Researchers at MIT have developed a new method that uses optics to accelerate machine-learning computations on low-power devices. By encoding model components onto light waves, data can be transmitted rapidly and computations performed quickly, leading to over a hundredfold improvement in energy efficiency.
Dr. Daijiang Li is building Phenobase, a global database on plant phenology using AI and machine learning to extract information from millions of images and existing records.
Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University used Mössbauer spectroscopy to study monoclinic pyroxenes, a type of calcium-rich mineral. They found that the tensor determining iron ion intensity ratios is independent of iron content but dependent on calcium content.
A new study from the University of Kansas finds that parents from marginalized backgrounds and lower educational attainment make more compromises on school features, resulting in lower satisfaction. The research suggests that these parents are not lacking in understanding what would be best for their children, but rather face constrain...
Researchers from Shanghai Polytechnic University developed new efficient phase change microcapsules for storing solar energy, demonstrating superior photothermal conversion and thermal conductivity. The study found that the novel PCM microcapsule shells showed a 54.9% photothermal conversion efficiency, significantly higher than non-do...
The C-STICH clinical trial found that single-stranded suture threads may improve outcomes for mothers at risk of preterm birth by reducing the risk of infection. Researchers tested whether using single stranded sutures could decrease miscarriage or stillbirth rates due to an increased risk of infection.
A new paper published in Global Strategy Journal argues that understanding locational strategy can give businesses an edge over competition. Locational decisions affect branding, human resources, and research and development. The study authors refine their approach to the topic by merging corporate strategy with economic geography.
A Rutgers study found that infants who died unexpectedly in the first week of life had different risk factors compared to those who died later. The study analyzed data from 2000 to 2015 and found that mothers of infants dying in the first week showed less evidence of common risk factors such as smoking during pregnancy.
A study found that students who moved to a new school location reported significantly less delinquency after the shift, with fewer delinquent friends and less unstructured socializing. The transition to a new academic setting might reduce levels of juvenile delinquency in the long run.
A large marine protected area in Hawaiʻi has led to the recovery of tunas and other large fish species. The Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument increased catch rates by 54% for yellowfin tuna, benefiting both the environment and the global tuna fishing industry.
A new study suggests that emergency departments saw 15 times more sexual assault-related visits in the past decade, with total hospital charges reaching $233 million in 2019. The study highlights disparities in health needs and admissions, with patients from lower incomes and government insurance plans being disproportionately admitted...
A Canadian study found that swift action to test for and mitigate radon gas reduces lifetime lung cancer risk by as much as 40%. Socio-economic factors, including economic barriers, contribute to delayed detection and mitigation of high radon levels.
Scientists developed new cyanopyrazine-based fluorophores that are 2.4 to 20 times more intense than analogues. The presence of a cyanogroup significantly increases the efficiency of OLEDs, leading to improved brightness.
Researchers found lower serum TDP-43 levels in patients with C9orf72 repeat expansion or motoneuron disease, distinguishing them from other FTD subtypes. This study suggests TDP-43 as a potential biomarker for diagnosing specific FTD subtypes, enabling patient-specific interventions.
Researchers found that mice fed high-fat diets during the active phase of their daily circadian cycle burned more calories, protecting them from diet-induced obesity. The enhanced thermogenesis depends on the circadian clock of adipocytes and a futile creatine cycle.
A study by the University of Turku found that red foxes can be deceived into not eating bird eggs with chemical camouflage, while raccoon dogs showed less effectiveness. The methods could provide an alternative to hunting and help protect vulnerable prey species.
Researchers have made a detailed study of the oldest map of the Coatzacoalcos river, showing its feasibility as a corridor between Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The Isthmus of Tehuantepec was used to shorten the journey by two-thirds along the river and one-third overland.
Researchers from University of Göttingen found that plant water stress, not termites, causes Namibia's fairy circles. The grasses within the circles died immediately after rainfall due to strong depletion of water, while surrounding grasses thrived.
A new system classifies atmospheres of distant planets to identify those suitable for future human habitation, without physically visiting them. The research study found that planet TRAPPIST-1e has a significantly more sensitive atmosphere than Earth, which could lead to extreme climate changes.
A Rutgers study found community-based groups more effective than health-care organizations in raising awareness of at-home testing availability and increasing its completion rates. The research suggests that partnerships between CBOs and HCOs are crucial to strengthen health outcomes.
Scientists have developed a compact, AI-powered spectrometer that can measure light at different wavelengths, enabling new applications in fields like environmental monitoring, medicine, and astronomy. The device is 100% electrically controllable regarding the colors of light it absorbs, making it scalable for widespread usability.
A genetic variant associated with low levels of HDL 'good' cholesterol and high triglycerides has been identified in Polynesian people. This discovery provides new insights into the genetic causes of high cholesterol and may lead to the development of more effective treatment options.
A new study from Cornell University proposes an efficient bidding strategy for wireless charging roads to minimize energy costs. By predicting real-time electricity loads, the algorithm can forecast prices and availability, reducing the energy cost for operators while alleviating pressure on power grids.
Researchers suggest new criteria for diagnosing sarcopenia, a syndrome characterized by loss of muscle mass and force, with lower cutoff points leading to improved prediction of mortality risk. The study found that raising handgrip strength thresholds can detect the onset of sarcopenia earlier and more accurately.
A team of researchers has identified specific neurons in the amygdala that drive mice to eat fatty or sugary foods, even when not hungry. Switching off these neurons reduced overeating and protected against obesity, while also boosting physical activity and improving metabolic health.
Researchers developed an AI-based model that combines artificial intelligence and weather forecast models to predict extreme wildfire danger with high accuracy. The new method can produce forecasts of extreme fire danger out to one week at finer scales (4km x 4km resolution), increasing its utility for fire suppression and management.
Researchers highlight climate-sensitive dermatological manifestations initiated or exacerbated by floods, wildfires, and extreme heat events. These events disproportionately affect marginalized populations, exacerbating existing health disparities.
Researchers linked TRY plant trait data to iNaturalist's vast dataset, creating more accurate global maps of plant traits. The new maps showed significant improvement over previous extrapolated products.
Research finds LA mountain lions are avoiding burned areas but crossing roads and traveling longer distances to find resources. The population is increasingly at risk due to habitat loss and human-wildlife conflict.
A large-scale genetic study has identified 42 DNA variants associated with dyslexia, revealing common genetic differences between boys and girls. The study also found a strong link between dyslexia and performance on reading and spelling tests.
The global ranger workforce is insufficient to manage current protected areas, with only 286,000 rangers needed for 20 million square kilometers. Increasing the workforce five-fold is necessary to meet the 30% conservation goal by 2030.
A team of WVU researchers is studying how people bounce back after disastrous flooding, using lessons learned from the 2016 West Virginia flood. The project aims to create a more effective framework for flood response and community recovery in West Virginia, with a focus on identifying gaps in organizational capacity and improving floo...
A study of over 700 adolescents who underwent puberty suppression and then started gender-affirming hormone treatment found that 98% continued use. The findings contradict recent concerns about regret and support the long-term benefits of hormone therapy for young people with gender dysphoria.
A banana protein-derived therapy called H84T-BanLec has been shown to be effective against all known strains of the flu and all human-infecting coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. The therapy works by binding to high-mannose glycans on the surface of viruses but rarely found on normal human cells.
A new stem cell study provides insight into how neurons from individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) respond to stress hormones. The research found that these cells are hypersensitive to the stress hormone hydrocortisone, which could help explain why some people develop PTSD after trauma exposure.
A new study suggests that state policies play a pivotal role in poverty levels, with some states having much more success than others in minimizing the risks associated with poverty. The study found that states with high penalties for unemployment and single motherhood tend to have higher poverty rates.
Researchers analyzed fossil records of three Mesozoic stick insect groups, revealing a trend towards slender body shapes and elongated mesothorax and metathorax. This adaptation likely aided the diversification of twig mimicry in response to emerging flowering plants.
Trinidadian killifish exhibit larger brain size in high-competition environments, increasing their ability to forage and survive. The study provides experimental evidence that brain size is an adaptive trait in dense populations.
Researchers identified barriers to optimal nutrition for para-athletes, highlighting the importance of understanding their concerns and struggles. A diet rich in vegetables was deemed ideal for improving athletic performance, but para-athletes often hesitate due to weight gain and lifestyle-related diseases.
The Regenstrief Institute and Indiana Department of Health are collaborating on an influenza surveillance data pilot study to analyze the spread of Influenza in Indiana. The partnership aims to identify patterns and hot spots throughout the state to inform public health strategies.
Researchers have successfully regulated and detected the magnetization state of non-collinear antiferromagnet Mn3Sn using an all-electrical method. This breakthrough enables high read/write efficiency and low net magnetic moment, making Mn3Sn a promising material for topological antiferromagnetic spintronics.
The Southern Ocean's ecosystem is facing major stressors from climate change, including melting sea ice and ocean acidification. Overfishing of species such as toothfish and krill is predicted to exacerbate environmental impacts on the entire ecosystem.
These coals exhibit a papery, sheet-like nature when weathered, dominated by ribbon-like cutinites. Researchers found abundant n-alkanes, hopanes, and other organic compounds indicating pteridophytes as the main plant source.
A study found that individuals with dark personality traits, such as narcissism and psychopathy, are more susceptible to fake news. Epistemic beliefs, which prioritize personal interests over evidence-based information, play a significant role in this susceptibility.
A new study from the University of Waterloo and Statistics Canada finds that inexperienced Canadian women entrepreneurs see more success when partnering with experienced men than women or going solo. The research highlights significant barriers faced by women in business, including negative stereotypes and limited access to financing.
A new study co-authored by Yale sociologist Emma Zang found that college-educated Black women give birth to fewer children than their white and Hispanic counterparts. The study also showed that Black and Hispanic women without college degrees have more births than similarly educated white women. Highly educated women tend to have fewer...
The American Gastroenterological Association releases new guidelines recommending medications paired with lifestyle changes for adults struggling to lose weight. The guidelines highlight the importance of treating obesity as a biological disease, reducing health complications like diabetes and fatty liver.
Researchers deciphered descriptions of four constellations from the Hipparchus Star Catalogue, refuting a long-held idea about its relation to Claudius Ptolemy's catalogue. The study confirms Hipparchus' data as accurate to the nearest degree, making it a significant advancement in reconstructing the ancient astronomical text.
A new curriculum aims to integrate nutrition education into medical students' general undergraduate training, highlighting its importance in patient care and disease management. The curriculum is designed to equip future doctors with knowledge and skills to consider nutrition's role in patient conditions.
A nationwide study found that mRNA vaccines significantly reduced the severity of Delta and Omicron COVID-19 infections in vaccinated individuals. The study, involving over 1,199 participants, also showed that breakthrough cases were more likely with Delta and Omicron variants but still limited by the vaccine's effectiveness.
Researchers found that male mice were three times more likely to survive E. coli infection due to sex-biased lipid metabolism, which may hold risks for males in today's high-calorie environment. The study identified a signaling pathway regulating lipids and growth hormone as potential therapeutic targets for fatty liver disease.
A study by researchers at ICES, Lawson Health Research Institute, and Western University found that virtual care during the pandemic led to significant environmental and patient cost savings. Virtual visits represented approximately 0.2% of total annual carbon dioxide emissions in Ontario and estimated $63 million in patient cost savings.
Researchers from UC Berkeley used rock analysis to determine that the valley's impressive depth was formed since 10 million years ago, with most of it carved in the past 5 million years. The study employed a novel technique called helium-4/helium-3 thermochronometry to reconstruct the temperature history of the rocks.
Researchers developed a new principle for estimating gravity direction in flying insects and drones by combining optical flow with movement modeling. This allows them to determine the direction of gravity in most situations except when completely stationary, which destabilizes their flight.
Aalto University researchers have created a single microchip-sized spectrometer that can detect and analyze light across thousands of colors with high accuracy. This miniaturized device has the potential to revolutionize various industries, including quality inspection, biomedical analysis, and space telescopes.
A new study reveals that middle-aged women are held back in their careers due to a perceived lack of 'niceness', with evaluations decreasing after the age of 40. The research, led by UC Berkeley's Jennifer Chatman, found that both men and women become more capable with age but only women are seen as less warm, leading to harsher judgme...
Researchers observed chimpanzees exhibiting unintentional synchronisation in their steps when walking next to each other, suggesting a shared human trait. The study found that chimps showed inter-individual coordination in walking, with 79% of cases mirroring each other's movements within 0.5 seconds.
The world's largest fully protected marine protected area, Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, provides spillover benefits for migratory species like bigeye and yellowfin tuna. Research reveals the protections of these regions also affect populations outside their borders.
Researchers at King's College London found that eating almonds increases butyrate production, promoting gut health and potentially alleviating constipation. The study also showed improved nutrient intake and a positive impact on the gut microbiome.
A recent study found that alligators in the Cape Fear River basin have elevated levels of PFAS chemicals in their blood serum, leading to clinical and genetic indicators of immune system effects. The research team detected a significant association between PFAS exposure and autoimmune-like phenotypes in the affected alligators.
This study found a significant increase in sexual assault emergency department visits from 2006 to 2019, surpassing the growth of law enforcement reports. Meanwhile, admission rates for sexual assault patients decreased during this period.
Researchers at Osaka University have demonstrated the relativistic contraction of an electric field produced by fast-moving charged particles, as predicted by Einstein’s theory. This effect, corresponding to Lorentz transformation of electromagnetic potentials, has been observed using ultrafast electro-optic measurements.
Marc-Antoni Racing has licensed patented energy storage technologies from Oak Ridge National Laboratory for fast-charging batteries in electric vehicles. The technologies aim to break the barrier to fast-charging power-dense lithium-ion batteries, reducing vehicle charging time to under 15 minutes.
Researchers from Technical University of Denmark and Chalmers University of Technology have achieved a world record in data transmission by transmitting 1.8 petabits per second using only a single laser and optical chip, significantly reducing power consumption and climate footprint.
A new study from The Primals Project at the University of Pennsylvania challenges the long-held assumption that conservatives see the world as more dangerous than liberals. Instead, researchers found that both conservatives and liberals view the world as similarly dangerous, with a hierarchical worldview playing a significant role in s...
A team co-led by CityU developed a wearable electrotactile rendering system that can mimic the sensation of touch with high spatial resolution and a rapid response rate. The device has various application potential, including enhancing VR/AR experiences and facilitating work in thick gloves.
A new study has discovered that MTCH2, a protein essential in various cellular processes, acts as a 'door' for proteins to access the mitochondrial membrane. The finding opens up potential avenues for cancer treatments by harnessing apoptosis, a programmed cell death mechanism.
Magma is rising to about 6 miles from a depth of 12 miles, causing earthquakes and surface deformation. The new approach could lead to earlier detection of volcanic unrest in Alaska.
A survey among European gay-dating app users found a 82% crude vaccination acceptance rate. Willingness to vaccinate increased with factors like perceived severity of monkeypox, transmission risk, and existing health links. Higher acceptance rates were seen in northern and western Europe compared to southern and eastern regions.
Researchers developed a new technique using femtosecond laser pulses to fabricate precision ultrathin mirrors for space telescopes. The method can help correct errors in mirror fabrication and enable sharper images of astronomical x-rays.
A new study found that black-coated wolves are less likely to die during a canine distemper virus outbreak than gray-coated wolves. However, black wolves have lower reproductive success compared to grey wolves in areas without the disease.
Researchers have developed a vertically oriented 2D Ruddlesden–Popper phase perovskite passivation layer for efficient and stable inverted PSCs. The new design achieved a champion PCE of 21.4% in devices with outstanding humidity and thermal stability.
A US study of 166,000 childbirths from 2018-2021 found persistent racial and ethnic disparities in severe maternal morbidity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Policy reforms to address residential segregation and structural racism are warranted to improve maternal health.
Researchers at Duke University have developed a novel treatment that combines internal radiation and chemotherapy to eliminate tumors in 80% of mice with pancreatic cancer. The approach uses a gel-like depot implanted with radioactive iodine-131, which deposits beta radiation directly into the tumor without affecting surrounding tissue.
Researchers studied ketene conversion over H-SAPO-11 using kinetic analysis and spectroscopy. They found two pathways: acetyl species following acetic acid ketonization or acetoacetyl species via keto-enol tautomerism with water.
OsAGO1d binds 22-nt miRNAs to generate phasiRNAs important for low-temperature male fertility in rice. Loss of OsAGO1d function causes delayed programmed cell death and sterility.
Researchers probed local structure and magnetic properties of a Mn-rich Cantor alloy using EXAFS and XMCD techniques. The results show complex magnetic ordering with coexistence of different phases, consistent with macroscopic behavior.
Scientists have discovered a way to control Panama disease in bananas using specialized anti-fungal chemistries, providing hope for the global banana supply. The study's findings reveal that these chemistries can suppress the disease and maintain plant health, opening new avenues for efficient control strategies.
Scientists used a noninvasive tool of chewed plants to monitor mountain gorillas for human herpesviruses, finding no evidence of infection among the free-ranging gorillas. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of personalized health care for endangered mountain gorillas using this relatively new technique.
Researchers have mapped the critical protein structure of the Hepatitis C virus, revealing key sites of vulnerability that can be targeted with vaccines. The discovery could lead to an effective HCV vaccine, which would eliminate the virus as a public health burden.
The study reveals that a genetic mutation can accelerate the body's internal clock, leading to improved adjustment to shift work schedules. The findings have implications for understanding the health consequences of circadian misalignment and developing medical treatments.
A recent study published in Nature Human Behavior found that posed smiles can increase happiness. The Many Smiles Collaboration, led by Stanford researcher Nicholas Coles, involved over 3,800 participants from 19 countries and used three techniques to encourage smiling, with the pen-in-mouth method showing no significant effect.
The researchers developed a conformable multimodal sensor face mask (cMaSK) with 17 sensors around the edge of the mask that measure capacitance, temperature, humidity, air pressure, and other parameters. The study found that mask fit was significantly worse for women than men due to gender-related differences in face shape and size.
A study in Medical Care found that rates of prenatal care among foreign-born Latinx pregnant people decreased below expected levels during the 2016 presidential campaign. The researchers suggest that harmful anti-immigrant rhetoric may have contributed to this decline, particularly among those who fear deportation.
A study published in Urology Practice reports that single-port robotic surgery leads to better cosmetic outcomes, increased patient satisfaction, and lower self-consciousness regarding scar appearance compared to multiport robots. Patients undergoing single-portal surgery also spend fewer days in the hospital.
The new EULAR points-to-consider support individuals with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) by acknowledging the benefits of staying in work, including increased self-worth and financial independence. These principles aim to optimise work-life balance and support physical and mental health.
A new Northwestern Medicine study identifies common and rare gene mutations that impact radiation resistance and sensitivity. This information will allow clinicians to better calibrate radiation doses based on genetic mutations, improving treatment efficacy while reducing toxicity.
eLife is ending its practice of making accept/reject decisions following peer review, instead publishing every paper it reviews as a Reviewed Preprint. This new model restores control to authors, promoting the assessment of scientists based on their research output rather than publication venue.
A meta-analysis of 410 articles from 68 countries found that patients in lower-income countries take up to four times longer to initiate care for cancer treatment. Cancers causing non-specific symptoms, such as myeloma and colorectal cancer, typically take the longest to diagnose.
Research at Northwestern University finds that eating during the daytime is ideal for dissipating energy as heat, while nighttime eating disrupts this process. This study's findings have broad implications for dieting, sleep loss, and patient nutrition, particularly in cases of Type II Diabetes.
Researchers used data from 100,000 UK Biobank participants to develop predictive models of mortality risk using only 6 minutes of steady walking collected by smartphone sensors. These models achieved similar accuracy to traditional measures of gait speed and walk pace.
A new study by University of Arkansas researchers found that the firms experiencing greater returns around the date of senator's purchase disclosure have direct jurisdiction over them through a committee assignment or sponsorship. This suggests investors' perception of senators trading on inside information may be inaccurate over time.
A recent study by the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International analyzed demographic data over 50 years to understand factors influencing mountain gorilla population growth. The research found that increased group density led to slower reproduction in females, resulting in a significant slowing of population growth.
Engineers at Rice University have discovered a method to make oxygen evolution catalysis in acids more economical and practical. They replaced rare and expensive iridium with ruthenium, a far more abundant precious metal, as the positive-electrode catalyst in a reactor that splits water into hydrogen and oxygen.
A new study reveals that ancient regulatory genetic elements play a crucial role in creating butterfly wing patterns. Deeply conserved non-coding DNA sequences underlie the evolution of phenotypic traits across thousands of closely related species.
A recent study published in Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport reveals that high aerobic fitness does not protect children from metabolic syndrome. In contrast, a lower risk was observed when considering body size and composition.
Researchers found that short-term changes in health of juvenile sockeye salmon are related to the quality of zooplankton, not biomass or composition. This highlights concerns about climate change affecting ocean conditions and salmon populations.
Research from the University of Oxford and Yellowstone National Park found that wolves with black coats are more likely to survive canine distemper virus (CDV) outbreaks. This suggests that the gene for a black coat may provide protection against the virus, leading to its increased frequency in areas with CDV outbreaks.
Current high levels of fishing in Antarctica's Southern Ocean, combined with climate change, are taking a concerning toll on the region. The authors argue that allowing continued fishing will jeopardize this ecosystem and is increasingly unsustainable.
A study by the University of Queensland found that 65% of childcare centers in rural areas provide meals, while those in disadvantaged communities face significant challenges. The provision of high-quality food is essential for children's learning and development, yet many families struggle to afford nutritious meals.