Significant reductions in nicotine dependence were found among U.S. adults with cigarette use from 2006 to 2019, particularly among those 50 years and older. Tobacco cessation strategies tailored to age and comorbidities are needed for this population.
A study published in Annals of the American Thoracic Society found that race-neutral lung function interpretation could lead to more equitable access to lung transplants for Black patients. The researchers analyzed data from over 8,900 patients and discovered that a race-specific approach resulted in lower Lung Allocation Scores (LAS) ...
A new CU Boulder-led study suggests the global economy will grow slower in the 21st century, leading to a larger income gap between wealthier and poorer nations. Wealthier countries may need to help finance climate change adaptations for lower-income nations, as debt-ceiling crises become more common.
A study by University of Alabama at Birmingham researcher Minae Niwa found that adolescent psychosocial stress, combined with pregnancy and delivery, causes hypofunction of a key neural circuit. This altered circuitry leads to abnormal social behavior in postpartum women, including reduced interaction time with familiar mice.
A new study finds that the average Black urban resident is exposed to disproportionately higher heat stress due to warmer air temperatures, while white residents experience cooler temperatures. The research highlights income- and race-based disparities in urban heat stress across US cities.
Researchers aim to identify best practices for increasing viral suppression in low-income populations with HIV. They will examine state AIDS Drug Assistance Programs to understand disparities in care and outcomes.
A new analysis re-conceptualizes Colin Kaepernick's NFL lock-out as a denial of his 'right to work' due to structural racism and white supremacy. Researchers compared Kaepernick's case to those of six other Black male athletes who faced similar challenges, finding that he was unfairly penalized for protesting systemic issues.
A new study examining brain tissue from 631 former football players found that the cumulative force of hits, not just the number of concussions, was the strongest predictor of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). The study suggests that reducing the force and frequency of head impacts could help prevent CTE in athletes.
Medical evacuation by train in a war zone is possible and can transport more severely ill or injured individuals due to intensive care capacity on board. The target population should not be limited to trauma patients only.
The TCT MedTech Innovation Forum brings together clinicians, entrepreneurs, and industry stakeholders to identify clinical challenges and uncover opportunities for innovation in cardiovascular care. The forum features three comprehensive tracks addressing stakeholder interests and explores the role of digital health care dynamics.
An interdisciplinary team of researchers from Magdeburg has discovered a new mechanism that enables the immune system to eliminate invisible cancer cells. Helper T cells engage scavenger cells, secreting chemical mediators that attract and support their destruction on behalf of cancer cells.
Researchers at the University of Malaga develop a new therapy using manual techniques and stretching to reduce pain and improve mobility in women with axillary web syndrome after breast cancer. The therapy, consisting of 15 sessions, has shown significant results in reducing evolution time of lymphatic thrombi.
The £72 million investment will support cutting-edge research in fluid dynamics, biological sciences, and astronomy. It aims to maintain the UK's position as a science superpower and accelerate innovation in various fields.
A new EIC project, CAR T-REX, will develop novel, scalable CAR T cell therapies for the treatment of solid tumors. The consortium aims to overcome current limitations, including high manufacturing costs and limited efficacy, through a novel paradigm for generating improved CAR T cells.
Researchers found that patients producing high levels of Cystatin C, a protein linked to immune system suppression, had worse survival rates and were less likely to benefit from immunotherapy. This suggests that Cystatin C may play a role in the failure of cancer immunotherapy.
A new lattice-water-assisted mechanism boosts the efficiency of an iridium oxide catalyst by 5-12%, resulting in higher energy output and lower energy consumption. This improvement paves the way for more efficient green hydrogen production using proton exchange membrane water electrolysis.
Research presented at ACNAP 2023 found that women with atrial fibrillation progress more rapidly to cognitive impairment and dementia compared to men. The study analyzed data from over 43,000 participants and revealed a three-fold increased risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in women with the condition.
Researchers at PTB used a sensitive atomic clock to compare with two other clocks, searching for oscillations signature of ultralight dark matter. No significant signal detected, setting new experimental upper limits on the coupling of ultralight matter to photons.
Bitemark analysis, commonly used in court trials, lacks scientific backing due to the uniqueness of human teeth on skin. A study of 26 people wrongfully convicted based on this evidence reveals a high rate of distortion, rendering it unreliable for identification purposes.
A team of researchers identified TIM-1 as a key player in regulating anti-tumor immunity in melanoma. By targeting TIM-1, the immune system can activate killer T cells to inhibit tumor growth. The study's findings have significant implications for developing new cancer therapies.
A Rutgers University study found that some individuals, particularly women living alone in urban environments, are incorrectly classified as not owning firearms. This underreporting can lead to a lack of secure storage messaging and safety resources, increasing the risk of firearm injuries and deaths.
Anthropologists study El Gigante rockshelter to understand early agriculture's impact on human populations. The site provides a rare glimpse into foraging strategies and the transition from foraging to farming.
Researchers at Duke University have discovered a way to make rubbery materials up to nine times more durable without compromising their elasticity. This breakthrough could help reduce microplastic pollution from car tires, with estimates suggesting that tire wear alone releases millions of metric tons of debris into the environment eac...
Researchers used 3-D models to show that gene activity differs based on a cell's location within a tumor, influencing its role in cancer biology. The study could lead to more precise therapies by targeting specific areas of tumors.
A recent study found wide discrepancies in treatment for opioid use disorder among people covered by Medicaid, with some states providing nearly universal access to proven medications. The study suggests that quality of care problems are to blame for the disparities.
The American Heart Association has launched a $20 million initiative to tackle health challenges in rural America, focusing on novel solutions to heart disease disparities. The Health Equity Research Network on Rural Health aims to explore innovative ways to address unique obstacles faced by rural communities.
Researchers found that adolescents with incarcerated mothers are at higher risk of depression, withdrawal, substance abuse, and delinquency. The study suggests that modifying sleep patterns, dietary behaviors, and physical activity can mitigate these risks, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions in this population.
Researchers have identified a subtype of depression, labeled the cognitive biotype, which accounts for 27% of depressed patients. This group has difficulty with planning, self-control, and focus, and shows reduced activity in brain regions responsible for these tasks. Targeting cognitive dysfunctions with less commonly used antidepress...
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine have discovered a drug called DEQ that significantly reduces the ability of bacteria to develop antibiotic resistance. The study shows that DEQ works by slowing down genetic mutations in bacteria, thereby prolonging the effectiveness of antibiotics.
Researchers at LMU developed a metasurface that enables strong coupling effects between light and TMDCs, generating hybridized photonic and electronic states called polaritons. This platform offers new possibilities for research into polaritonic applications, including controllable low-threshold semiconductor lasers and quantum computing.
A UK-wide study found that non-functioning pituitary microadenomas (NFPA) are more likely to shrink or disappear than grow within three years of monitoring. The study suggests that clinical guidelines should be changed, and a single scan three years after initial detection would be a safe and cost-effective way to manage NFPAs.
A new study sheds light on the genetic heritage of chickpeas by analyzing landrace genomics from over 400 specimens collected in the 1920s and 1930s. The research reveals that the spread of chickpeas within each region occurred predominantly along trade routes, rather than through simple diffusion.
A new species of early odontocete, Olympicetus thalassodon, has been discovered along the North Pacific coastline. The fossil remains show a unique combination of features that set them apart from other groups of toothed whales.
Researchers found that volcanic eruptions' impact on climate is being underestimated by a factor of two to four in standard climate projections. Small-magnitude eruptions are responsible for as much as half of all sulphur gases emitted, with a significant collective effect.
Researchers at Aarhus University have discovered a new method to activate the complement system using bispecific single-domain antibodies, termed BiCEs. These molecules can specifically target cancer cells and activate the complement system, leading to the killing of targeted cancer cells.
A new study has identified 16 new locations in the genome linked to immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, a common kidney disease. The research confirms an earlier hypothesis that the immune system plays a key role in driving the disease and provides potential drug targets for treatment.
A University of Arizona professor has developed a 1-minute frailty testing platform to screen patients for frailty, enabling better care decisions. The platform measures motor, heart, and brain function using wearable sensors, providing an accurate diagnosis.
Researchers found that an iron-rich diet can prevent deadly symptoms in mice during active infection, while a functional adaptive immune system is required for immunity against future infections. The study paves the way for the development of new vaccines that could promote immunity for those with diarrheal diseases.
Researchers at the University of Vienna have created a speciation atlas for polyoxometalates (POMs), a type of metal compound. The atlas provides predictive models and databases to accurately determine POM structure and behavior under various chemical conditions, enabling scientists to make the most accurate results and discoveries.
The revised ruling on advance medical directives in India may force terminally ill patients to endure 'machine-related suffering' without autonomy or dignity. The authors highlight shortcomings, including a cumbersome procedure for withdrawing life support and omission of consideration for healthcare access inequality.
Researchers have found evidence of a demolition-derby-like collision of stars or stellar remnants in the chaotic region near an ancient galaxy's supermassive black hole. This suggests that stars can meet their demise in some of the densest regions of the Universe, potentially creating gamma-ray bursts.
A systematic review found that cancer survivors experience a higher risk of psychological symptoms compared to healthy siblings and controls. Psycho-oncological intervention is recommended for early detection and prevention.
A recent study published in Joule found that the financial losses from a renewable energy transition are concentrated among the wealthiest individuals. In high-income countries, two-thirds of the losses would affect the top 10% of wealth holders, with half affecting the top 1%. In contrast, lower-income individuals would face minimal l...
A new article explores how a CEO's subgroup power can impact decisions about CEO dismissal. Powerful subgroups of directors can exert influence to protect the CEO, even if the company is performing poorly. The study analyzed 20 years of data from S&P 500 boards.
The study found that preferential use of pulmonary MRA for diagnosing PE in the general population helped conserve iodinated contrast media. This substitution reduced iodine usage by approximately 27 liters during the specified time period, which is a noteworthy benefit considering the shortage's impact.
A recent study published in the Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties found that crowded ballot options can lead to voter fatigue and decreased participation. The research analyzed data from over 60,000 elections in Brazil between 2000-2020, revealing a significant decline in voter turnout when faced with multiple candidates.
Research suggests generative AI models can create false and biased information that can be ingrained in people's beliefs. People are most influenceable when looking for info and hold stubbornly to it once received.
Researchers create precise temperature map of a distant galaxy, separating heat sources from a supermassive black hole and newly-formed stars. This discovery provides new insights into the growth rate of galaxies in the early Universe.
A new study published in Scientific Reports found that people condemn verbal hate speech more severely than nonverbal discrimination with identical consequences. The researchers concluded that words are perceived as worse than actions due to a phenomenon known as action aversion and the explicit nature of verbal formulations.
A study on the glass sponge Aphrocallistes vastus genome provides insights into silica biomineralization and its evolutionary history. The compact genome identified genes connected to mineral skeleton growth, suggesting independent development in different sponge classes.
Patients with GATA2 deficiency have impaired ability to produce immune cells, leading to increased risk of recurrent infections and blood cancers. The study's findings suggest that a zebrafish model may help develop new treatments to slow or reverse the disease.
A new IIASA-led study investigated the potential of engineered Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) technologies, such as Direct Air Capture of CO2 (DACCS), to help bridge the gap between current emissions reductions and ambitious climate goals. The study found that novel CDR can keep pre-Paris climate targets within reach when accounting for ...
Researchers at NUS have created a new type of solar cell with improved stability and efficiency, paving the way for cheaper and more durable energy solutions. The cells achieve a world record efficiency of 24.35%, making them suitable for large-scale commercialization.
A study found that space travel causes a rapid decrease in the strength of an astronaut's immune system due to changes in gene expression. Most genes returned to normal levels within weeks after returning to Earth, but there is still uncertainty about when full resistance returns.
The presence of large herbivores like caribou and musk oxen slowed Arctic tundra diversity losses, contrary to declining sea ice. Herbivore exclusion led to faster biodiversity declines, while warming conditions with grazing allowed for slower losses.
A study by Margherita Corina and Alfonso Carballo Perez found that populist leaders increase uncertainty, making firms cautious in foreign investment decisions. However, strong institutional environments and high levels of firm internationalization can moderate these negative effects.
A new study by UC San Francisco found that California's emergency department capacity has not kept up with patient demand, leading to long wait times. The number of high-severity visits increased by nearly 68 percent, while low-severity visits declined by 63 percent.
The global diabetes crisis is accelerating due to widening inequity, with structural racism and geographic disparities exacerbating the problem. The new Series projects that over 1.3 billion people will live with diabetes by 2050, with marginalized communities facing reduced access to care and worse health outcomes.
Scientists have discovered how the PA-X protein degrades host cell RNA while leaving the virus intact, enabling it to infiltrate and replicate within cells. The findings provide new insights into how influenza A viruses evade the immune system.
This study found widening socioeconomic inequality among Japanese adolescents in achieving recommended physical activity levels before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis also revealed narrowing inequality in breakfast intake, but no differences observed for screen time, sleep duration, or bowel movement frequency.