A team of researchers from Japan found that water enhances energy dispersion and reduces elastic moduli in rocks, leading to increased seismic wave attenuation. The study suggests the oceanic asthenosphere must contain water, explaining sharp velocity drops and near-constant attenuation observed at the LAB.
Researchers aim to create detailed maps of neuronal connections in sections of mouse and macaque brains, with the goal of creating full wiring diagrams. The projects use innovative techniques such as transmission electron microscopy and barcoded connectomics to visualize brain cell shape and cell-to-cell connection networks.
A new ecological theory may help explain the persistence of segregation in US cities. The theory, called the 'adaptive resilience cycle,' emphasizes how systems adjust to shocks and retain their structure. Researchers analyzed Baltimore's history and found that this cycle has reinforced segregation throughout the city's history.
Researchers at HUST proposed using single sideband format in microwave communication systems to overcome photodetector bandwidth limitations. This approach significantly relaxes bandwidth restrictions, enabling higher communication speeds and microwave frequencies.
The new resonators exhibit a record low UV light loss, enabling the development of miniaturized devices for applications such as spectroscopic sensing, underwater communication, and quantum information processing. The researchers achieved this by combining optimized design and fabrication techniques with amorphous alumina materials.
Scientists from IRB Barcelona have revealed how chromosomal instability activates a signalling pathway known as JAK/STAT, promoting caspase activity and DNA injury. This damage allows cells to escape from the primary tumour, thereby leading to metastasis.
Jennifer Hurley, Ph.D., is investigating how the 24-hour cycle affects human health and has been granted $2.1 million over five years from the National Institutes of Health. Disruptions to circadian rhythms have been linked to serious medical conditions such as neurological disorders, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.
A new synthesis paper presents opportunities for prescribed fire in wilderness areas to restore natural qualities and honor human relationships with the land. Experts agree that deliberate restoration of fire can increase ecosystem health under more predictable conditions.
A special focus issue of Journal of Neurotrauma highlights the latest findings of North American Clinical Trials Network on improving outcomes for individuals with acute spinal cord injury. The issue includes studies on the benefits of early surgery, key results from a Riluzole study, and trends in corticosteroid use.
A comprehensive review explores iron's role in preserving organic carbon in marine sediments, a crucial component of the Earth's surface system. The study highlights iron's influence on selective preservation and redox processes, shedding light on its significance for carbon sequestration.
A recent study found that adding 3000 steps per day can significantly reduce high blood pressure in older adults. The study involved sedentary adults aged 68-78 who walked an average of 4000 steps before the intervention, resulting in a 7-point decrease in systolic and 4-point decrease in diastolic blood pressure.
A novel framework introduces contrasting conceptualizations of health security, prioritizing universal health security over neo-colonial health security. The authors argue that the growing influence of security sector actors in global health threatens human rights and undermines efforts to combat inequality.
Chinese scientists used a consistent framework to evaluate five multi-model ensemble-processing strategies, finding that more elaborate methods outperform simple ones and provide reasonably consistent projections. The Climate model Weighting by Independence and Performance (ClimWIP) method was identified as optimal for simulating curre...
The University of Science and Technology of China has made a significant breakthrough in exploring exotic spin interactions using solid-state spin quantum sensors. Their research findings provide valuable insights into these interactions, allowing for precise measurements of various spin phenomena.
Researchers have found that stacking order and lateral strain can significantly enhance second harmonic generation (SHG) in 2D Janus hetero-bilayers. The study demonstrates a threefold increase in SHG intensity with AA stacking, which is four times higher than AB stacking.
A new study found that living donor liver transplant access optimizes the timing of transplant for older, frail cirrhosis patients. Patients with moderate to severe frailty, short stature, and low MELD scores benefited from LDLT, reducing waitlist mortality and improving post-transplant outcomes.
Scientists at EPFL's Galatea Laboratory have successfully created a miniature, all-glass femtosecond laser using a commercial femtosecond laser. The device features improved alignment capabilities thanks to the use of glass expansion and shrinkage techniques.
A new study reveals the vagus nerve increases activity during exercise to enhance coronary blood flow and improve heart function, challenging existing ideas about the nervous system's role in physical activity.
A new study reveals that magma oceans on rocky exoplanets can affect their size, evolutionary path, and mantle structure. The research found that these ocean's compressible nature can make lava-rich planets denser than solid planets of similar size.
The study found that homicide rates among health professionals are lower than the general population, with most related to domestic violence or societal trends like gun violence. The research highlights the need for prevention strategies beyond healthcare settings to address societal roots of violence.
A joint consensus report by AMP, ASM, IDSA, and PASCV outlines the clinical and analytical benefits of multiplex PCR panels for detecting pathogens from various body sites. The report also discusses future directions and challenges associated with these panels.
A study by Dr Constantino Carlos Reyes Aldasoro explores the different definitions of a 'model' in cancer research, grouping them into four categories. The researcher analyzes scientific publications to identify trends in model usage, finding that mathematical models have gained popularity and computational models are on the rise.
A significant increase in the need for treatment of eye diseases is expected due to the growing elderly population. The number of patients requiring anti-VEGF medication is projected to rise by 50% over the next five years.
Researchers developed a framework for climate-resilient fisheries, analyzing 18 diverse fisheries across ecological, social and governance dimensions. The framework identifies five archetypes of resilient fisheries with unique pathways to achieve sustainability and benefits to society.
A study published by the University of Birmingham found that people living in Gaza with intermittent electricity supplies experienced higher levels of anxiety and depression, while those with reliable access had improved wellbeing. The researchers emphasized the urgent need for sustainable energy solutions to address this crisis.
Researchers combined three highly potent cancer drugs in a single prodrug that is activated in tumor cells, resulting in improved efficacy and reduced side effects. The new approach has shown promise as a potential solution to reduce the burden on patients' bodies during cancer treatment.
A Michigan Medicine-led report found that adding a mobile health application to wearable devices did not significantly improve physical activity levels in patients enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation. However, some short-term outcomes showed an increase in walking distance over six minutes for Fitbit users.
Researchers developed an EMF-assisted H-B technique for ammonia synthesis under mild conditions, increasing yield by ~5 times and decreasing energy consumption by ~2.7 times. A pilot-scale system was constructed with a production capacity of 10,000 kg per year.
A new methodology for QPI of objects covered by random unknown phase diffusers uses diffractive optical networks and deep learning. The system axially spans ~70λ and performs all-optical phase recovery and quantitative imaging with high image quality and low power consumption.
Prolonged calorie mismatch may lead to Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport, affecting multiple body systems and athletic performance. The statement highlights new evidence on inadequate carbohydrate intake and the overlap with overtraining syndrome.
Researchers found that participants preferred 60-70 options from ChatGPT, citing high perceived accuracy and increased intent to purchase. This contradicts traditional choice overload theories, highlighting the impact of personalized recommendations on consumer decision-making.
Researchers found that reducing biodiversity harms mosquito species, leading to more resilient species and increased virus prevalence. The study suggests that a decrease in biodiversity can lead to an increase in the spread of viruses carried by mosquitoes.
The study found that premorbid income and education levels correlated with disability and symptom severity in multiple sclerosis, regardless of treatment. Socioeconomic status may reflect both structural and individual determinants of health in MS.
Despite high levels of inbreeding, the Svalbard reindeer population has developed adaptations to thrive in extreme Arctic conditions. Researchers found that inbreeding may help eliminate harmful mutations, leading to a viable and genetically resilient population.
The GreenTwins project developed a layer of dynamic digital urban vegetation for Urban Digital Twins, enabling real-time visualizations and ecosystem services. The project also created digital tools like Virtual Green Planner and Urban Tempo for citizen participation in urban planning.
A team of scientists at Aalto University has created a bio-based transparent film from lignin nanoparticles, offering an alternative to toxic synthetic materials. The coating can be used on glasses, windshields, and other surfaces, and also displays coloured films with structural colours.
A recent study by the University of Vienna suggests that using plastics in agriculture can both benefit and harm the environment. On one hand, plastics conserve resources and enhance yields; on the other hand, they can impair soil fertility and contaminate food chains.
Researchers at Linköping University develop a new method to deliver strong compounds specifically to bacteria, allowing for efficient and safe treatment of infections. The TOUCAN strategy uses nucleases to target bacterial DNA, reducing side effects associated with current antibiotics.
Researchers found a correlation between skeleton complexity and bird diversity, with less complex birds having higher species richness. Birds with more complex skeletons are more ecologically specialised, occupying fewer habitats and foraging in fewer ways, making them more vulnerable to environmental changes.
Researchers found that overly broad definitions and lack of comparator groups have distorted the true risk of long COVID. This has led to increased public anxiety, healthcare spend, misdiagnoses, and diversion of funds from those with other long-term conditions.
The team developed poly(triphenyl piperidinium) based high-temperature proton exchange membranes with improved physicochemical properties, demonstrating enhanced proton conductivity and mechanical stability. The membranes showed promising performance in fuel cell applications, with the highest peak power density achieved at 210 °C.
The American Heart Association is providing funding to social impact entrepreneurs in Houston to address health inequities in under-resourced communities. The funds will support sustainable, entrepreneurial solutions that improve access to quality healthcare, housing, and educational opportunities.
A new vaccine candidate has shown protection against a range of coronaviruses, including current and future variants, by targeting the critical regions of the virus that it needs to complete its life cycle. The vaccine technology, developed at the University of Cambridge, aims to provide broad-based protection against emerging viruses.
A new computational approach enables the design of molecules with targeted quantum-mechanical properties, finding that most properties are only weakly correlated among small molecules. The 'freedom of design' concept reveals an intrinsic flexibility in chemical compound space, allowing for simultaneous optimization of multiple properties.
The University of Rochester is awarded funding to design and prototype the EP-OPAL facility, which will enable the creation of the highest-power laser system in the world. The facility aims to reestablish US leadership in high-peak-power lasers and fundamental science.
Researchers identified potential therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease and other conditions using a new approach combining AI-driven target identification with protein phase separation analysis. The study provides insights into the role of protein phase separation in human disease and its potential as a therapeutic target.
A study of 1,500 participants found that certain brain regions, including the hippocampus, exhibit stronger activation in individuals with better memory performance. The researchers identified functional networks in the brain linked to memory performance, shedding light on individual differences in memory recall.
Scientists found that diatoms like Skeletonema costatum can induce aragonite precipitation at lower supersaturation levels. This process enhances organic carbon sinking and increases the biological carbon pump's efficiency.
A qualitative study found that staff turnover, staffing shortages, and time constraints are major barriers to participation in quality improvement projects. The authors recommend policy makers provide direct support for primary care to alleviate burnout and address these challenges.
A qualitative study found that transgender individuals often perceive clinician questions as stigmatizing or voyeuristic, leading to pathologization and substandard care. To improve care, medical systems must adopt inclusive policies, procedures, and data collection tools, prioritizing the safety and well-being of transgender patients.
A study analyzed millions of tweets by Republican and Democratic US politicians over a decade, finding that Republicans were more likely to share untrustworthy information. The researchers identified linguistic signals associated with low-quality information and suggested potential solutions for the public to recognize these signals
A retrospective analysis of EHR data found that repetitive screening questions may compromise accuracy, especially in high-risk populations. The study suggests that prioritizing repetition for performance metrics can lead to administrative burden and low-value care, diverting clinical capacity from other essential services.
The North American Primary Care Research Group (NAPCRG) has made foundational contributions to primary care research, including practice-based networks and community-based participatory research. The organization's future depends on strengthening primary care and primary care research with stronger support, infrastructure, training, an...
Researchers have extracted ancient DNA from Caribbean parrots, revealing two species were more widespread and diverse in the past. The study helps explain how parrots became the world's most endangered group of birds, with many island populations gone extinct.
A new Canadian guideline aims to promote health equity among marginalized groups by providing 16 preventive care recommendations. The guidelines focus on removing barriers to healthcare, prioritizing people from disadvantaged groups, and improving access to essential screenings and interventions.
The University of Texas at Arlington research team aims to develop a novel statistical model and machine learning algorithm to predict which patients will be cured from diseases such as cancer or cardiovascular disease. The goal is to identify patients who require additional treatments, thereby improving precision medicine.
A new study has uncovered the potential role of LINE transposons in regulating cerebral cortex development and identifying genetic sequences that contribute to autism spectrum disorders. The research, led by SISSA and IIT scientists, debunks the reputation of 'selfish genes' as mere replicators.
A new study definitively confirms the Gulf Stream has slowed by 4% over the past four decades, with implications for weather and climate. The research used Bayesian modeling to combine data from various sources, providing clear evidence of significant long-term change.
A global comparative study assesses barriers to participation in cardiovascular rehabilitation programs for men and women, highlighting sex differences and regional variations. The study provides patients with mitigation strategies to address these barriers and improve CR utilization.
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital have identified a common brain network associated with substance use disorder, regardless of the substance used. The finding could lead to targeted neurostimulation therapies for addiction, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation.