A 12-month video-based weight loss programme has shown significant improvements in metabolic health and dietary behaviour among children with obesity. The study, presented at the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology Meeting, found that participants lost weight and made better food choices.
Researchers from Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology developed a method to control active layer morphology in organic solar cells using water treatment. This approach led to more uniform thin films and higher power conversion efficiencies compared to non-treated samples. The study paves the way for large-scale, efficient organi...
Researchers Susanne Horn and Jonathan Aurnou have refined and expanded upon Elbert's original predictions about the generation of planetary magnetic fields. They predict different regimes of convective behavior when subject to both rotation and magnetic fields, making new predictions for planetary and stellar magnetic field generation.
Scientists at Duke-NUS Medical School have discovered the critical role of small microproteins in assembling larger protein complexes inside energy-generating cell components known as mitochondria. The study highlights how microproteins regulate energy supply and mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction, a feature underlying various diseases.
Researchers create a new kind of nanozyme that can be triggered by near-infrared light to kill cancer cells through a synergistic cascade mechanism. The nanozyme generates hydroxyl radicals and oxidative stress, enhancing the therapeutic effect of chemodynamic therapy.
A team of EMBL researchers used data from over 300 human faecal microbiota transplants to investigate the ecological understanding of what happens when two gut microbiomes clash together. The study found that species richness and how different a recipient's gut microbiome is from a donor's are key factors in determining which microorga...
Researchers developed an AI diagnostic tool called CheXzero that can detect diseases on chest X-rays from natural-language descriptions contained in accompanying clinical reports. The model performed on par with human radiologists and was trained without laborious human annotation of data, making it a major advance in clinical AI design.
A team of scientists has solved the structure of cystinosin and determined how mutations interfere with its normal function. This provides insights into the underlying mechanisms and suggests a way to develop new treatments for the devastating genetic disease.
A synthetic prophylactic gel developed at KTH Royal Institute of Technology has shown promising results in lab tests, with a 70% effectiveness rate against HIV and an 80% effectiveness rate against herpes.
Researchers at Kyoto University designed a shared-laughter AI system to build empathy into dialogue between robots and humans. The system was tested on the Japanese android Erica, performing better than baseline models in evaluating empathy, naturalness, and human-likeness.
A recent study found that a quarter of Australians have a human-centric relationship with nature and a strong desire to protect the environment. This challenges the stereotype that right-leaning voters care less about taking steps to protect the environment and its biodiversity.
A new study by San Diego State University analyzed 332,277 TripAdvisor guest reviews and found that designated smoking and non-smoking rooms are insufficient for protecting guests from thirdhand smoke. Hotels that adopted 100% smoke-free policies had significantly fewer complaints related to tobacco pollution.
A study from USC Dornsife reveals that moral values, including care, fairness, loyalty, authority, and purity, predict regional differences in COVID-19 vaccination rates. Counties with residents prioritizing purity were less likely to be vaccinated, while those emphasizing loyalty and fairness had higher vaccination rates.
Researchers have found that nanoplastics can enter human liver and lung cells, disrupting their regular processes and causing inflammation, toxicity, and neurological changes. The study reveals that nanoplastics can alter metabolic pathways, including the production of reactive oxygen species and nucleotides.
A study published in Nature Medicine found that higher levels of microbiota engraftment correlate with better clinical responses to FMT. The research used genomic sequencing and AI to analyze over 1,300 gut samples from donors and patients with various diseases.
Researchers developed an open-source tool set to analyze river longitudinal profiles using Matlab scripts. The tool integrates functions for drainage basin calibration, channel steepness estimation, and paleo-channel profile projection, providing insights into tectonic activity and uplift rates.
A large-scale international study has identified dozens of gut bacteria associated with multiple sclerosis, revealing potential new mechanisms for disease development and treatment response. The study also found geographical location and participant's disease status as significant factors influencing gut microbiome variations.
Indiana University's Roger Innes leads a $1.2 million research grant project to create Fusarium Head Blight-resistant wheat and barley using genome editing techniques. The goal is to reduce dependence on environmentally damaging pesticides and increase crop yields.
A new study found that teenagers' exploration of their environment is associated with enhanced psychological well-being and larger social networks. Higher levels of exploration are also linked to increased risk-taking behaviors.
The Bioteque computational tool integrates vast amounts of biological data, providing insights into gene functions, protein interactions, and disease connections. By analyzing over 30 million functional interactions, the tool can predict drug sensitivity and accelerate biomedical research.
Non-traditional lifestyle interventions, such as physical activity, sleep habits and nutrition, can effectively reduce depressive symptoms in adolescents. These interventions are cost-effective, versatile, and can be implemented by both licensed and non-licensed providers.
The Rising Black Scientists Awards has expanded its scope to include the physical, earth and environmental sciences, with key support from the Elsevier Foundation. Winners will receive $10,000 to support their research and a $500 travel grant.
Researchers have created the first charts of Antarctic ocean temperatures over the past 45 million years using molecular fossils and machine learning. The study suggests that the planet is nearing a 'tipping point' where ocean warming caused by CO2 will lead to catastrophic sea level rises.
A recent study found that the immune response to COVID-19 booster vaccination decreases over five months, with a slower decline in antibody levels after the third dose compared to the second. The neutralizing response to the Omicron variant was also found to be lower than other variants of concern.
A new study published in PLOS Medicine found that people with hospital-treated infections in early- and mid-life had a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The research analyzed data on over 291,000 cases and matched controls to identify the association between infections and neurodegenerativ...
A new review highlights the need for more research on the effects of wildfires on water quality in watersheds. The study found that pollutants from burned structures can exceed regulatory limits and affect the surrounding ecosystem, leading to increased risk of water contamination.
Researchers at UT Southwestern have identified a gene therapy target for polycystic kidney disease (PKD), which could lead to the arrest or cure of the condition. By blocking the inhibition of PKD1 and PKD2 gene expression, the researchers found that kidney cyst growth was hindered in ADPKD models.
A new study suggests that Saturn's tilted axis is due to the loss of an ancient moon, Chrysalis, which collided with the planet around 160 million years ago. The collision caused the satellite to break apart, releasing fragments that formed the planet's rings and leaving Saturn out of Neptune's gravitational resonance.
The Stevens ACES program has been awarded a $750,000 grant to expand its STEM education initiatives in underserved communities. The program provides full-tuition scholarships and academic support to high school students from these communities, with a remarkable success record for inspiring students to pursue STEM careers.
Researchers at the University of Oklahoma and Iowa State University are exploring a four-year project to create carbon-neutral or carbon-negative hydrogen energy by converting methane into solid carbon. The team aims to create new value from the byproduct, solid carbon, which could benefit society in various ways.
A recent study led by Veronika Somoza found that egg powder is a valuable source of essential nutrients, including vitamins and indispensable amino acids. The researchers discovered that the drying process did not lead to contamination with heavy metals and that egg powder can provide up to 61% of a child's daily requirement for selenium.
Peng Hailin's group reports a novel dielectric material, β-Bi2SeO5, with excellent insulativity and high dielectric constant. The ultrathin single-crystalline dielectric can be scaled down to an EOT of 0.41 nm in two-dimensional field-effect transistors, meeting the requirements of the International Roadmap for Devices and Systems.
A large-scale experimental study by Harvard, Stanford, and MIT researchers found that weaker social connections on LinkedIn have a greater beneficial effect on job mobility than stronger ties. Weaker ties increased the likelihood of job mobility the most, while strongest ties had the least impact.
Researchers found a remarkable record of how the East Antarctic Ice Sheet responded to changes in climate over 100,000 years, with cycles of melting and freezing driven by Southern Ocean temperatures. The study provides new insights into the sensitivity of the ice sheet to small, short-term climate fluctuations.
Researchers have developed a new error correction technique called MBE-CQEC, which uses continuous measurement to detect and correct quantum errors. This approach is potentially powerful for quantum computers, but still requires experimental validation and has limitations as the number of qubits increases.
The World Health Organization (WHO) strongly recommends against the use of sotrovimab and casirivimab-imdevimab in COVID-19 patients due to their limited effectiveness against currently circulating variants, such as Omicron. In contrast, remdesivir is recommended for severe COVID-19 cases with a modest survival benefit.
The Van Andel Institute has been awarded a five-year contract to continue serving as the biorepository for the Cancer Moonshot Biobank study. The institute will assemble and distribute kits to collect tumor tissue, blood, and other biospecimens from over 1,000 participants, contributing to a greater understanding of cancer.
Adults with ADHD are more than twice as likely to develop at least one cardiovascular disease compared to those without the condition. The study found that ADHD is an independent risk factor for a wide range of cardiovascular diseases, including cardiac arrest and peripheral vascular diseases.
Researchers from Hefei Institutes of Physical Science developed a new method using a semiconductor optical amplifier to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio and improve the precision of atmospheric CO2 column measurements. The novel approach, published in Optics Letter, has great potential for remote sensing of atmospheric greenhouse gases.
The study found that CP-673451 upregulates BTLA expression on immunocytes, reducing sepsis-related mortality and organ damage. CP-673451 treatment also reduced immune cell apoptosis and inflammation markers.
The Arabian Gulf's seasonal near-bottom hypoxic zone has expanded by over 50% since the 1980s, persisting for several months each year. This decline in oxygen concentrations threatens regional fisheries and marine biodiversity.
Scientists developed a laser-based zebrafish model to simulate traumatic brain injuries and identify molecular targets for treatment. The model revealed the importance of microglia activation and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in brain recovery.
Researchers are developing wearable tonometric sensors that can collect blood pressure data without disrupting patients' sleep. The new cuffless monitoring system uses gecko-inspired adhesion technology to provide accurate readings.
Researchers found that the Southern cattail plant can scavenge up to 34 times more manganese from contaminated soil than other plants. The study suggests its potential for sustainable rehabilitation of areas affected by iron mine tailings, demonstrating its high efficiency in phytoremediation.
Researchers propose using stratospheric aerosol injections to slow global warming by reducing solar radiation at high latitudes. The study suggests this approach is both effective and cost-efficient.
A new study from Lund University found that solitary bees ingesting the pesticide clothianidin resulted in slower bees and smaller strawberries. The research team also discovered that the substance impaired the bees' ability to pollinate strawberry flowers, highlighting the complex effects of pesticides on bee behavior.
Researchers from Hiroshima University developed a comprehensive framework to improve carbon-cutting policies in China. The model takes into account various factors, including behavior, land use planning and energy consumption, to provide a fuller picture for policymakers.
Exceptionally well-preserved fossilized soft-tissue organs from Devonian-age placoderms have provided new insights into the early evolution of jawed vertebrates. The discovery sheds light on major changes to skeletal and soft tissue anatomy, revealing a flat S-shaped heart separated from other abdominal organs.
A new MIT study suggests that current opacity models used by astronomers may not be accurate enough to interpret the precise light-based signals from the James Webb Space Telescope. The researchers predict that properties of planetary atmospheres, such as temperature and elemental composition, could be off by an order of magnitude if e...
A team of ShanghaiTech University scientists has determined the cryo-electron microscopy structures of human bitter taste receptor TAS2R46 complexed with G protein, revealing distinct receptor structures and a new toggle switch residue. These features suggest diverse ligand-recognition and activation processes.
Researchers have found that delivering a cellular metabolite via tiny particles called nanoliposomes can augment the beneficial effects of certain anti-leukemia drugs in models of acute myeloid leukemia. The study also uncovered several mechanisms behind these effects.
A study by Osaka Metropolitan University's Professor Shogo Makioka and colleagues investigates embodied cognition mechanisms in the brain. The researchers found that when participants' hands were restrained, brain activity related to semantic processing of words decreased, and verbal responses became slower. These findings support the ...
Researchers found that 12% of cancer survivors lived in poverty, experiencing negative effects on physical and mental health. Financial burden of cancer care persists years after diagnosis, leading to poor health outcomes and increased mortality.
Researchers found that using 'cracking' technology to break down exhaled nitrous oxide can significantly reduce ambient levels in maternity settings. The study showed a 71-81% reduction in nitrous oxide levels when using specific masks and coaching, suggesting pregnant women should be offered device choice options.
Researchers from Rice University and partners identified three promising candidate materials using a new framework that cross-references information in a database of known materials with theoretical calculations. The method could help explore strongly correlated topological matter, a large and largely uninvestigated landscape.
A recent study found that certain gut microbial strains evolved alongside humans, exhibiting genetic diversity tied to human populations. This codiversification highlights the importance of understanding population-specific microbes in shaping human health.
Researchers identified two distinct stromal cell subsets in mouse lymph nodes, CD41+ Lyve1+ and CD41+ Lyve1-, with different functions. The CD41+ Lyve1- subset provides a microenvironment for immune cell interaction, while the CD41+ Lyve1+ subset is recycled throughout the body to replenish the subset in the lymph nodes.
Researchers from the University of Portsmouth have adapted a PICK chart and mathematical goal-seeking technique to prioritize maritime safety and security needs in the ANA region. The new method aims to ensure that pressing research and innovation are undertaken among governments, industry, and security organizations.
A new study has found associations between plasma miRNAs and cognitive function among cognitively normal men, including those with higher MMSE scores and slower rates of cognitive decline. These findings suggest that extracellular microRNAs may play a role in the early stages of cognitive decline.
Claes H. Dohlman, considered the founder of modern cornea science, is honored with the prestigious Champalimaud Vision Award for his groundbreaking research on corneal physiology and its applications in treating dry eye disease, corneal burns, and keratoprosthesis.