A team of researchers developed a pioneering technological solution using diamond-based anti-counterfeiting labels with unique Physically Unclonable Functions. The labels can be scanned using a phone, making them highly suitable for commercial products, and are extremely tough and cheap to produce.
Researchers from Anglia Ruskin University have successfully grown retinal pigment epithelial cells on a nanofibre scaffold treated with fluocinolone acetonide, showing increased resilience and growth. This breakthrough technology has great potential for developing ocular tissue transplantation to treat age-related macular degeneration.
Researchers at KAIST have developed microbial cell factories that can produce a variety of food and cosmetic compounds, including natural pigments, flavors, and functional compounds. These eco-friendly alternatives can help address global food shortages and environmental concerns.
A commercial AI tool did not provide additional benefit to mammography with supplementary ultrasound in patients with dense breasts. Mammography with supplementary ultrasound showed higher accuracy, specificity, and lower recall rate compared to AI alone or combined with US.
Consistent disparities among marginalized populations are more likely to experience unexplained queue jumps and hallway placement. Standardizing triage processes can help mitigate conscious and unconscious biases in emergency departments.
A collaborative research team created an experimental platform to control the atomic-level structure of high-entropy alloy surfaces and test their catalytic properties. Their study found that the surfaces performed better in oxygen reduction reactions compared to other materials, indicating a 'pseudo-core-shell-like structure' contribu...
Researchers at Cornell University have developed a multimodal platform to image solar-powered microbes, enabling the study of energy conversion pathways and the potential for improving efficiency. The platform revealed the functional roles of hydrogenases in driving CO2 fixation and electron transport.
Scientists discover reduced genetic diversity and compromised skeletal properties among 'super corals' adapted to mangrove lagoons. The study challenges existing notions surrounding the resilience of these resilient corals, highlighting potential risks for future environmental stressors.
The NEC Society is hosting its annual symposium in San Diego to advance research and advocacy against the devastating intestinal disease necrotizing enterocolitis. The event will bring together families, clinicians, and researchers from around the world to share knowledge and expertise.
This study highlights significant disparities in preoperative hemodialysis timing among patients with end-stage kidney disease, impacting surgical outcomes. The findings suggest a need to address equity in surgical care for these patients, particularly those from disadvantaged backgrounds.
The study found that network-level variables significantly improved model fit and displayed strong independent associations with oral health outcomes. Network proportion needing dental treatment was positively associated with current dental treatment needs, while exposure to reported dental visits decreased odds of no recent dental vis...
Researchers developed a reinforcement learning model that incorporates human decision-making criteria to improve AI accuracy in skin cancer diagnoses. The study showed increased sensitivity for melanoma and basal cell carcinoma, leading to more accurate diagnoses and optimal treatment decisions.
Researchers developed enzyme-free fluorescence probes for visual detection of carbamate and organophosphorus pesticides, achieving low detection limits and expanding chemical-sensitive luminescent materials' applications in environmental protection and food safety.
A study of 50 years of data found no evidence that conservation spending improved wild salmon and steelhead populations in the Columbia River Basin. Despite efforts totaling over $9 billion, hatchery-reared fish numbers have increased while wild stocks remain under pressure.
A recent study by Tufts University researchers found that myo-inositol in human breast milk increases synaptic connections between neurons, indicating stronger brain connectivity. This finding could lead to improved infant formulas and better brain health outcomes for adults with certain psychiatric conditions.
Researchers found that confined epithelial cells regulate their size and cell cycle separately, suppressing growth but not division length. The team used lab-grown tissue to observe how cells respond to confinement, revealing a new framework for understanding tissue development and growth.
Bound states in the continuum (BICs) provide a generalized approach to achieve extremely high-Q resonant cavities. BICs offer powerful mechanisms for enhancing light-matter interactions and have been explored in various photonic structures over the past few decades.
A citizen science program led by North Carolina State University researchers inspired Girl Scouts to tackle environmental problems in their communities. The study found that the program not only taught girls about science but also motivated them to take action.
Natural and social scientists must work together to address the climate crisis by understanding the complex interaction between environmental and social changes. The research highlights the importance of studying tipping points in both fields to inform climate change policies and practice.
A University of Illinois study found unique Mexican black and pinto bean varieties to be high in phenolic compounds and anthocyanins, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The research also identified potential applications for the seed coat extracts in the food industry and cosmetics.
Researchers reconstructed six states of a rotary sodium ion pump using cryo-electron microscopy. The study found non-uniform rotation behavior due to structural interference between the rotor and stator components. This reveals a unique molecular mechanism of the rotary sodium ion pump.
Researchers at Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf have measured the wave-like vibration of atomic nuclei with record-breaking precision, confirming the accuracy of quantum theory. The study also explores the possibility of a new fundamental force between protons and deuterons in connection with Dark Matter.
A team of researchers led by ICM-CSIC has successfully applied reinforcement learning to underwater robots, enabling them to track and locate marine objects with high accuracy. This breakthrough technology will allow for deeper study of ecological phenomena such as migration patterns and movement at various scales.
A study published in JAMA Network Open reveals nearly ubiquitous bilateral hearing loss among older US individuals, with increasing severity and low hearing aid use. The findings highlight the need for more precise measures of hearing loss to address this growing health concern.
A new method called Degradation Upcycling (Deg-Up) recovers aromatic chemicals from polystyrene waste in a two-step process. This approach produces valuable chemicals for the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries, offering a circular plastics economy solution.
A recent study published in Immunity has found that ketone bodies, produced by the liver during fasting or low glucose levels, power immune cells and improve T cell function. This discovery may pave the way for personalized dietary recommendations to augment treatments for infection, cancer, and other diseases.
Researchers have identified a genetic cause for virgin birth in female flies, allowing them to reproduce without males. The ability is passed down through generations of females and can be induced in an animal that usually reproduces sexually.
A recent study found that patients with type 1 diabetes using insulin pumps for extended periods do not exhibit significantly more pathology in their skin compared to short-term users. Despite this, researchers still struggle to understand the underlying causes of skin damage and inflammation at infusion sites.
Researchers found that Alzheimer's patients exhibit heightened sensitivity to light changes, which can contribute to 'sundowning' and disease progression. Light therapy could help manage these symptoms and potentially slow disease progression.
A team led by Takuro Sato found that the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect can filter out electrons and molecules with specific chirality, enabling enantioselectivity without chiral catalysis. This discovery has broader applications in producing safer chemicals and developing advanced electronics across various scales.
A team of scientists has precisely determined the temperature dependence of a mantle mineral's phase transition pressure, revealing a curved post-garnet phase boundary that accelerates upwelling plumes and decelerates subduction. This discovery could explain puzzling seismic observations in the upper part of the lower mantle.
A study of 463 infants aged 8-36 months found that those with smaller vocabularies and poorer cognitive skills nap more frequently. Reducing naps for these children may not improve brain development, suggesting a need to re-evaluate sleep recommendations.
Researchers create biotissue-like rhythmic agglomerates using water and liquid metals, exhibiting aqueous properties and biorhythms. The unique capacity of liquid matter to generate biorhythms is revealed, opening opportunities for advanced soft robotic systems.
Researchers at UMass Amherst have discovered a potential new medical therapy for Lyme disease using lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors typically used to combat cancer. The study found that these inhibitors substantially impacted Borrelia burgdorferi growth, making them promising candidates against Lyme infections.
Researchers from KIT developed a non-invasive method to localize ventricular extrasystoles using deep learning and convolutional neural networks. The approach achieved accurate localization in 82% of clinical cases, potentially transforming the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
The 'survival of the accessible' model provides an alternative explanation for evolutionary changes in flu viruses, highlighting the importance of mutational bias and variant accessibility. The research reveals how specific mutations can gain or lose function, influencing protein activity and potentially driving pandemics.
Researchers developed a SERMS method using AgNP/MoS2 nano-pockets for sensitive and long-duration dynamic detection of chemical reactions. The structure enhanced electric field and captured molecules, extending SERS detection time up to 8 minutes.
Two new studies funded by the National Mango Board show that mangos can help reduce vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and increase superoxide dismutase (SOD), key markers of oxidative stress. Additionally, mangoes are a rich source of bioactive compounds like mangiferin, which may contribute to their health benefits.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have discovered that surgically joining the circulatory systems of a young and old mouse slows the aging process at the cellular level, lengthening the lifespan of the older animal. The benefits were found to be more durable with longer shared circulation periods.
A new study suggests that ancient pathogens trapped in melting permafrost could cause significant ecological damage, with up to 3% of invasive pathogens becoming dominant. The researchers found that these 'time-traveling' pathogens could lead to unpredictable results, including up to one-third of host species dying out.
Researchers found that bees and wasps, independently of each other, invented the same architectural tricks to solve the problem of tiling two differently-sized hexagons within a single sheet of comb. These insects use identical non-hexagonal cells, mostly 5- and 7-sided, in pairs to build these structures.
A Stanford analysis of planned relocations worldwide shows that community engagement is key to successful outcomes, with slower-paced efforts yielding better results for small communities. The study also found that distance and horizontal movement made little difference for livelihood outcomes.
The four-year Bio-LUSH project optimizes biomass value chains and develops green processing methods to extract high-quality fibers from diverse plants. The initiative supports the establishment of a sustainable bio-fibrous economy in Europe by utilizing underexplored biomass feedstocks.
A UBCO researcher says Canada is falling behind in developing effective intervention programs to stop young people from beginning to vape. The study analyzed government-funded campaigns and found that many relied on telling teens about physical health harms, which may not be enough to prevent vaping uptake.
The study identified two genes, SOX9 and KLF5, that contribute to the development of hidradenitis suppurativa. These genes play a role in hair follicle and epidermal development, respectively, and their mutations may lead to improper development of hair follicles and inflammation.
A study of over 34,000 adolescents found that active school transport was associated with higher academic performance and lower school burnout. Leisure-time moderate-to-vigorous physical activity also showed significant benefits, particularly for mathematical skills and cognitive performance.
Researchers found that nearly all Purkinje cells in the human cerebellum have multiple primary dendrites, which contradicts the traditional understanding of a one-to-one relationship between climbing fibers and Purkinje cells. This discovery was made possible by analyzing thousands of cells from both human and mouse tissue using immuno...
Research found that counties with larger Black populations during the Great Migration (1930) showed stronger implicit bias against Black people among White respondents. The study supports the Bias of Crowds theory and highlights the need for structural solutions to combat racial inequity.
A new study uses echolocation tracking to monitor the movements of Amazon River dolphins, revealing insights into their habitat preferences and behaviors. The research suggests that bottlenose adolescents and females spend more time in floodplains than males, possibly due to abundant prey or shelter from aggression.
A new study from Yale University has found a way to reduce the 'friendly fire' effect in CAR T-cell therapy, a promising form of immunotherapy. By fusing a molecular tail onto engineered T cells, researchers can inhibit their proclivity to attack each other, allowing them to survive longer and be less exhausted.
Researchers have identified translation gaps in the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index, a tool measuring nursing practice environments. The study found that half of available translations require additional cultural equivalence or psychometric evaluation, highlighting an area for improvement to support worldwide quali...
Researchers at the University of Reading have discovered a link between Indian weather forecasting techniques and predicting extreme rainfall in Sri Lanka. By analyzing wind patterns and the Madden-Julian Oscillation, they can identify areas prone to heavy rainfall, allowing communities to better prepare for deadly natural disasters.
Scientists develop two novel SCAMs with enhanced stability and excellent Fe3+ sensing ability. The materials exhibit a quantum yield of up to 9.7% and exceptional stability in water, making them suitable for environmental monitoring.
A team of researchers identified a specific subtype of complement-producing macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions that exacerbate plaque necrosis and cardiovascular events. The study suggests a potential therapeutic target to control complement activation within cells, which may also apply to other chronic inflammatory diseases.
A new review describes the development and impact of a Latin American mentorship program for Fracture Liaison Services (FLS), resulting in 64 FLSs getting started and providing coverage for over 17,200 patients. The program also supports the establishment of active communities of mentors across Mexico, Brazil, Colombia, and Argentina.
Scientists have developed a platform to enhance the innate ability of white blood cells from umbilical cord blood to treat various types of solid and blood cancers. Pre-clinical studies showed that these cells, known as gamma delta T-cells (GDT), possess antiviral and antitumour properties.
Researchers found that just 4.5 minutes of vigorous activity per day can reduce the risk of some cancers by up to 32 percent. This type of physical activity, known as VILPA, involves short bursts of activity such as housework or power walking.
Researchers at the University of Córdoba have designed a solar battery that can absorb light and store energy using a new material composed of 2D carbon nitride. This device combines optical simulations and photoelectrochemical experiments to achieve high performance, with potential applications in various fields.
The James Webb Space Telescope has detected hydrogen peroxide on Ganymede's poles and sulfur monoxide on Io, revealing new secrets about Jupiter's Galilean satellites. These findings suggest that charged particles from Jupiter's magnetosphere can alter the surface chemistry of icy moons.
A world-first study from the University of South Australia exposes the real weight gains of everyday Australians, finding that weight fluctuates throughout the year. The study highlights the importance of targeting temporal hot spots to curb unhealthy weight fluctuations and prevent unwanted weight gain.