering entangled polymers and filaments within bacteria.
Researchers at Nagoya City University have identified a specific amino acid sequence that induces Lewis X glycan structure, controlling glycosylation in proteins. This discovery could pave the way for controlling glycosylation of biopharmaceuticals, critical for their efficacy and safety.
Researchers develop a new technique that uses quantum-inspired interferometry to capture high-resolution 3D images with micron-scale resolution, potentially useful for facial recognition and tracking applications. The approach overcomes limitations of conventional lidar by reducing light loss and enhancing depth resolution.
A study by Cornell University engineers reveals that smart thermostats inadvertently cause peak demand on the grid during off-peak hours, offsetting greenhouse gas emissions benefits. The researchers propose educating consumers to use smart thermostats and staggering morning ramp-up times to mitigate this issue.
Researchers discovered that water fleas adapt to carnivorous plants by forming longer appendages on their carapace, making it harder for the plant to suck them in. They also swim more slowly, avoiding proximity to the plants and reducing their chances of being eaten.
A new report by the American Cancer Society shows individuals without health insurance coverage were more likely to be diagnosed with late-stage cancer and have worse survival rates. Uninsured individuals diagnosed with Stage I disease had worse survival rates for six cancers compared to those with private health insurance.
A team of researchers, led by Virginia Tech, has engineered a glove that mimics the arm of an octopus, capable of securely gripping objects underwater. The Octa-glove uses soft, responsive adhesive materials and embedded electronics to grasp objects without squeezing.
Scientists uncovered a biophysical mechanism steering stem cells in the intestine, shedding light on their behavior and renewal process. The findings suggest that location plays a crucial role in determining which cells act as stem cells, with more frequent movements in the small intestine leading to increased stem cell activity.
Researchers at Oregon State University have developed a computer model using artificial intelligence to predict whether a proposed new pesticide will harm honey bees. The model, trained on nearly 400 different pesticide molecules, can quickly screen proposed pesticides for their toxicity, helping protect the vital pollinators.
Researchers at Edith Cowan University have found a genetic link between human leukocyte antigens and immunotherapy side effects in non-small cell lung cancer patients. The discovery enables doctors to tailor treatment to individual patients, reducing the risk of toxicities and improving overall outcomes.
A study analyzing U.K. residents' activities during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic found significant shifts in time spent on cultural activities, socializing, and traveling. Despite restrictions being lifted, many respondents continued to engage in online activities, highlighting the lasting impact of the pandemic on lifestyle changes.
Researchers developed topological membrane metadevices for on-chip terahertz wave manipulations, showcasing robust single-mode manipulation and valley-locked edge states. This breakthrough enables the development of a robust platform for terahertz on-chip communication, sensing, and multiplexing systems.
Researchers identified Srrm3 as a master regulator gene for photoreceptor cells in the retina, which is critical for visual function. The study found that misregulation of alternative splicing and microexons can lead to devastating health impacts, including vision loss.
A new Baycrest study found that individuals with no dementia risk factors have similar brain health as people who are 10 to 20 years younger. Lifestyle factors such as managing diabetes, addressing hearing loss, and quitting smoking can reduce cognitive decline by up to three years of aging.
A team of researchers has confirmed that regions in the central Andes Mountains were formed through a process called lithospheric dripping, where parts of the planet's outer shell sink into the mantle over millions of years. This discovery may have implications for other terrestrial planets with non-Earth-like plate tectonics.
A study from UNSW Sydney and NeuRA found that off-road motorcycles cause a far higher rate of injuries among children than quad bikes, with 78% of hospitalisations involving motorcycles. Quad-bikes result in more severe injuries, but less frequent hospitalisations.
Researchers have detected a persistent radio signal from a far-off galaxy that repeats every 0.2 seconds in a clear periodic pattern, similar to a heartbeat. The source of the signal is unknown but may be related to a radio pulsar or magnetar, which could provide an astrophysical clock for measuring the universe's expansion.
Researchers have identified over 7,200 unrecognized gene segments that potentially code for new proteins in humans. This discovery could revolutionize our understanding of the human genome and offer insights into human-specific proteins.
Researchers at the Salk Institute discovered that genetic mutations disrupt RNA splicing in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, leading to bleeding and immune deficiencies. This finding suggests new targets for treatment with small molecule drugs and sheds light on the basic biology of RNA splicing.
Researchers discovered a new prion structure using electron microscopy, revealing key similarities and differences between distinct strains. This finding could lead to better understanding of how shape variations affect disease outcomes.
A new Caltech project, COMAP, will peer beneath the 'tip of the iceberg' of galaxies to unveil a hidden era of star formation. The project aims to answer questions about what caused the universe's rapid increase in star production.
MIT researchers create microparticles that release their payload at different times, enabling self-boosting vaccines. The particles degrade over time and break down once released, allowing for potential use in regions with limited access to medical care.
A study of 1,581 children aged 6-11 from six European countries found that exposure to more green spaces is associated with healthier habits, including increased physical activity, reduced sedentary activities, and better sleep. Urban design plays a crucial role in promoting healthy behaviors in children.
A study by UC Davis researchers found that cultural habits around waiting to eat (emphasized in Japan) and waiting to open gifts (emphasized in the US) shape distinct profiles of delaying gratification. Japanese children waited three times longer for food, while U.S. children waited nearly four times longer for gifts.
Scientists argue that system thinking can better understand the world's rapidly changing dynamics, considering both social and ecological factors. The article highlights the importance of this approach in addressing climate change-induced natural disasters, such as increased frequency and danger of wildfires.
A new framework developed by researchers at Wayne State University aims to help state and local water authorities prioritize funding for infrastructure improvements on drinking water lead service line replacement programs. The study incorporates drinking water quality characteristics with community and environmental quality attributes,...
Children born to mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at a higher risk of developing infections, allergies, and other childhood illnesses by age 13. The study found that children of mothers with PCOS were 32% more likely to be admitted to hospital for various health problems.
Researchers developed an AI system that classifies IBDN lesions accurately, displaying image-based diagnostic ability with 64.5% sensitivity and 89.5% specificity. The correct diagnosis rate of the AI system was 79.0, surpassing that of endoscopists, who achieved a 77.8% accuracy rate.
A new study published in the American Journal of Ophthalmology found that paintball gun assaults can cause vision-threatening emergencies, including ruptured globes and permanent blindness. The research revealed a significantly higher rate of severe eye injuries than previously known, with some patients requiring multiple surgeries.
Researchers discovered a molecular switch in flavivirus that controls virus assembly, maturation, and entry into new cells. This switch is triggered by pH-dependent conformational changes in viral envelope proteins.
Researchers developed a novel approach to detecting hidden malicious codes in websites by analyzing common attack patterns and user-side scripts. The method can identify malicious distribution patterns with high accuracy and speed, including zero-day attacks.
Researchers found that six years before a stroke, people who later developed a stroke had similar scores to those who didn't have a stroke. However, at two years before the stroke, scores of those who had a stroke started increasing, reaching a total of about 2.1 points and staying high for 10 years after the stroke.
A Columbia University team created a robot that can learn and understand its own body, planning motion and avoiding obstacles without human assistance. The robot's self-model was accurate to about 1% of its workspace, paving the way for more self-reliant autonomous systems.
Researchers introduced a strategy to regulate the electrochemical reactivity and performance of Sn-based anodes for Mg storage by introducing a second phase and phase boundary. The introduction of Al enhanced the electrochemical reaction with Mg in both nanoscale and bulk phases, leading to superior long-term stability.
A new study emphasizes the need for clearer guidelines on how countries like the UK, USA, and Australia will respond militarily to imminent armed attacks. The UN Charter requires a country to establish it has been attacked before responding in self-defence.
Researchers identified a unique metabolic adaptation in AML patients with FLT3-ITD+ mutations, using lactate as a substrate for mitochondrial respiration. This discovery could lead to customized therapies combining complex II inhibitors and MCT1 transporters.
Scientists at the University of Nottingham have developed a new dressing that can prevent the recurrence of melanoma by killing cancer cells while promoting healthy cell growth. The dressing is made with graphene oxide, elastin, and ethanol, and requires only 15 seconds of Near Infrared light every 48 hours to be effective.
The new grant aims to address structural racism and discrimination affecting Asian-Americans with chronic hepatitis B virus infection and liver cancer. Researchers will examine factors such as socio-historical hardship, segregation, and mistrust of the health system to improve quality of care.
Researchers have discovered pairing Spinraza with valproic acid (VPA) can boost its therapeutic effects without increasing toxicity. This approach allows for improved SMN protein production in SMA patients, leading to longer survival and better muscle function.
Researchers at University of Essex found no benefit from oxytocin administration on healthy men's ability to recognize emotions. Computer-based emotional training programs proved more effective in improving emotion recognition and mental health.
Researchers created a quasiparticle lattice that exhibits macroscopic quantum phenomena, including Bose-Einstein condensation and superfluidity. The lattice's spatial configuration allows for controlled formation of ordered vortex arrays and laser arrays.
Researchers at City University of Hong Kong have identified the key mechanism behind roundworms' precise bowel movements, revealing a synchronized nerve impulse between the brain and gut. The study found that the AVL nerve cell in the head regulates the defecation rhythm by relaying and modulating pacemaker signals from the gut.
An international team of scientists has discovered a new mathematical principle that explains how cells connect with each other to form tissues. The finding reveals important properties of cellular connectivity, including the relationship between cell geometry and energy consumption.
A systematic review found that around 1 in every 400 adults (0.23%) have sought help for gambling problems globally. The prevalence of help-seeking was greater among people with higher gambling severity, affecting 1 in 25 with moderate-risk gambling and 1 in 5 with problem gambling.
A low-cost device can capture 3D images of the retina, cornea, and back of the eye, revolutionizing eye screening and treatment globally. The technology has the potential to detect eye diseases like glaucoma and improve patient care.
A study by Prof. Peter Neff from Doshisha University found that students prefer spontaneous verbal humor, cartoons, and memes, while visual humor is the least preferred. The study also revealed that students who appreciate humor in language classes accept the view that language learning should not be dry or humorless.
Researchers analyzed germline variants in breast cancer patients to identify their role in metastasis development. The study found that host genetic makeup contributes to metastasis through dysregulation of gene expression, promoting the dispersion of metastatic seeds and establishing a conducive environment for their growth.
Women with conditions like MS, migraine, and epilepsy face increased unplanned pregnancy due to treatment effects on hormonal contraceptives. Teratogenic drugs used for neurological treatments may be restricted or unavailable during pregnancy.
A substantial increase in eating disorder diagnoses was found among Norwegian girls aged 6-16 after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. This finding is consistent with similar increases observed in North America, suggesting an international trend.
A nationwide study found that states with more generous SNAP policies had fewer children involved in Child Protective Services and sent to foster care. The study showed a 5% increase in SNAP beneficiaries reduced CPS and foster care caseloads between 7.6% and 14.3%.
Researchers demonstrate a new platform for guiding compressed mid-infrared light waves in ultra-thin van der Waals crystals, enabling strong light-matter interactions and improved detection limits. The use of atomically-smooth gold crystals provides a low-loss environment for the propagation of phonon-polaritons.
Researchers analyzed data from trauma centers to determine if patients with seat belt injuries and negative CT scans can be safely discharged. The study found that some patients with abdominal bruising from a seat belt following a car crash may not need hospital admission.
Researchers investigated long-term features of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in children and adults who experienced mild infections. The study found that both groups developed similar patterns of antibody responses, indicating a shared immune memory.