A new study has identified a neural signature in the rostro-medial prefrontal cortex that may be linked to Borderline Personality Disorder. Individuals with BPD exhibit reduced activity in this region when rejected, suggesting a hypersensitivity to social rejection. This finding could help develop targeted therapies for the disorder.
A daily dose of 500 mg propolis improved immunity, reduced free radicals, and attenuated chronic inflammation in asymptomatic HIV patients. The study showed a significant reduction in plasma levels of malondialdehyde and an increase in total antioxidant capacity.
Among US females ages 12-21, iron deficiency affected nearly 40%, while iron deficiency anemia occurred in approximately 6%. Menstruation was a significant risk factor for both conditions, with over one-quarter of premenarchal girls experiencing iron deficiency.
A DNA methylation map of four Chinese populations, including Tibetans, has been released, showing that epigenetic variation is associated with high-altitude adaptation. The study reveals ethnic-specific and non-ethnic-specific DNA methylation variations correlated to global genetic divergence and high-altitude adaptation genes.
A recent study by researchers at the University of Zurich found that the Notch signaling pathway plays a crucial role in shaping and varying tooth enamel. The team used genetically modified mouse models to analyze the effects of the Notch-ligands on teeth, revealing that their absence affected tooth morphology and enamel formation.
A new study reveals humans' ancestors co-existed with dinosaurs for a brief period before the K-Pg mass extinction. The research used fossil data to estimate placental mammal evolution and diversification rates after the asteroid impact.
Researchers developed a risk calculator using persistent homology scores from CT scans, which is the strongest predictor of overall survival among standard clinical measures. The calculator has the potential to guide clinicians in choosing treatment options and transform the way outcomes are predicted.
Researchers discovered that Streptomyces bacteria produce chemical substances called arginoketides, which trigger biofilm formation, algae aggregates, and fungal signalling. These findings shed light on microbial communication and its impact on soil ecosystems and plant diseases.
Early Dalmatian farmers specialized in sheep husbandry, demonstrating a common animal economy across the region. Most births were concentrated in winter, indicating an annual agropastoral calendar.
A newly discovered nemertean worm, Carcinonemertes conanobrieni, affects reproductive performance of Caribbean spiny lobsters. The parasite impacts embryo mortality and reproductive output, contributing to decreased landings of the ecologically significant species.
A study published in PLOS Biology found that deaf mice develop normal auditory circuitry until the ear canal opens and hearing begins. This spontaneous activity is necessary for training the auditory system to respond correctly to sounds of different frequencies, potentially preparing it for cochlear prostheses.
Researchers at Brown University have developed a krill-inspired robot called Pleobot, which emulates the swimming method of krill to navigate complex marine environments. The platform has the potential to enable scientists to understand how to engineer better robots for ocean navigation and exploration.
A recent study by Kyoto University has raised concerns about the authenticity of Big Oil's net-zero emissions claims. The research team found that oil majors are not making sufficient progress in phasing out fossil fuels and transitioning to clean energy, despite their pledges to achieve net-zero by 2050.
A study by Regenstrief Institute has identified seven risk factors for early onset colorectal cancer in males, providing a framework for clinicians to consider screening recommendations for younger men. The model may help estimate relative risk and identify individuals at higher risk for colorectal cancer.
A new technique using DNA barcoding can identify the plant matter in human feces, improving clinical trials, nutrition studies and historical research. The method detected specific plant species and their relative amounts consumed, varying according to diet, age, and household income.
Researchers with 'victim sensitivity' are more likely to hide knowledge from peers due to fear of exploitation. However, reminding participants of their identity as researchers actually increases suspicion and knowledge hiding.
Researchers discovered a symbiotic relationship between diatom Hemiaulus hauckii and cyanobacterium Richelia euintracellularis, with the diatom supplying reduced organic compounds to support nitrogen fixation. The study found that proteins from the endosymbiont play a crucial role in molecule transport across cell membranes.
A new study published in Trends in Ecology & Evolution suggests that animals first evolved around 574 million years ago. The researchers used advanced analytical techniques to investigate preservation conditions in Cambrian and Neoproterozoic rocks, finding that certain clays were essential for capturing early animal fossils.
Researchers from Tokyo Institute of Technology have made a breakthrough in measuring liquid iron's resistivity under extreme conditions. They achieved this using new techniques involving diamond anvil cells and powerful lasers, allowing for measurements at pressures up to 135 GPa and temperatures over 6680 K.
Researchers discovered a protein, C/EBPα, that accelerates B lymphocyte-to-macrophage conversion by interacting with PU.1. This epigenetic mechanism may be targeted for cancer research and treatment.
Researchers found that deaf mice have nearly normal neural activity in the auditory system for two weeks after birth, suggesting a molecular mechanism for improved outcomes with early cochlear implants. This spontaneous activity helps train the brain to process sound before the ear canal opens.
A research group at Nagoya University used AI to determine that Piezo plays a crucial role in controlling the mating posture of male fruit flies. Inhibition of Piezo led to an ineffective mating posture, resulting in decreased reproductive performance.
Researchers found that obese patients with mild traumatic brain injuries had higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers and prolonged symptoms compared to those with healthy body mass indexes. The study suggests that obesity may mediate the inflammatory response and symptoms in mTBI patients.
Researchers found a disrupted balance between glutamate and GABA neurotransmitters in the brains of people with OCD, which may lead to new treatment strategies. The study also suggests that excess glutamate levels could serve as a biomarker for OCD.
A groundbreaking study found that elephants' lack of testicular descent may have driven the evolution of potent anti-cancer genes. The research suggests that this adaptation allows elephants to safeguard their sperm production and DNA stabilization in the face of elevated temperatures.
Researchers at the University of Texas at El Paso have developed an autonomous boat that can carry out bathymetric surveys with unprecedented ease. The robotic vessel uses a multibeam echosounder to measure water depth and detect material types on the seafloor, enabling scientists to create accurate maps of underwater terrain.
A study using molecular imaging found that individuals with obesity respond differently to food cues than normal-weight individuals, with altered connectivity between brain networks. The research offers valuable insights into potential medical interventions for obesity, including novel drug treatments and behavioral therapies.
Researchers develop seed-induced self-assembly of supramolecular polymers to control polymer growth and form unique structures. This breakthrough enables the creation of sustainable materials with lower energy consumption and improved recyclability.
Researchers found that fruit fly glial cells respond to sugar shortage by activating fat utilization, producing ketones for neurons. This switch is crucial for the fly's survival and holds potential to expand understanding of brain metabolism.
Researchers have developed a new technique to generically treat several kinds of cancer, showing tumors grew almost three times less and survival rates reached 100% after just one injection. The method targets cancer cells with alpha radiation, sparing healthy tissue.
A team of researchers demonstrated a 1 Terabit per second line-rate over a wireless distance of 53.42 km using advanced optical modulation formats. Adaptive optics mitigation technique improved received optical power, enabling high data-rates despite atmospheric turbulence.
A study found that consumers incorrectly assume low-fat products contain less sugar, affecting purchasing behavior. Manufacturers' labeling practices can deceive consumers, leading to decreased willingness to buy.
Scientists at the University of Cambridge identified a signature in the blood that could predict how well an individual responds to vaccines. They found that those with higher levels of age-associated B cells are less effective after vaccination.
Researchers found that two-thirds of European bird species shifted northeastward by an average of 100km over the past 30 years, with coastal communities facing extinction. Mountain ranges also controlled bird migrations, preventing some species from adapting to changing temperatures.
A study found that local clock function in each tissue is not enough for whole-body glucose metabolism but requires signals from feeding and fasting cycles. Combining clocks with feeding-fasting cycles improved glucose regulation and restored metabolic control.
Wild orangutans produce two distinct sounds simultaneously, mirroring songbirds and human beatboxers. This finding has significant implications for the evolution of human speech and our shared ancestors' vocal capabilities.
Researchers found that restricting methionine intake via a low-methionine diet or oral administration of recombinant methioninase-producing E. coli reversed old-age-induced obesity in mice, leading to significant weight loss after just 14 days.
The updated guidance emphasizes the importance of antimicrobial stewardship to reduce MRSA infection rates. It also recommends surveillance for asymptomatic carriers and decolonization for those colonized with MRSA. Effective hand hygiene and cleaning practices remain crucial in preventing MRSA transmission.
Children who begin reading for pleasure early in life tend to perform better at cognitive tests and have better mental health when they enter adolescence. Reading for pleasure is also associated with improved brain structure, which may help explain the findings.
A team studied 19 protostars with ALMA to observe disk structure and signs of planet formation. They found fewer ring structures in younger disks, suggesting rapid planetary system progression.
A new collection of academic papers highlights the contributions of citizen science to the SDGs, emphasizing its potential for monitoring and transformative change. The collection demonstrates that citizen science has vast untapped potential for driving progress towards achieving the SDGs.
A team at the University of Washington has made a breakthrough in quantum computing by detecting signatures of 'fractional quantum anomalous Hall' (FQAH) states in semiconductor materials. This discovery marks a significant step towards building stable qubits and potentially developing fault-tolerant quantum computers.
A newly discovered radionuclide-based agent (CB-2PA-NT) has shown high tumor uptake, sustained retention, and contrast in preclinical models. Targeting neurotensin receptors, CB-2PA-NT expands precision medicine for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
A new drug delivery method utilizes polymer-stabilized crystals to deliver antioxidants to stem cells, minimizing variation in drug release and extending the duration of effectiveness. This technology can be applied to various cell cultures and potentially other hydrophilic drugs, disease models, and methods applications.
A new study from NYU Langone Health found a strong link between lupus flare-ups and specific bacterial growth in the gut, particularly Ruminococcus blautia gnavus. The researchers identified 34 genes linked to the bacterium's growth in people with inflammation, highlighting its potential role in triggering autoimmune diseases.
A Nottingham University Business School expert is working with Brazilian nurses to reduce post-caesarean wound infections, a common issue worldwide. The project aims to prevent infections through improved care management, which could improve quality of life and reduce healthcare costs.
The study reveals that euchromatin does not form fully open structures but instead is composed of condensed domains with dynamic liquid-like properties. These findings provide insight into how genomic information is searched and read out in living cells, challenging traditional dogma on chromatin structure.
Researchers have isolated and analyzed individual immune cells targeting the hepatitis C virus, providing valuable data for vaccine development. The study found that antiviral treatment reduces cytotoxicity in HCV-specific immune cells, offering a potential pathway to an effective vaccine.
Researchers from HSE Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience examine the brain's reaction to social norms violations and calculate a behavioral index to assess an individual's sensitivity to unfairness. This index can be used to develop personalized rehabilitation programs for patients with various types of behavioral disorders.
A new study from the University of Illinois reveals a wealth of untapped diversity in popcorn's genetic code, with over 308,000 variations across the genome. The research may help improve the agronomic performance of the crop and uncover its long history of movement across North America.
Researchers have developed a novel electrically pumped edge-emitting laser chip with unprecedented performance, achieving single-mode output power levels of 400 mW at room temperature. The device uses PT-symmetry to suppress higher-order modes, maintaining beam quality comparable to narrow waveguide devices.
A five-year study found that taking higher-than-recommended doses of vitamin D reduced the risk of atrial fibrillation by 27-32% in older men and women. The Finnish Vitamin D Trial involved 2,495 participants who received either a placebo or vitamin D supplementation, with lower risks observed in those taking higher doses.
Researchers applied sparse identification and latent variables (SINDy) to analyze experimental CAR T-cell killing assay data for glioblastoma cancer cells. The study aimed to extend the CARRGO model by capturing more precise interactions between CAR T-cells and glioma cells.
Researchers at Umea University discover new role for D-amino acids in stress-driven bacterial chemotaxis, revealing complex ecological systems and potential strategies to manipulate bacterial populations. D-Arginine plays a multifaceted role in shaping microbial communities and influencing niche selection.
Researchers studied fondant creation using automated kneading machines and light microscopy, linking it to theoretical physics models. The team found that different preparation methods influence fondant structure and texture, enabling better prediction and control.
A Clemson team created a novel metal-organic framework with combined conduction pathways, outperforming traditional MOFs. This breakthrough could advance modern electronics and energy technologies.
A new study analyzed coverage of BECCS in 166 newspaper articles to understand public opinion on the energy technology. The research identified eight key storylines, including Pro-BECCS narratives that emphasized its necessity and Revolutionary technology, alongside Anti-BECCS lines that highlighted environmental concerns.
A digital assay called STAMP has been developed to directly measure the presence of HIV in single drops of blood, providing a more efficient and accurate alternative to traditional methods. The test uses CRISPR-Cas13 technology to detect and signal the presence of HIV, allowing for real-time monitoring of viral loads.
The UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health is leading a new Lancet Commission on Evidence-Based Implementation in Global Health. The commission aims to improve how life-saving interventions are put into practice, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
Researchers used brain imaging to identify multiple subtypes of depression, finding distinct deviation patterns in functional connectivity among brain regions. This study provides leads for developing better treatments and personalized therapeutic interventions.