A new study from the University of Otago found that vaping may be a gateway to smoking for non-smokers in New Zealand. The research analysed data from the 2018-2020 New Zealand Attitudes and Values survey, revealing frequent transitions between smoking and vaping.
A new study from Bayes Business School and the University of Missouri has identified five linguistic properties that affect whether a slogan is liked or remembered. The researchers found that shorter, abstract words make slogans more likeable but less memorable, while longer, concrete words improve memorability but decrease likability.
A new AI model has been developed to help doctors determine the extent of cancer within the prostate gland, improving the effectiveness of focal therapy. The model was found to be more accurate than magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting tumor margins, reducing the chance of cancer recurrence.
Researchers found magnetotactic bacteria living on a hydrothermal vent chimney at 2,787 meters below the ocean's surface. The discovery provides clues to the early diversification of bacteria and offers insights into the environment that may support extraterrestrial life.
A recent study found that daily fluctuations in COVID-19 worry are linked to negative emotions during daydreaming. In contrast, nighttime dreams are more influenced by individual differences. The research suggests that relying on general questionnaires may not capture the complexities of inner experiences.
A new study reveals that female rats utilize scent marks to convey information and coordinate behavior, particularly in terms of reproduction and social hierarchy. The research, led by Guadalupe Gómez Baena, demonstrates the complexity of female communication through scent marks and highlights the need for further study on this topic.
Chronic knee osteoarthritis pain does not impair memory and behavioral flexibility, according to new research. Factors like age, pain medication, and socio-economic status are likely to play a role in cognitive decline.
Researchers at North Carolina State University discovered that slower gait speeds in older dogs are linked to increased cognitive decline and dementia. The study measured gait speed on and off leash in senior dogs and found a significant correlation between walking speed and cognitive performance.
A new enzyme, CtdY, has been identified that can break an amide bond, a fundamental type of bond found in proteins. This discovery holds significant promise for the pharmaceutical industry, as it could enable the creation of new anticancer drugs and improve treatment outcomes.
A study in squamates reveals the genetic mechanism behind limb loss, associating conserved non-coding elements and lineage-specific insertions with regulatory signals during early limb development. These findings provide insights into the importance of these regulatory elements in phenotypic evolution.
A study published in Management Science found that the UK's Covid vaccine mandate caused a 3-4% reduction in staffing in elderly care homes, equivalent to 14,000 to 19,000 employees. The policy led to an increase in reliance on agency workers and persisted even after the mandate was lifted.
A new UMass Amherst study aims to develop a more robust understanding of the effects of ambient air pollution on women's reproductive health. The researcher will analyze data from 1,228 participants to identify mechanisms and susceptible reproductive processes across the menstrual cycle and early pregnancy.
New measurements from RHIC's STAR detector suggest the shape of small quark-gluon plasma drops is influenced by the substructure of smaller projectile nuclei. This contradicts previous findings from PHENIX detector, which attributed QGP shape to larger-scale positions of nucleons. The results may deepen understanding of properties and ...
Scientists have successfully integrated monolithic semiconductor lasers onto Si-photonics chips, overcoming a longstanding challenge. The approach uses III-V material deposition on a Si-PIC design, achieving high coupling efficiency into passive photonic devices.
Researchers found that SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination produces a robust immune response in the nasal cavity, with higher levels of antibodies promoting neutralization. The study suggests targeting the S2 region for intranasal vaccines may increase nasal mucosal levels of IgA and viral neutralization.
Researchers argue that 'The Line' should not be a showcase for future cities due to its unfeasible urban design, including extremely high population density and limited mobility. The city's planned 60-minute average commute times highlight the importance of efficient transportation systems in urban planning.
A new study from Washington University School of Medicine suggests that growing up in poverty may influence the wiring of a child's brain. The study found a link between neighborhood and household poverty and white matter tracts, which allow for communication between brain regions.
A recent study found that air pollution, particularly particulate matter, accelerates snowmelt in the Himalayas. Reduced anthropogenic pollutant emissions during the Indian lockdown in 2020 prevented 27 Mt of ice and snow melt, highlighting the impact of decreasing pollution on combating climate change.
A Penn State-led research team has revealed how a leader cell emerges to coordinate the invasion of cancer cells, enabling the prediction of tumor invasiveness. The study found that MALAT1, a gene associated with metastasis in various cancers, plays an essential role in regulating leader cells.
Scientists have invented a smart textile that can sense and measure body movements using nanomagnets. The device is self-powered, stretchy, durable, waterproof, and can be made with a sewing machine for under $3. It converts muscle activities into quantifiable electrical signals sent wirelessly to phone apps.
A groundbreaking model of human embryonic development has been created, offering a unique look at the molecular and cellular processes that occur during gastrulation stages. The model includes both embryonic and extraembryonic components, allowing researchers to study their interaction and potential new insights into pregnancy failures...
The VIS+AI framework enables seamless communication between human intelligence and artificial intelligence in visual analysis. It incorporates three iterative loops: interaction, execution, and intelligence optimization, allowing AI to adapt to dynamic data analysis processes guided by humans.
A recent study from SISSA suggests that dark matter interacts with gravity in a non-local way, providing a fresh perspective on its nature. The new model, which employs fractional calculus, accurately describes the motion of stars in smaller galaxies.
A large study published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism has found that moderate to light alcohol consumption does not protect against obesity and type 2 diabetes. The research, which analyzed data from over 408,000 participants, confirmed that heavy drinking increases measures of obesity and risk of type 2 diabetes.
Researchers have developed a hybrid battery system that stores electricity and produces valuable chemicals, such as furfuryl alcohol and furoic acid. The new battery increases the cost efficiency of the battery system, making it a step towards improving the sustainability and cost-effectiveness of rechargeable batteries.
A study published in Radiology found that AI algorithms with high diagnostic accuracy improved radiologists' detection of lung cancers on chest X-rays. High-accuracy AI led to more frequent changes in reader determinations, suggesting increased human trust in AI.
Researchers found that Black families, regardless of neighborhood, experience similar economic circumstances in adulthood. Latino families, on the other hand, showed positive growth in adult earnings when removed from disadvantaged neighborhoods. The study suggests that structural change is needed to address racial income gaps.
Researchers create CuI nanodots with favorable facets and stable Cu+ state for selective CO2 reduction to C2H4. The high thermodynamic potential of Cu2+/CuI benefits formation of stable CuI, achieving a high Faradaic efficiency of 72.4%.
Researchers found that larger champagne bottles retain gas substantially better, with 3-liter bottles lasting up to 132 years. The study estimated a shelf life of 40 years for standard 750-milliliter bottles and developed a formula to calculate a bottle's shelf life based on its size.
A study found a positive correlation between groundwater cadmium levels and urinary cadmium levels among residents near non-ferrous metal smelting sites. Higher groundwater cadmium concentrations were associated with higher urinary cadmium levels, indicating the need for stronger prevention measures against groundwater pollution.
Researchers have discovered a binary pulsar with a 53-minute orbital period, filling the gap in the evolution of spider pulsar systems. The finding confirms the existence of an intermediate state between redback and black widow spiders, a long-held theory.
A new AI tool can identify sperm in severely infertile men in seconds, compared to the hours it takes scientists. The algorithm improves antiquated approaches and increases the chance of a couple conceiving their own biological children while reducing stress on sperm and increasing efficiency.
A novel PET perfusion radiotracer, 18F-flurpiridaz, demonstrates high diagnostic efficacy for obese patients with coronary artery disease, outperforming traditional imaging methods. The study showed improved sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing significant CAD, even at lower radiation doses.
Researchers found that endothelial extracellular vesicles, including follistatin-like protein 1, play a crucial role in inducing acute lung injury after cardiac surgery. The study showed that inhibition of certain signaling pathways can reduce the occurrence of ALI/ARDS, providing new therapeutic targets.
New smart pants based on fiber optic sensors can track various types of physical activities in the clinic or at home, detecting signs of distress. The sensing approach achieved 100% accuracy in classifying activities and has several advantages, including low-cost and reliability.
Penn State researchers have successfully controlled the movement and separation of nanorods using ultrasound technology, opening up new possibilities for drug delivery and bioprinting. The demonstration has potential applications in additive manufacturing and targeted drug delivery.
Researchers are exploring natural killer cells as a potential treatment for neuropathic pain, which is caused by nerve damage. NK cells may help prune damaged nerve cells, providing relief from chronic pain.
A new study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that pediatrician and family collaboration can address obesity. The study showed that three times as many children in the treatment group had a clinically meaningful reduction in body mass index (BMI), resulting in improved cardiometabolic outcomes.
Two closely related butterfly species have evolved distinct adaptations to cope with changing seasons. The small white butterfly is a 'summer specialist,' reproducing well but struggling in winter, while the green-veined white butterfly is a 'winter specialist,' thriving in cold conditions.
Researchers at the University of Cambridge have developed a stem cell-derived model of the human embryo, allowing for the experimental modeling of embryonic development during the second week of pregnancy. This breakthrough could help understand why and how pregnancies fail, and potentially lead to new treatments for genetic disorders.
A study published in Blood reveals that SARS-CoV-2 prefers to infect blood group A cells, increasing the risk of infection. The Omicron strain of the virus also shows a stronger preference for A cells.
Research published in ACS' Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry shows that unroasted, 'raw' chocolate features compounds responsible for fruity flavors and sour tastes. Volatile flavor compounds were more pronounced in the roasted samples, but others with fruity or flowery aromas remained noticeable.
Researchers created an enhanced VCD sensing platform using chiral metamaterials to improve detection of chiral molecules in mixtures. The technology achieved a 6-magnitude enhancement and demonstrated high selectivity for protein secondary structures.
Researchers discovered crucial differences in venoms across the lifecycle of cone snails, using a new laboratory aquarium system to study juvenile stages. The findings reveal unique adaptations for hunting and venom composition, offering potential new drugs for pain medication and disease treatment.
Researchers developed AEGIS, the first technique to detect backdoor attacks in robust machine learning models. It improves the trustworthiness of artificial intelligence by analyzing robust models and detecting mixed input distributions for poisoned classes.
A new study found associations between socioeconomic status, childhood obesity, cognitive performance, and white matter microstructure. Obesity and cognition may play a role in these associations, with future research benefiting from considering multiple socioeconomic perspectives.
Two health systems implemented innovative approaches to boost hand hygiene adherence: dynamic dashboards and automated monitoring systems. These interventions led to significant improvements, with rates reaching 95% or higher at one hospital and a 98% increase at another.
The study uses AI-assisted methods to discover novel deaminase proteins with unique functions through structural prediction and classification, expanding the utility of base editors. New DNA base editors with remarkable features were developed, enabling tailor-made applications for various breeding efforts.
Scientists at PNNL are developing a new way to identify unknown chemical compounds using high-resolution instruments, gaining important information faster and more accurately. The technique applies to ions, making them easier to control and detect using mass spectrometry.
During the 2022 infant formula shortage, nearly half of parents used unsafe feeding practices, including watering down formula and sharing human milk. The study emphasizes the need for policy changes to provide families with access to safe alternatives and supports.
A Rutgers study found that restricting access to prescription opioids can lead people to seek out unregulated opioids, increasing the risk of fatal overdoses. Restoring easier access to opioid pain medications may protect against fatal overdoses, according to researchers.
Researchers at DTU Health Tech created a multi-levelled scaffold that enables near-perfect bone healing in just eight weeks, without using growth factors or endocrine factors and cells. The scaffold combines essential bone minerals with mechanical properties matching human bone compressive strength.
Scientists have discovered the first known Jurassic vertebrate fossils in Texas, filling a significant gap in the state's fossil record. The fossils belong to a plesiosaur, an extinct marine reptile that roamed the region about 150 million years ago.
A study by Osaka University researchers reveals that various stakeholders, including experts, the general public, and patients, can participate in genome editing governance. This collaboration enables more effective policy-making, with citizens engaging in new initiatives such as interactive events.
A study published in Cancer Research identifies a novel mechanism by which liver cancer develops, involving the aberrant activation of the Wnt signaling pathway and the gene GREB1. The research reveals that GREB1 is responsible for integrating conflicting cellular states of differentiation and proliferation, leading to tumor promotion.
NUTRITION 2023 brings together leading nutrition experts to present groundbreaking research and discuss the latest developments in nutrition science. The event will feature scientific symposia, educational sessions, and award lectures covering topics such as food systems, human health, and nutritional interventions.
A Michigan State University researcher has received a $3.2 million grant to develop tools for cancer survivors to manage symptoms and improve their well-being while taking oral anti-cancer medications. The project aims to provide scalable symptom monitoring and self-management strategies to reduce costs and emergency department visits.
A recent study by researchers at the University of Vienna found that dogs and humans have brain regions specialized in perceiving body postures, similar to those found in humans. The study used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to compare the brains of 40 human participants with 15 pet dogs.
Researchers found a U-shaped association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and all-cause mortality risk in acute ischemic stroke patients. The lowest mortality risk was at an LDL-C level of 2.67 mmol/L, mediated by post-stroke infection.
Researchers found that groundwater management plans with stakeholder input offered greater protection from groundwater depletion, especially for domestic wells and ecosystems. However, only 9% of plans integrated all three stakeholder groups, with economically vulnerable communities being disproportionately affected.