A UCLA-led team has discovered the nerve supply that activates brown adipose tissue, a potential key to treating obesity. The study found nerve branches in all eight cadavers dissected, which may lead to using nerves to stimulate BAT activity for weight loss.
A systematic review found conversion practices affecting approximately 1 in 10 sexual and gender minority populations, with significant variations across countries, racial groups, and sex assignments. The study's results highlight the need for increased awareness and support for individuals experiencing these practices.
Researchers found tirzepatide equally effective in treating young-onset and late-onset type 2 diabetes, improving HbA1c levels and weight. The drug also showed similar benefits in cardiometabolic markers such as waist circumference and blood pressure.
Researchers at Hokkaido University report the discovery of a stranded ginkgo-toothed beaked whale from Southern Hokkaido, revealing new insights into the species' distribution and ecology. The finding expands the species' known range to include colder waters of the North Pacific.
Researchers analyzed grinding tools from Jebel Oraf in northern Saudi Arabia, revealing the processing of plants, pigments, and bones. Use-wear analysis showed that tools were re-used for different purposes, providing insight into the subsistence and economy of Neolithic populations.
Research reveals human occupation in Charco Verde II site from 21,000 to 15,000 years ago, defying the idea that Upper Palaeolithic humans avoided inland Iberia due to its cold climate.
Researchers at Oregon State University have discovered a novel genus and species of micro-wasp with mysterious, bulbous structures on its antennae. The discovery, published in the journal Life, provides new insights into the biology and ecology of ancient insects.
A team of researchers at Penn State has developed an electronic tongue that can mimic human taste preferences, providing a possible blueprint for AI that processes information more like a human being. This innovation could lead to AI-curated diets based on emotional intelligence and personalized meal offerings in restaurants.
Research in Seattle's Democracy Vouchers program found a significant increase in voter turnout, with candidates relying more on small contributions. The study suggests that public financing programs can help address problems of low voter turnout and disproportionate influence of big donors.
Researchers have identified a new pattern in the global jet stream that locks in extreme winter cold or wet conditions over North America and Europe. The study found that this pattern, known as wave-4, triples the chances of extreme cold or wet, while also causing abnormally warm or dry conditions.
A new study by Boston University researchers found that Black women aged 18-65 have a 20% higher risk of suicide compared to white women in the lowest income bracket. The study analyzed data from the National Inpatient Sample database and identified factors associated with self-inflicted injuries among female hospital patients.
A breakthrough technique has been developed by University of Oxford researchers to repair brain injuries using 3D printing. Neural cells can be printed to mimic the architecture of the cerebral cortex, showing structural and functional integration with host tissue.
A new method was developed to predict organ motion in cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy, utilizing cross-sectional images from three orientations. The results showed improved accuracy when analyzing all three directions, with errors reduced to as low as 2.13mm.
A new nasal vaccine is being developed to provide long-term protection against Streptococcus A, a deadly bacteria causing 700 million human infections annually. The vaccine approach uses a liposome-based delivery system and has shown robust local protective immunity.
The Ohio State University has been awarded a $20 million grant to conduct research on tobacco product regulation and its impact on public health. The center will examine how nicotine levels affect tobacco use, develop strategies to reduce youth appeal, and monitor the tobacco industry's marketing tactics.
Research found honeybees choose certain plants based on nutritional needs, selecting a fraction of available options to fulfill their requirements. This knowledge is crucial for ensuring food security and availability of suitable flowers throughout the summer.
Researchers at UCF developed a new class of optical modulators to address limitations in data transfer over optical fiber communication, reducing lag and improving reliability. The technology uses phase diversity and differential operations to ensure accurate and efficient transmission.
Researchers from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center presented new findings on radiation-induced secondary cancers, a new guidance system for radiation therapy, and the consequences of insurance denials. The studies aimed to improve personalized treatment decisions for patients with rare cancer syndromes like Li-Fraumeni syndrome.
A portable laboratory device can rapidly detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA from environmental surfaces, holding promise for scenarios where access to testing labs is challenging. The device uses a compact centrifuge and PCR technology to provide highly sensitive on-site detection.
New research from Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory explores how adult brains adapt through critical periods of learning, such as caring for young. MECP2 dysfunction causes neurodevelopmental disorder Rett syndrome, but the study finds that brain circuits can be rapidly rewired in adults.
A recent study by Northumbria University reveals that firms with LGBT CEOs are substantially underestimated and undervalued on the stock market. The researchers found that such companies outperform the market by 0.69%-1.08% per month, making them a hidden gem of an investment opportunity.
A study by the University of Exeter found that hot weather reduces workers' productivity even in climate-controlled factories. Productivity dropped by 0.83% for every 1°C increase in outdoor temperature, resulting in a worker producing 22.6 to 33.4 fewer wafers.
The Second International Consensus Report on Precision Diabetes Medicine addresses the need for personalized approaches in diabetes care. The report highlights the potential of precision medicine to improve prevention and treatment outcomes by accounting for disease heterogeneity.
Researchers developed a novel approach to predict therapeutic targets for aging and age-related diseases. They trained a domain-specific BioGPT model on biomedical literature, which improved its performance in identifying prospective targets.
The estimated ADHD prevalence among children and adolescents in the US was 10.08% to 10.47% from 2017 to 2022, similar to previous estimates. No significant annual change in prevalence was found during this period.
Researchers analyzed UK data to identify patterns of illnesses in individuals leading up to a type 2 diabetes diagnosis. High blood pressure, respiratory tract infections, heart conditions, and asthma were commonly observed, suggesting earlier diagnosis may be possible.
A new method using big data and AI models the interactions of entire ecological communities across continents, revealing patterns of biodiversity. The collaboration between Cornell Lab of Ornithology and Cornell Institute for Computational Sustainability provides vital information for conservation efforts.
A recent University of Helsinki study reveals that bird communities inside and outside protected areas are converging due to climate change, posing challenges for conservation. Southern species are accelerating community-level change, spreading northward in search of suitable climates.
Researchers developed a software that can accurately detect intricate details of emotions in parents, even in everyday family life. The study uses machine learning techniques to analyze facial expressions from videos taken at home, providing potential early intervention opportunities for mood and mental health disorders.
A team of researchers has developed a stable, long-lasting superhydrophobic surface with a plastron that can last for months underwater. The surface repels blood and prevents the adhesion of marine organisms, making it valuable for biomedical applications such as reducing infection after surgery.
A substantial burden of RSV-associated hospitalizations was found in Canadian pediatric hospitals, especially among infants under six months. The study suggests that preventive strategies for these young infants could lead to decreased RSV disease burden in children.
A genome-wide association study reveals 34 genes potentially involved in choosing a vegetarian diet, including those related to lipid metabolism and brain function. The findings suggest that genetics play a role in the ability to subsist on a vegetarian diet.
Researchers have identified a crucial host protein, SND1, that plays a key role in SARS-CoV-2 replication. The virus uses its own protein NSP9 as a primer for RNA synthesis, which is facilitated by SND1 binding to negative-sense viral RNA.
X- and y-type thioredoxins play a crucial role in maintaining the redox balance of photosynthesis during fluctuating light conditions. The study found that these proteins facilitate electron transport through the electron transport chain, preventing photoinhibition and promoting plant growth.
Simultaneous large wildfires will become more frequent in the Western United States due to climate change, putting a strain on firefighting efforts. The study found that peak seasons for simultaneous blazes could be several weeks longer by the end of the century, affecting resource allocation and prevention strategies.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have shown that graphene oxide nanoflakes can reduce the accumulation of misfolded amyloid peptides in yeast cells, which are similar to human neurons affected by Alzheimer's disease. This suggests that graphene oxide may hold great potential for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
A new pilot study at the University of Illinois Chicago found that 30% of new dads screened positive for postpartum depression, highlighting the importance of asking new dads about their mental health. The researchers believe that addressing fathers' health can be a powerful untapped tool in improving maternal health.
The University of Missouri's Missouri Work Zone Safety Center of Excellence aims to reduce fatalities and serious injuries in highway work zones through research and outreach. The center will focus on integrating emerging technologies, data analysis, and countermeasures to address distracted driving and other safety concerns.
Researchers at the University of Vienna discovered that domestic cats can produce low-pitched purring sounds without cyclical neural input. This finding contradicts previous theories and suggests a more complex brain-body connection in cat vocalization.
The Australian Long COVID services lack several categories, including early investigation, accessibility, and trustworthy public health information. Researchers propose building a response on US and UK guidelines that prioritize early detection, mental health support, and referral to multidisciplinary clinics.
A new study using wastewater surveillance has predicted the start of the annual RSV season 12 days early, allowing hospitals to prepare and allocate resources effectively. The study used real-time wastewater measurements to forecast the surge in pediatric RSV cases, providing a population-level early warning signal for the community.
A new study has identified commonly prescribed antibiotic, antipsychotic and prokinetic drugs as being associated with a higher risk of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Low fasting blood sugar levels are also linked to SCA, a leading cause of death.
The new research project examines the associations between relationship events and partners' personalities, focusing on socialization effects. Couples will be asked about their everyday lives to understand how situations evolve.
A new analysis estimates that switching all pet dogs and cats to vegan diets could spare nearly 2 billion land-based livestock animals yearly in the US, and nearly 7 billion globally. This could lead to significant reductions in environmental impacts such as land use, water consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions.
A large-scale clinical study confirms the validity of the Vienna Prediction Model in identifying low-risk patients with venous thromboembolism who may not require long-term blood thinning. The model's accuracy was found to be 5.2% after one year for patients with a low relapse risk, but adjustments were made to correct imprecision.
Researchers from Imperial College London and the University of Nottingham used machine learning to identify 'atomic shapes' that form basic pieces of geometry in higher dimensions. The findings reveal unexpected patterns in these shapes and demonstrate the potential for machine learning to accelerate mathematical discoveries.
Researchers at Tohoku University have developed a model predicting torque generated from electrical stimulation in stick insect leg muscles, allowing for precise control of insect movement. The study's findings have the potential to refine motor control of tuned biohybrid robots and enable adaptable devices with various applications.
Researchers studied how insects evolved two distinct flight strategies using robots and biophysicists. They found that asynchronous flight evolved together in a common ancestor, but some groups reverted back to synchronous flight.
A new study from the University of Michigan found significant racial disparities in preparedness for aging in place, with 40% of older Black adults living with a disability. Researchers highlight factors such as income, disability status, and household composition that negatively impact minority aging.
Researchers at Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine successfully created full thickness human bioprinted skin, promoting quicker healing and more naturally appearing outcomes. The bioprinted skin facilitated human-like skin architecture in vivo, with improved wound closure, reduced scarring, and enhanced tissue formation.
Researchers from CHOP and the University of Pennsylvania found that teenagers living in lower-income areas are up to four times less likely to complete driver training and obtain their license before age 18. Long travel times to driving schools also impacted enrollment, affecting those from both high- and low-income areas.
Researchers present a groundbreaking approach to create detailed neuronal models that can represent individual cells or predefined types, offering insights into biophysical properties and generalizability. The workflow uses evolutionary algorithms and open-source tools to optimize model parameters and achieve high similarity scores.
A new study aims to identify environmental and social factors contributing to Alzheimer's disease in older Black adults, who are up to two times more likely to develop the condition. Using remote cognitive assessments and biomarkers, researchers hope to gain a better understanding of the biopsychosocial factors behind this disparity.
Researchers discovered NKG2A receptors as potential targets to overcome immunotherapy resistance in breast cancer, offering a promising approach for treating immunotherapy-resistant triple-negative breast cancer patients.
A research team at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf identified a key gene and molecular mechanism that determine the sex of honeybees. The process is similar to a game involving two dice, where different protein variants activate a molecular switch for female development.
Researchers classify UGDH as a molecular indicator of tumor progression in multiple cancer types, describing its involvement in key canonical cancer signaling pathways. Methods to inhibit UGDH and its downstream products are also identified.
Researchers at Utrecht University have uncovered a sophisticated mechanism by which coronavirus spike proteins can be activated for cell entry. Sugar binding induces opening of the spike protein and exposure of the receptor binding domain, required for subsequent entry steps.
A recent study found that Black adolescents are underrepresented in suicide research, with only 13% inclusion rate. Another study suggests cultural consensus modeling can elevate Black youth's voices and improve prevention strategies.
University of Copenhagen scientists have successfully produced plant-based cheeses with firm texture and improved aroma profile using natural fermentation processes. The study explores the potential of fermentation to develop flavor and texture in non-dairy cheese, paving the way for a more sustainable dairy-free alternative.
Researchers propose MXene and MBene compounds for capturing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, leveraging their high selectivity and mechanical stability. These two-dimensional materials can be engineered to selectively capture CO2, offering a potential solution to curb global warming.