Researchers found that changing conditions in the California region have limited resource accessibility, causing the squid to speed through their life cycles and alter their ecosystem impact. The study also documents significant differences between Californian and Alaskan market squid populations.
A study published in PLOS Biology reveals that the human brain uses the same neural machinery to resolve social conflicts as it does to resolve internal conflicts. The researchers found that activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) is responsible for informational influence, while normative influence is associated with s...
A Yale University study found that a mange outbreak in vicuñas had unique effects on vegetation and biodiversity in the Argentine Andes. The research tracked the cascading effects of the disease on the ecosystem, revealing diverging outcomes based on which was the dominant source of mortality for the vicuñas.
Researchers from Ruhr-University Bochum, Yale, and Bielefeld have successfully produced a layer of two-dimensional silicon dioxide with natural pores. This material can be used as a fine-mesh sieve for molecules and ions, offering potential applications in desalination, fuel cells, and sustainable energy solutions.
Researchers from North Carolina State University found that trucks transporting pigs and farm workers can spread porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) among farms. The model estimated that vehicle movements contributed up to 20% of PRRSV transmissions, highlighting the importance of enhancing biosecurity measures ...
A study examining subnational policy responses to COVID-19 in Latin America found high variation in adopted measures among countries. The authors conclude that governments should focus on evidence-based national policies while coordinating with subnational governments for tailored local responses.
Scientists at the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry have discovered a new subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) characterized by high amounts of mitochondrial proteins and altered mitochondrial metabolism. This subtype, called Mito-AML, shows clinical resistance to chemotherapy and can be effectively combated with inhibitors again...
Researchers at the Salk Institute successfully reversed aging signs in middle-aged and elderly mice using a cellular rejuvenation approach. The treatment, which involves reprogramming cells with four specific molecules, restored youthful epigenetic patterns and improved tissue function without increasing cancer risk.
Researchers at Duke University developed EyeSyn, a virtual eyes system that simulates human eye movement to train metaverse platforms. The system reduces privacy concerns and allows smaller companies to access the metaverse with minimal resources.
Research published by the American Psychological Association finds that communities with higher levels of racial prejudice have worse health outcomes, including more heart disease and mental health problems. Studies used big data sources to measure community-level racial prejudice and found an association between areas' climates and ad...
Human immune cells occupy certain tissues and remain there for years, contrary to previous belief. T cells found to be optimally adapted to their local environment, potentially supporting barrier function.
Researchers at UTSA are using a three-year DoD grant to improve the reliability of additive manufacturing for critical machinery. They aim to predict mechanical properties and dimensional stability of components fabricated with AM.
Researchers have created a groundbreaking dataset of ultrasonography scans of three major arteries supplying blood to the brain in children. The dataset consists of 821 participants, allowing for the development of machine learning models that can accurately predict a child's age and cognitive abilities based on their ultrasounds.
A new study predicts rheumatoid arthritis progression using a polygenic risk score. The score, generated from genetic variants associated with the disease, significantly differed between severe and non-severe progression groups. Higher scores were linked to higher risks of severe progression, particularly among younger patients.
A global collaboration has discovered 16 new genetic variants associated with severe Covid-19, including those related to blood clotting and immune response. The findings will guide future research into potential new therapies and diagnostics.
A comprehensive study published in Nature Neuroscience has pinpointed significant differences in gene expression in two key regions of the brain of individuals with bipolar disorder. The findings suggest that bipolar disorder may stem from chemical and structural changes in brain cells, impairing communication between brain cells.
Research found that individuals who have previously taken cholesterol- or blood pressure-lowering medications before a heart attack were less likely to adhere to these medications afterwards. Despite the proven benefits, fewer than one-third of patients continued taking their prescribed tablets for over a year after hospitalization.
Researchers found an association between a specific HLA-DPB1 gene variant and poor response to sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) for Japanese cedar pollinosis. The study suggests that genotyping the HLA-DPB1 gene could help predict patient responsiveness to SLIT.
The researchers developed a power suit made of a layered carbon composite material that works as an energy-storing supercapacitor-battery hybrid device. This material could increase an electric car's range by 25% and boost its power, giving it the extra push it needs to go from zero to 60 mph in 3 seconds.
Researchers at Rutgers University have successfully stabilized an enzyme that degrades scar tissue resulting from spinal cord injuries, promoting tissue regeneration. The study used AI-driven liquid handling robotics to synthesize and test copolymers that stabilize the enzyme, offering new hope for patients with spinal cord injuries.
A new genetic-labeling method developed by Osaka City University researchers uses a single gene to reveal neuronal circuits from multiple upstream regions. The 'intersectional, anterograde transsynaptic targeting system' demonstrates enhanced synaptic specificity in two different mouse brain circuits.
Researchers find that nearly 20% of sperm proteins are replaced by female-derived proteins after mating, supporting sperm viability during prolonged periods before fertilization. This 'hand-off' reveals that sperm are materially the product of both sexes.
A Tel Aviv University study found that investors who switched to a social fund reduced their donations to charities, mainly in similar causes. However, most investors in the social fund had not previously donated, suggesting that social funds entice more people to fund social causes.
A study from the University of California, Davis, found that reducing leaks in urban water systems can be a highly effective and cost-competitive method for saving water. The research suggests that leak reduction is the most cost-effective tool in an urban water manager's toolkit, with estimated savings of $277 per acre-foot.
The International Neuromodulation Society 15th World Congress will feature over 470 abstracts and plenary lectures on neuromodulation therapy. Researchers from around the world will gather in Barcelona to discuss scientific theory and clinical applications of neuromodulation therapies.
Researchers discovered that bacteria suppress membrane protein transport in response to stress, using alarm hormones to regulate the process. This allows the microorganisms to slow down their cellular processes and recover when conditions become more favorable.
Argonne scientists are developing new materials for batteries, researching sustainable fuels, and expanding carbon-free energy sources like nuclear power. They're also exploring ways to capture and utilize CO2, with the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and slowing global warming.
A new study finds that conversion therapy has significant economic costs and psychological harms for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or questioning youths in the US. The therapy is also associated with increased rates of depression, substance abuse, and suicide attempts among this population.
A clinical decision support system was found to lower cardiovascular risk for patients with severe mental illness by providing individualized informational handouts and treatment recommendations. The study suggests that such systems may result in positive impacts on long-term cardiovascular health.
Research by Imperial College London reveals that patients who experience both a heart attack and sudden cardiac arrest are more likely to develop abnormal heart rhythms and die within three years. The study found that these patients were over twice as likely to have subsequent ventricular arrhythmia and 36% more likely to die.
The European Union is projected to experience increased fire-prone areas, threatening biodiversity and carbon sinks. The IPCC report highlights the need for adaptation in addressing wildfires, focusing on fire and forest management to increase ecosystem resilience.
Researchers identify biochemical pathway for synthesis of nitrogenous volatiles in tomatoes, which are key to flavor compounds. They can now breed this trait into modern tomatoes to improve flavor.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet studied long-term outcomes of bioprosthetic aortic valves implanted between 2003 and 2018. They found significant differences in performance depending on valve model, with Perimount having the lowest risk of replacement and mortality among patients
A new study has found that World Trade Center responders have an increased mutational burden, elevating their risk for blood cancers and cardiovascular disease. The researchers compared DNA samples from 203 Nashville firefighters to a control group of 52 firefighters who were not exposed to particulate matter at the disaster.
Cedars-Sinai researchers identified two types of brain cells that divide continuous human experience into distinct segments, enabling the brain to recall memories. The discovery provides new hope for treatments of memory disorders like dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of seven studies found no significant association between spironolactone use and increased risk of breast, ovarian, kidney, gastric, or esophageal cancers. However, treatment with the drug was associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer.
A study published in Current Biology reveals that ancient dolphins, including the false killer whale and orca, ate fish instead of other marine mammals. The findings suggest that these species evolved similar cranial anatomy and feeding behaviors within the last five million years.
Worms use cost-benefit calculations to choose between different actions, similar to vertebrates. The study demonstrates that complex decision-making capabilities can be encoded in small biological networks.
In a breakthrough discovery, microglia have been found to play a crucial role in forming critical synapses in the brain, particularly in chandelier cells. This finding suggests that immune cells may not only remove unwanted connections but also nurture their formation, which is essential for cognitive functioning.
Researchers uncover the pleiotropic functions of hnRNPK in regulating skeletal muscle cell differentiation, including inhibition of myoblast differentiation and suppression of genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress. The study suggests that targeting hnRNPK could be a potential therapeutic strategy for treating human disorders.
A study published in the American Heart Association's Circulation journal found that people with congenital heart defects who contracted COVID-19 were more likely to require intensive care or need a ventilator. The risk of severe illness was higher among those with additional health conditions, older adults, and men.
Researchers from the University of Nottingham have developed a new data-driven framework for modelling infectious diseases spread through populations. The framework avoids strict assumptions and enables policy makers to make data-driven decisions.
Research from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute found a significant drop in traffic accidents during the COVID-19 pandemic, with accidents involving males, nonwhite drivers, and individuals in the 25-64 age group showing smaller reductions.
A study from University of South Australia found that reading aloud to children can triple a child's resilience at school, particularly for those who have suffered abuse or neglect. The study identified reading as a key factor in supporting children's emotional, social and physical development before they start school.
A rigorous randomized controlled trial found that adding a 300-calorie serving of French fries to one's diet daily for a month did not result in differential weight gain or biomarker changes compared to an isocaloric daily serving of almonds. The study measured body composition, blood sugar, and insulin levels, finding no clinically si...
Researchers have developed a sustainable methodology to utilize biomass waste for efficient remediation of antibiotic pollution. Fe-contaminated biomass waste ferns are used to synthesize highly active single atom catalysts, demonstrating an appealing strategy for pollutant control and other applications.
A new study questions a widely-held theory that sudden stratospheric warming caused the extreme cold weather in Texas and other parts of the US. The research suggests that the polar vortex's disruption, which occurred six weeks after the initial warming event, was not significant enough to impact the weather.
Robert Gourdie, a cardiovascular scientist at the Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, has been awarded an R35 grant from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. This seven-year, $6.4 million grant enables him to pursue research on intercellular communication and its applications in treating various medical challenges.
A biodegradable nanoparticle has shown promise in reducing skin and lung scarring in mice with scleroderma. The treatment targets specific immune cells responsible for the disease's chronic inflammation and scarring.
The researchers discovered two modes of transport that influence whether and how proteins attach themselves to a surface. The team found that rougher surfaces promote longer flights, while less hydrophobic surfaces facilitate quicker localized adsorption/desorption.
A new randomized controlled trial found that making small changes to caloric intake and physical activity levels did not prevent long-term weight gain better than monitoring alone. Researchers observed reduced weight at 3, 6, 12, and 15 months but no significant difference by 24 months.
The study shows that constructor-based irreversibility is compatible with quantum theory's time-reversible laws. Researchers used high-precision single-photon qubits to demonstrate this, confirming their theoretical predictions and numerical simulations.
A study of 448,000 children aged 5-18 found that sustaining a concussion increased the risk of mental health issues, psychiatric hospitalization, and self-harm. The research highlights the potential long-term effects of concussions on young people's mental well-being.
Research reveals that smoking prevalence is significantly higher in underserved communities compared to the national average. Smoking is also associated with a higher risk of co-occurring mental health conditions and substance use disorders in these communities.
Researchers from CNRS have identified the mechanisms behind synchronized spider hunting behavior. Spiders in tropical colonies use vibrations to mask prey signals, increasing their ability to detect and capture prey up to several hundred times their size.
Scientists elucidated the structures at the interface between a working catalyst and reacting molecules in vanadium pentoxide, revealing which oxygen atoms activate hydrocarbons. The study showed that temperature and gas composition influence the reaction, leading to more sustainable oxidation processes.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University have developed a unique detector using compressed xenon gas to detect axion-like particles, promising a breakthrough in finding dark matter. The new technology enables the exploration of previously inaccessible masses, constraining the properties of axion-like particles.
Scientists identify a specialized zone in Muller glia cells called the citrullination bunker that sequesters damaged proteins, preserving vision. Chronic engagement of this process may lead to retinal degeneration, but inhibiting it could delay or prevent disease.
A new study suggests that reducing greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, forestry, and land use sectors could lead to higher food prices and potentially negative impacts on food security. The study found that a decarbonization scenario would increase international food prices by about 27%, affecting around 420 million people at ri...
Researchers discovered that combining polymerase and exonuclease inhibitors reduces SARS-CoV-2 replication by 10 times more than single polymerase inhibitors. This combination approach has great potential to stop the spread of COVID-19 and other coronavirus diseases.