Researchers have demonstrated a new approach to photonic packaging using 3D-printed FaMLs, which can be printed with high accuracy to connect optical components. This method relaxes alignment tolerances and enables passive assembly techniques, opening an attractive path towards scalable and flexible photonic system assembly.
Researchers identified 8 bacterial genera commonly associated with environmental sources, known as core microbiota, which persisted despite differences between kitchens. These microbes were linked to kitchen design and cleaning practices, suggesting potential for improved hygiene.
Birds, such as magpies and crows, are adapting to city life by using anti-bird spikes as nesting material. Researchers discovered these unique nests made of up to 1,500 metal spikes, showing the birds' creativity in avoiding traditional deterrents.
A Northwestern University study links underground climate change to shifting ground beneath urban areas, causing building foundations and surrounding ground to move excessively and crack. The researchers also found that past building damage may have been caused by rising temperatures, which will continue for years to come.
Researchers identified three neurobehavioral profiles that distinguish individuals with elevated mania vulnerability based on reward sensitivity and sleep-circadian characteristics. These profiles can help detect mania risk and provide targets for early interventions.
A team at Penn State has identified a protein called calcium-dependent protein kinase 32 (CPK32) that modifies the cellular machinery responsible for producing cellulose. This new understanding could inform the design of more stable, cellulose-enriched materials for biofuels and other functions.
Researchers from the University of Portsmouth found that biodegradable fishing gear (BFG) does not significantly reduce the cost of ghost fishing due to decreased fishing efficiency. The study suggests that implementing BFG could still have economic benefits, but only if it can achieve similar fishing efficiency as traditional gear.
A joint research team from Northeastern University and the National Astronomical Observatories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has proposed a novel 21-cm forest probe to shed light on dark matter and the early formation of galaxies simultaneously. By measuring the one-dimensional power spectrum of the 21-cm forest, scientists can di...
Researchers discovered a hormone in adipose tissue that protects beta cells, which make insulin, in lean individuals and reverses damage in obese people. The study provides hope for developing novel therapeutic strategies to mitigate obesity-related health problems.
A CU Anschutz study found that oral consumption of high doses of CBD during pregnancy impaired problem-solving skills in female mice. Fetal exposure to CBD also reduced the excitability of the pre-frontal cortex, a key area for learning.
Researchers at the University of Alberta have discovered a correlation between chemotherapy-induced changes to gut bacteria and unhealthy weight gain in breast cancer patients. The study found that these patients gained abdominal fat and experienced inflammation, with significant changes to their gut microbiome.
Scientists have found that mixtures of polymers can form phase-separated droplets, similar to lava lamps, which interact with cell membranes in unexpected ways. These interactions affect the exterior structure of cells, creating a mosaic of droplets and signaling to the outside.
Researchers used Moral Foundations Theory to analyze hateful language in Nazi propaganda, social media posts, and large text corpora. They found that hate speech often appeals to idealized values such as purity and loyalty.
Researchers have discovered a novel copper protein binding site that shows promise for use in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents, potentially leading to clearer images and improved diagnoses. The new structure displayed highly effective levels of relaxivity, equal and superior to existing Gd(III) agents used in clinical MRI.
A University at Buffalo-led study found that THC-O-acetate produces moderate relaxation, euphoria, and pain relief, but no psychedelic effects similar to LSD or psilocybin mushrooms. The study suggests that people may overreport their experiences due to social media hype and online claims.
A new method reveals intricate behaviors of micron-sized particles in real, artificial tears, allowing for customization of eye drops. The study aims to alleviate dry eye syndrome by providing personalized solutions with tailored formulations and characteristics.
A new AI-powered NLP model developed by Emory and Georgia Tech successfully triaged patient messages reporting positive COVID-19 test results with 94% accuracy. The model expedited physician-patient communication, leading to faster access to treatment within a five-day window.
The USC PRECOG project aims to develop automated screening tools for clinicians using objective neural and physiological signal biomarkers. The team will advance interdisciplinary methods in neuroscience, linguistics, and machine learning to better understand mental health risk factors.
Researchers developed super flexible composite semiconductors using inkjet printing, outperforming previous studies with up to 40% polymer addition. The material maintains electronic transport properties while achieving high flexibility and foldability.
Researchers found that many satellites lack basic security concepts, such as separation of code and data, and rely on obscurity to ensure security. The team conducted a thorough analysis of three low-earth orbit satellites and identified vulnerabilities that could be exploited by hackers.
Research suggests that involving women more in agricultural decision-making can lead to a wider variety of crops being grown, improving nutritional value and environmental benefits. This finding supports the importance of women's empowerment in improving global food supply and protecting low-income farming communities.
The proposed pointwise optimization approach combines global search and accurate calibration to improve the OPA's performance in beam steering, focusing, and energy efficiency. It achieves rapid and precise phase calibration with a 53.5% increase in convergence rate and a 9.7% decrease in time consumption compared to traditional algori...
A team of researchers has designed an all-season thermal cloak that can cool electric vehicles by 8°C on hot days and warm them by 6.8°C at night without any external energy input. The cloak works through radiative cooling, using an effect called photon recycling to counteract temperature fluctuations during winter months.
Researchers introduce a novel class of X-ray scintillators based on monodisperse copper-iodine clusters, demonstrating remarkable sensitivity and stability. The copper-iodide cluster-based microcubes exhibit excellent scintillation performance and exceptional water resistance, making them suitable for large-area flexible X-ray detectors.
A new study reveals that nearly half of traded hazardous chemicals are imported without consent, posing a significant threat to human health and the environment. The report highlights the need for strengthened national and international action to address global trade of highly hazardous chemicals.
Research by Professor Björn Schumacher investigates the role of male germ cells in genetic mutations. The study suggests that paternal DNA damage can lead to faulty repairs in the genome, resulting in structural variants.
The Xerces Blue butterfly's genome shows signs of population decline and inbreeding, revealing its extinction story. The research could help detect vulnerable insect species and pave the way for de-extinction using genetic engineering techniques.
A Hong Kong University of Science and Technology team developed a technique to analyze fish DNA, revealing the complex relationships among marine species and how global warming affects them. The study found that water temperature can have both positive and negative effects on fish interactions.
A new study identifies hundreds of at-risk animal and plant species without corresponding protection from international trade. The list includes Endangered and Critically Endangered animals and plants, such as shark and ray species, palm species, and songbird species.
A new study reveals that children experiencing racial discrimination are more likely to develop a higher BMI and larger waistline. Researchers found that racial discrimination was associated with an increased risk of obesity in kids, even after adjusting for socioeconomic factors.
A Simon Fraser University study found that Vancouver struggles to adopt green infrastructure due to political, organizational, and funding barriers. The city lacks consistent funding and support for GI initiatives, and most projects are implemented on public land with minimal ownership control.
In a new study, Salk Institute scientists discovered that dopamine regulates anxious worm behavior in the presence of nipping predators. The findings illuminate how this dopamine-regulated brain pathway may be related to anxiety and could provide insight into human conditions like PTSD.
A study found that multi-frequency ultrasonic thawing significantly improves pork quality by increasing water retention and reducing lipid oxidation. Thawing rates were reduced by up to 64.99% compared to conventional methods, resulting in better texture and flavor.
Researchers at Texas A&M University found that substance use impairs cognitive flexibility by inhibiting specific neurons. Chronic cocaine or alcohol use alters the local inhibitory brain circuit, leading to decreased cognitive flexibility and increased risk of academic deficits and lower quality of life.
A genome-wide screen in C. elegans reveals potential targets to delay motor aging, including VPS-34 inhibition. Partial inhibition improves neurotransmission and muscle integrity, ameliorating motor aging in worms and mice.
A new analysis found that combining weight-based dosing and shared single-use vials in VA hospitals could reduce cancer spending by 14%. This concept could be applied nationwide to improve cost-effectiveness of cancer care.
Hypnosis expert Steven Jay Lynn challenges common misconceptions about the practice, highlighting its clinical applications and effectiveness. Research reveals that hypnotized individuals can resist suggestions, retain voluntary control, and even exhibit brain activity consistent with reported experiences.
High-velocity impacts create brief, intense bursts of light known as impact flashes, containing information about the target and impactor. The shape and color of these flashes reveal details about the fragmentation process and ejecta cone formation.
Empirical evidence suggests that opportunity for higher education is the primary determinant in choosing between vocational and academic high schools. Increasing provincial college quota encourages academic high school enrollment, particularly due to the impact of prestigious universities' admission opportunities.
A mouse study using novel biosensing technology reveals that enriched environments increase neural connections and boost brain function. The findings could lead to new AI methods inspired by brain plasticity.
Researchers from Norway and France have found a way to coordinate and recalibrate two conflicting systems of dating the Moon's surface. This new evaluation shows that large parts of the crust are around 200 million years older than previously thought, clarifying the sequence of events in the evolution of the Moon's surface.
Research from the University of Surrey and University of Birmingham finds detrimental effects of all severities of maternal dengue infections on birth outcomes, including increases in low, very low, and extremely low birth weights. Long-term consequences also include hospitalizations for children up to three years after birth.
Scientists discovered epigenetic signatures in immune cells that allow for rapid activation of key genes, enabling quick recall of antigens. This rearrangement is accompanied by changes in the 3D distribution of DNA in the nucleus, which affects gene expression and could lead to new therapies for autoimmune diseases.
Graphene materials have excellent electrical conductivity and physical, optical, thermal, and structural properties, making them suitable for sensor applications. Laser-scribed graphene (LSG) has been developed as a promising method for fabricating high-quality graphene with low energy consumption and environmental friendliness.
Research suggests that air pollution particles can compromise insects' olfactory perception, making it harder for them to detect food and potential mates. This finding is particularly concerning as about 40% of Earth's landmass is exposed to high particle air pollution concentrations.
Medical organizations publish approaches for implementing infection prevention strategies that consider facility conditions, team communications, and leadership support. The guidance aims to bridge the 'knowing-doing' gap by providing practical tools and resources for successful implementation.
Researchers at Queen Mary University of London have created a new type of electric variable-stiffness artificial muscle with self-sensing capabilities, revolutionizing soft robotics and medical applications. The innovative technology enables rapid reactions and force sensing, making it ideal for integration into intricate robotic systems.
A study published in Diabetes journal has discovered neurons in the brain that can detect and respond to changes in blood sugar levels. This discovery may help doctors reduce blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes by targeting these neurons.
A Phase 3 study led by Massachusetts General Hospital found cytisinicline to be effective in reducing nicotine dependence and cravings, with impressive results. The medication was also well-tolerated, with no serious side effects reported, offering a new potential treatment option for smoking cessation.
A new study by uOttawa researchers proposes a revised cosmological model that stretches galaxy formation time, making the universe 26.7 billion years old. This finding addresses the 'impossible early galaxy problem' and provides a more feasible explanation for the advanced level of development observed in ancient galaxies.
A recent study found a significant association between racial discrimination and obesity in children and adolescents, suggesting that addressing this issue is crucial for improving their health outcomes. The research highlights the importance of considering racism as a risk factor for obesity in addition to socioeconomic status.
Researchers found a strong association between increased maximum daily air temperatures and venomous snake bites in Georgia. The study suggests that snakes become more active during warmer springs, leading to a higher likelihood of bites.
The study by Lionel Delaude and François Mazars has shown that combining a para-cymene ligand with an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand derived from caffeine or theophylline produces highly effective catalysts. These eco-friendly catalysts reduce the carbon footprint of chemical processes, making them more sustainable.
A new tool has been developed to quantify public knowledge of blood cancer symptoms, revealing notable gaps in awareness. Nearly 70% of people were unaware of night sweats as a symptom, while unexplained weight loss and bleeding were most recognized. The tool also explores patient enablement and its impact on seeking medical help.
A new study from the University of Illinois finds that converting food waste into energy and bioproducts can be profitable in Illinois. The study analyzes supply chain logistics and technological and economic factors to determine the feasibility of this solution.
New studies show cow colostrum can reduce infant formula use and strengthen mother's milk in premature babies, providing essential nutrients like amino acids. Researchers hope to optimize cow colostrum product for critical first few weeks after birth.
A new study reveals that Megalodon, the iconic extinct shark, was not as fast as believed but had a mega-appetite that explained its gigantism. The discovery of tiny scales found in rock pieces surrounding fossil teeth suggests that Megalodon used its warm-bloodedness to promote visceral food processing and absorb nutrients.
Researchers at NIST and their colleagues used machine learning to identify abnormal cardiac rhythms in firefighters, achieving 97% accuracy. The Heart Health Monitoring model could lead to a portable heart monitor to detect early warning signs of heart trouble and prevent fatal cardiac events.
Researchers at the University of Minnesota Medical School are developing tools to detect early symptoms of depression, psychosis, and suicidality using biomarkers and advanced technologies. The project aims to provide early prevention and detection, potentially saving lives by intervening earlier in a condition's trajectory.
A recent study suggests that the global mortality burden of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is approximately 11 times higher than previously recorded, with an estimated 376,000 deaths in 2021. The Commission highlights the need for increased funding and access to treatments such as hydroxyurea, blood transfusions, and malaria prevention meth...