A recent study revealed the importance of Cav3.1-driven burst firing in the ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei in controlling anxiety-like behavior and energy expenditure following chronic stress. Enhanced burst firing was correlated with increased anxiety-like behavior, reduced food intake, and decreased energy expenditure.
A new study suggests that a high-salt diet can lead to the hyperactivity of brain cells, resulting in increased constriction of blood vessels and worsening of cardiometabolic diseases. The research also found that excessive salt consumption can trigger an unusual response in which neurons become more active despite reduced blood flow.
Theoretical physicists have successfully created and observed a synthetic tensor monopole in diamond, inspiring new research on abstract physical structures. The experiment demonstrates the potential of quantum simulators to study complex systems initially introduced in mathematical physics.
A new vaccine platform, using spherical nucleic acid (SNA) nanoparticles, has been shown to produce an immune response in animals and offer protection against lethal doses of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The results suggest that this approach could be used to target other infectious diseases.
A comprehensive literature review found that consuming plant-based alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) rich in walnuts and flaxseeds can lower cardiovascular disease risk by 10% and fatal coronary heart disease risk by 20%. ALA may also benefit heart health when combined with other omega-3s.
This cross-sectional study investigated the association between adverse childhood experiences and poor neuropsychiatric health in former NFL players. Football-related concussions were found to be significantly associated with increased risk of dementia and poor neuropsychiatric health among these athletes.
Researchers discovered that epilepsy patients' social media activity increased before their sudden deaths from SUDEP. The study found significant alterations in the patients' digital behavior, including changes in the number of words written and drastic sentiment shifts in their posts.
Researchers identified three NAFLD subtypes with unique lipidomic profiles and varying cardiovascular disease risk. Subtype A shows a lower CVD risk profile, differing from other subtypes, which may explain variation in hepatic versus cardiovascular outcomes.
Researchers at the University of Houston have developed a novel technology to monitor membrane protein trafficking in real-time using bioluminescence. This allows for the study of cellular processes and drug development for heart disease, metabolic disorders, cancer, infectious diseases, COVID-19, and others.
Researchers studied Apophis's physical characteristics and possible effects during its 2029 approach. Simulations revealed that low densities could lead to up to 90% of loose stones being removed from the asteroid's surface.
Researchers identified key factors contributing to the gender gap in engineering courses, including female instructors, peer participation, and icebreaker questions. The study suggests that these strategies can help increase women's participation and close the gap in STEM fields.
Researchers from NTU Singapore and Waseda University found that fermented soybean waste improves fat metabolism and mitigates the effects of diet-induced obesity. The study, published in Metabolites, showed that mice fed fermented okara gained less body mass and had lower levels of fat and cholesterol.
A study found that excessive sugar consumption can promote inflammation and autoimmune diseases, such as Crohn's disease and type 1 diabetes. Researchers identified GLUT3, a glucose transporter, as a key player in this process, and proposed blocking its activity to mitigate inflammatory responses.
Roman will explore cosmic acceleration using multiple methods, including spectroscopy and imaging surveys. The mission aims to create a 3D map of the universe by measuring accurate distances and positions of millions of galaxies.
Researchers have developed a new type of coating that can limit the flammability of wood used in construction, potentially providing more time to escape fires and curb their spread. The environmentally friendly flame retardant could also be used for other flammable materials.
Researchers used single cell RNA-sequencing to identify specific cells and genes in maize roots responsible for nitrate uptake. The study provides valuable insights into optimizing root nutrient uptake ability in crops.
A new study by Santa Fe Institute researchers Katrin Schmelz and Samuel Bowles found that people's opposition to vaccines quadrupled when mandated, but many switched to pro-vaccination as they became more convinced of the vaccines' effectiveness. To increase vaccination rates, policymakers need to focus on building trust and changing h...
The new center aims to develop quantitative imaging markers to reduce subjectivity in medical image diagnosis and improve consistency. Researchers will explore cutting-edge imaging modalities and extract effective image features from existing clinical imaging modalities to aid in cancer detection and treatment.
Researchers at the University of Illinois created quantum dots to visualize macrophages in fat tissue, shedding light on chronic inflammation's role in diseases. The new technology enables accurate cell counting and tracking over time, offering a potential diagnostic tool for insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital discovered that non-dividing colon cancer cells employ Warburg glycolysis to reduce toxic reactive oxygen species accumulation. This adaptation challenges the long-held dogma of the Warburg effect, highlighting the need for single-cell level analysis tools.
Scientists have discovered a promising strategy to treat Ebola virus infections by targeting cellular protein GSPT1, which the virus hijacks for polymerase function. An experimental drug CC-90009 degrades GSPT1, halting viral multiplication.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet identified a novel protein mechanism that inhibits tumour growth in ER-negative breast cancer, leading to improved prognosis. High levels of GIT1 were associated with reduced tumour growth and better outcomes in ER-negative patients.
A new study led by Kelly Monaghan at West Virginia University suggests that interrupting the immune response may improve multiple sclerosis outcomes. The researchers found that targeting a specific protein called CCL17 can prevent the disease from attacking the central nervous system, leading to milder symptoms and delayed paralysis.
Researchers from Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences developed a novel neutron shielding composite called Sm2O3-APTES/AFG-90H. The composite exhibited improved thermal stability, mechanical properties and efficient neutron shielding performance due to the use of coupling agents.
A genome-scale analysis of echinoids reveals modern species emerged 300 million years ago, survived mass extinction, and diversified rapidly. The findings also suggest sand dollars and sea biscuits originated earlier than thought, with possible fossil record gaps.
A new study by Imperial College London found that home pulse oximetry can act as a safety net for COVID-19 patients, reducing unnecessary hospital admissions while spotting early signs of deterioration. The researchers recommend using a defined cutoff point in blood oxygen levels to determine when patients need medical attention.
Researchers from Doshisha University discovered bats perceive spaces through echolocation as a distinct 'echo space', which changes as they become familiar with their environment. The study found that the direction of echoes correlates with bat flight paths and can be used to develop advanced sensors for navigation.
Researchers at Linköping University have discovered that magnesium diboride becomes superconductive at higher temperatures when stretched. The study's findings offer a new approach to increasing critical temperatures without high pressure or complicated structures.
Researchers developed an AI algorithm that can measure coronary plaque buildup in five seconds, predicting heart attack risk within five years. The tool was trained on images from 921 people and matched results with invasive tests considered highly accurate.
A wireless, biodegradable sensor implanted in mice detected dopamine levels and other brain properties, offering potential for real-time monitoring of neural-related conditions. The device is designed to be biodegradable, eliminating the need for future surgeries.
Researchers create transgenic lettuce that expresses a bone-stimulating hormone, which could help prevent osteopenia in astronauts and resource-limited areas on Earth. The lettuce would need to be consumed daily by astronauts to get a sufficient dose of the hormone.
Researchers at University of Illinois discover key connection between symmetry and Mott physics, providing new insight into high-temperature superconductivity. They found that breaking a hidden symmetry destroys Fermi liquids, implying that all models of Mott insulators must break this particle-hole symmetry.
According to a systematic review of over 16 million young people from 25 countries, children with disabilities experience higher rates of violence, including physical, sexual, and emotional abuse. The study highlights the urgent need for collaborative efforts to raise awareness and strengthen prevention efforts.
Researchers at Northwestern University developed an AI-assisted Nanofountain Probe Electroporation system to engineer stem cells. The new method reduces cell loss and increases throughput, enabling selective manipulation of individual cells in micro-arrays.
A clinical trial found that daily cranberry consumption improved flow-mediated dilation, a biomarker of cardiovascular disease risk, in healthy men. Cranberries' unique proanthocyanidins may play an important role in preventing cardiovascular disease.
Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital identified two genes associated with accelerated aging in childhood cancer survivors. The study used genome-wide association studies to find variants that correlate with epigenetic age acceleration, a measure of the difference between biological and chronological age.
Researchers analyzed the effects of environmental pressure setting, time step, and mesh density on the pressure differential calculation results. The study used numerical simulation to improve the accuracy of calculations, with results showing that changes in ambient pressure are the primary factor affecting the pressure differential.
Researchers at Brown University propose a new model that explains crowd behavior by considering the individual's visual perception. The model accurately predicts actual crowd flow, showing how visible crowd members influence an individual's movement and path.
Researchers at CNIC discover that bone marrow activation is an early event in the development of atherosclerosis, leading to inflammation and plaque formation. The study identifies metabolic syndrome as a key trigger for this process.
Researchers found men with periodontitis who also experience erectile dysfunction are nearly four times more likely to suffer major adverse cardiovascular events. These events can include heart attacks, strokes, and other life-threatening conditions.
Researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have developed a new oral compound that is as effective as molnupiravir in reducing disease in mice, showing promise for treating COVID-19. The pill form of remdesivir could make it accessible for early treatment and reduce hospitalization rates.
A study from the University of Georgia shows that exergaming can increase satisfaction and autonomy in exercise, leading to increased physical activity and motivation. The research followed participants who were randomly assigned to either exergame or traditional aerobics classes for six weeks.
New research from the University of Exeter reveals that people can switch between multiple social identities with ease. The study found that rapidly activating different identities has no apparent difficulty and may even be beneficial for remote workers who struggle to separate their work and personal lives.
Scientists at Georgia Institute of Technology observe unprecedented atomic processes that dictate mechanical behavior in metals. They develop novel methods to visualize grain boundary sliding, revealing previously unknown movements and accommodating transferred atoms through adjusting grain boundary structures.
A new study published in Tobacco Control found that cities banning flavored tobacco sales have reduced youth tobacco use, particularly vaping and cigarette smoking. In contrast to a previous study, the new analysis supports a ban on flavored tobacco products as an effective measure to prevent adolescent tobacco use.
A pilot study by UC San Diego School of Medicine found that eight weeks of mindfulness training significantly reduced symptoms of trauma and depression in individuals grieving from gun violence. Participants showed notable improvements in life satisfaction, with benefits lasting after the program concluded.
Researchers have created a novel sorbent that effectively removes copper and zinc from water solutions, with the ability to be reused for efficient treatment of industrial wastewater and drinking water. The sorbent's adsorption properties were enhanced through modification, allowing for up to 60% removal of heavy metals within minutes.
Scientists developed a pipeline for identifying and prioritising potential tumour antigens for fast generation of cancer vaccines. The 'plug-and-play' vaccine technology enables rapid, affordable, and feasible approaches to deliver targeted peptides to patients, potentially leading to quicker and easier personalized therapy.
Scientists used supercomputers to model plate tectonics and reconstruct dynamics of Pacific plate motion. The study explains the mysterious 60-degree bend in the seamount chain by introducing a new factor: subduction zones in the Russian Far East.
Researchers from IRB Barcelona have discovered that damaged mitochondria accumulation triggers inflammatory processes leading to muscle atrophy. Correcting mitochondrial function through increased BNIP3 levels can mitigate inflammation and muscle loss, offering potential tools for promoting healthy ageing.
Organ donation from dying COVID-19 patients appears to be safe and does not infect recipients with SARS-CoV-2. The study found all 6 abdominal organs had stable graft function and no unexpected rejection occurred.
Researchers at UC Davis have developed genetically modified lettuce producing a drug to protect against bone density loss in microgravity. The transgenic lettuce combines parathyroid hormone with an antibody protein, allowing for stable production and potential self-administration by astronauts.
Researchers at Flinders University have discovered how enterochromaffin cells in the gut communicate with the brain and spinal cord, shedding light on the 'gut-brain axis'. The study reveals that these specialized cells release serotonin into the body, which acts on nerves to communicate with the brain.
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital discovered a tissue-modifying molecule that can target intestinal stem cells and signal them to create Paneth cells, a rare but important cell type. This could represent a new therapeutic pathway for diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and graft-versus-host disease.
Studies of 54 'good sleepers' revealed that lower slow-wave activity over the right prefrontal cortex is linked to a greater propensity for risk. The findings suggest that targeted interventions could modulate slow waves to influence risk-taking behavior.
The Human Brain Project (HBP) has brought together neuroscientists from different disciplines to work collaboratively on common goals. The HBP researchers outline their scientific approach and illustrate the potential of EBRAINS infrastructure for neuroscience research.
A new study published in JAMA Network Open reveals that the first-pass metabolism of alcohol occurs in the stomach, not the liver. This finding explains why some patients experience increased sensitivity to alcohol after bariatric surgery, leading to higher risks of alcohol-related disorders.
A new study reveals that salt marsh grass in Georgia's coast relies on beneficial bacteria in its roots to access nutrients, improving plant productivity. The research provides insights into the importance of soil microorganisms in maintaining ecosystem health and supporting restoration efforts.
A new study from the University of Illinois suggests that whether adolescents believe drug use is wrong has twice the magnitude of impact compared to other risk and protective factors. This finding highlights the importance of instilling a negative belief about drug use in young people as a key strategy for preventing substance use.
New research from Rutgers University sheds light on the genetic mechanisms of reproductive disorders, including infertility and miscarriage. The study reveals how the RNA helicase YTHDC2 regulates meiosis, a critical step in egg and sperm development.