A study found that muscle fat accumulation, known as myosteatosis, is associated with a higher risk of major adverse events and death in asymptomatic adults. The presence of muscle fat was comparable to the mortality risk associated with smoking or type 2 diabetes.
Large language models like ChatGPT show incredible potential in radiology, but also struggle with reliability and accuracy. The latest model GPT-4 improves advanced reasoning capabilities and performs better on higher-order thinking questions.
A new study reveals the molecular mechanism behind bacterial DNA repair, showing that RNA polymerase plays a key role in identifying and fixing errors. Researchers found that RNaseHII cooperates with RNA polymerase to scan for misincorporated ribonucleotides in living bacterial cells.
Researchers have developed a non-invasive magnetic stimulation therapy called ThorS-MagNT that targets hyperactive nerves in the midback, potentially reducing debilitating symptoms of diabetic gastroparesis. In a pilot study, patients experienced significant improvements in nausea and vomiting, allowing them to enjoy meals again.
Researchers at the University of Nottingham have successfully created and controlled magnetic vortices in an antiferromagnet using a magnetic imaging technique. This discovery has significant implications for next-generation memory devices, which could lead to faster and more energy-efficient computing.
A large, prospective study led by the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center recommends that cancer patients receive SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination three to four months after bone marrow transplant. The study found that early vaccination can provide crucial protection against severe COVID-19 in this vulnerable population.
A recent study by Mississippi State University faculty members found that individuals with hoarding tendencies who own multiple pets are at risk of poor animal health. Households with eight or more animals were associated with worse health outcomes for the animals.
The National Institutes of Health is enrolling 10,000 participants in a landmark precision nutrition study. The study aims to develop algorithms predicting how individuals respond to different foods and diets based on genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors.
Researchers used simulations to analyze the Lyman Continuum spectrum in dozens of simulated solar flares, confirming its connection to plasma temperature. The study found that analysis of this spectrum can be used for diagnosis of the solar plasma during solar storms.
Researchers found that conveying simple, scientific facts about THC's harm to a fetus reduced intentions to use cannabis while pregnant. Short and simple communications designed to increase media literacy also had an effect.
A new holistic framework evaluates mental and psychological wellbeing in wild animals, including physical and behavioral indicators for positive and negative experiences. This approach has the potential to provide crucial early warning signals about species challenges and population declines.
A study reveals a unique epigenetic biotimer mechanism controlling floral meristem termination and stamen development in Arabidopsis thaliana. The team discovered that AGAMOUS serves as a master conductor orchestrating gene expression through cell cycle-coupled H3K27me3 dilution.
An international team analyzed 90 shark species using X-ray CT and 3D reconstructions, finding relatively little variation in shape over millions of years. Most variable jaws were found among deep-sea sharks, reflecting their diverse feeding strategies.
Researchers at Rutgers University found that algorithms using source reputation for training automatic misinformation detection algorithms are flawed. Article-level labeling is crucial to improve the detection of misinformation and ensure fairness in the process. A new dataset and approach offer valuable resources for future research.
Researchers found that four weeks of shift work-like patterns in female mice disrupted their biological clock and reduced fertility. The study suggests that circadian disturbances impact female fertility and may lead to future prevention strategies.
A new study from North Carolina State University reveals that carrying pollen increases the body temperature of bumble bees, potentially putting them at risk due to rising environmental temperatures. The research has significant implications for bumble bee populations and ecosystems, particularly in areas experiencing climate change.
A recent study by Baylor University researchers found that college students with religious tattoos have a stronger faith and engage in regular religious practices, yet they also exhibit surprising levels of deviance, including increased marijuana use and sexual activity. Tattoes are seen as a way to express strong emotions and identity.
Dr. Marco Bonizzato receives the 2022 Turnbull-Tator Award for his groundbreaking publication on an intracortical neuroprosthesis that improves recovery of leg control after spinal cord injury. The award supports two trainees in his lab to develop a neurorehabilitation platform for neuroprosthetic therapies.
A machine learning model uses patterns in mineral associations to predict previously unknown mineral occurrences, including geologically important minerals like uraninite and rutherfordine. The model also identified promising areas for critical rare earth element and lithium minerals.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine have identified a targetable vulnerability in ESR1 fusion-driven breast cancer. Kinase inhibitor pralsetinib suppresses the growth of cancer cells, suggesting potential for treatment.
The novel combination antibiotic sulbactam-durlobactam has been found to combat dangerous pneumonia at least as well as the best currently approved treatment. The drug has shown significant tolerability and dosing advantages over existing treatments, making it a promising option for combating hospital-acquired infections.
Researchers have identified a molecular mechanism underlying the change from gist-like to episodic memory in mice, suggesting that as interneurons mature, they enable memory specificity. This finding has implications for understanding child development research and conditions affecting the brain, such as autism spectrum disorder.
A UK study of over 420,000 adults reveals that those with existing cardiovascular disease and overweight or obesity are five times more likely to suffer a stroke and four times more likely to have a heart attack than those with extreme obesity. The study highlights the substantial impact of living with both conditions on individuals, p...
The development of SimulScan technology will help clinicians diagnose disordered swallowing more accurately. The researchers aim to investigate how swallowing behaviors change across the lifespan to create personalized treatments for patients with dysphagia.
A new treatment combining a swallowable gastric balloon with the anti-obesity drug liraglutide is safe and effective for boosting weight loss. Participants lost an average of 19% of their initial body weight and reduced BMI by 4.5kg/m2 after 8 months of treatment.
Researchers developed an improved approach for people to collect their own blood samples to test for PFAS without being part of an academic research study. The new finger-prick method was found to be comparable to traditional blood draws, providing a more accessible and affordable option for individuals with elevated exposure.
Researchers warn that patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal conditions are vulnerable to long term opioid use. The study found that up to 1 in 3 patients with rheumatoid arthritis or fibromyalgia may be at risk of transitioning to long term opioid use, highlighting the need for vigilance in practice prescribing.
A nationwide register-based study found significant increases in psychiatric diagnoses among Finnish children and adolescents during the pandemic, with notable rises in eating disorders, depression, and anxiety. The research highlights concerns about gaps in services and accessibility during times of crisis.
A long-term study found that women experiencing moderate to severe hot flashes after menopause are more likely to develop metabolic syndrome and hypertension. Hormone replacement therapy may help prevent these conditions.
A study found that Chinese electric vehicles (EVs) create up to 53% less emissions over their full life cycle than internal combustion engine vehicles by 2030. Increased operating efficiency and a cleaner electricity mix are key drivers of these reductions.
A new paper proposes a comprehensive ethical framework for the responsible use, design, and governance of Generative AI applications in healthcare and medicine. The study highlights key applications and risk factors, proposing risk mitigation pathways and regulatory frameworks to ensure safe innovation.
Research suggests weight gain between ages 17-29 increases aggressive prostate cancer risk by 13% and fatal prostate cancer risk by 27%. Preventing weight gain in young adulthood may reduce prostate cancer risk. The study analyzed data from over 250,000 Swedish men, finding a significant association between weight gain and prostate can...
A new Northwestern Medicine study found young adult cancer survivors (18-39 years old) are 2.6 times more likely to develop heart failure when treated with anthracyclines. The incidence is highest among leukemia and other specific cancer types.
A new pilot study found that even low levels of saccharin, acesulfame-K and cyclamate can modulate the copy rate of genes in white blood cells, sensitizing them to certain immune stimuli. The researchers also discovered that taste receptors may act as sensors for the cellular immune system.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed a technique to identify Parkinson's disease-linked proteins and their downstream pathways in urine samples using EVtrap technology. This noninvasive method may lead to widespread early diagnosis and intervention for neurodegenerative diseases, including cancer.
Global experts have developed a new checklist called iCHECK-DH to standardize the quality of reporting and improve implementation standards for digital health technologies. The 20-item checklist aims to aid researchers and practitioners in ensuring complete, accurate, and consistent reports.
A new Ordovician eurypterid, Archopterus anjiensis, has been found in the Wenchang Formation of Anji County, Zhejiang Province. The discovery is significant for understanding early evolution of eurypterids in Gondwana.
Dengue infection prevalence in US territories highlights need for improved control measures. Novel vector control methods and vaccine development hold promise for combating the disease.
Researchers have developed an automated calling algorithm for determining B and T cell clonality from NGS data with greater sensitivity than previous models. The new model increases the assay's sensitivity in detecting clonality, allowing for more accurate diagnosis and monitoring of lymphoproliferative disorders.
Scientists have developed a new method to genetically modify brain organoids, allowing for quick and effective analysis of gene function in early stages of brain development. This breakthrough enables comparative studies across primate species and simulates neurological diseases without animal experiments.
Research found that meeting both recommended weekly physical activity targets was associated with a nearly half the risk of dying from flu or pneumonia as those who met neither. Meeting only the aerobic activity target was linked to a 36% lower risk, while muscle strengthening activities showed no significant difference.
A recent study found that youth are unaware of the sources of nicotine in e-cigarettes and are misled by industry language, increasing appeal. The study's findings suggest that describing synthetic nicotine as 'tobacco-free' can increase intentions to purchase e-cigarettes among youth.
Researchers used a radiotracer to investigate AMPAR trafficking in patients with epilepsy, finding a positive correlation between cell surface AMPAR density and gamma activity. The study suggests that Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity differentially regulate brain function in epilepsy.
Researchers from the University of Nebraska–Lincoln and Virginia Tech are teaming up with three ornithological societies to create widespread cultural change and increased inclusivity within the field of ornithology. The project aims to design affinity groups that will facilitate transformative resilience among historically marginalize...
A UC Irvine research team discovered that the MGAT5 glycosylation enzyme plays a critical role in brain development. The study found that neural stem cells use glycosylation to regulate their reactions to external signals and develop mature brain cells. This discovery may contribute to new therapeutic purposes for neural stem cells.
A neglected 80-year-old antibiotic, nourseothricin, has been found to be effective against multi-drug resistant bacterial infections. The improvement in purification of the streptothricins has overcome original toxicity concerns, making it a promising agent for treating difficult-to-treat infections.
Scientists have discovered a new method for producing pure hydrogen from renewable energy, a significant step towards a greener future. The breakthrough uses specialized techniques to understand how a catalyst works, enabling the creation of clean fuels like hydrogen.
Researchers at MIT have designed new 'smart' sutures that can deliver drugs or sense inflammation after surgery. The bioderived sutures use hydrogel coatings to detect early warning signs of complications, such as Crohn's disease, and can also release therapeutic molecules to promote healing.
Researchers discovered that air pollution particles trigger autophagy, a cellular defense process, which has an upper threshold and may reduce its effectiveness against other threats. This finding provides new insights into the link between air pollution and lung disease.
A new study calls for enhanced chemical pollution monitoring in Antarctica to support global chemical policy. The research highlights the need for Antarctic Treaty consultative parties to extend their national monitoring programs to their research stations and territories.
Researchers at MIT's Picower Institute used a nematode worm to study serotonin's effects on behavior and brain activity. They identified three key receptors driving slowing behavior and found complex interactions between serotonin receptors modulating brain-wide activity.
Researchers at Aarhus University discover how the SUC transporter recognizes sucrose and uses acid to power its sugar delivery. This breakthrough sheds light on how plants defend themselves from pests and could lead to new ways of protecting plants from harmful bugs.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University have identified a panel of long intergenic non-coding RNAs that are
The latest clinical evidence on TAVI in younger patients with aortic stenosis will be discussed, including factors that determine the choice between TAVI and surgical aortic valve replacement. Valve design and implantation technique can also influence long-term outcomes and future treatment options.
A new study reveals a unique founder population structure in Newfoundland and Labrador, tracing the ancestry of European settlers from South-East Ireland and South-West England. The analysis found multiple population bottlenecks and strong associations between Catholic background and Irish genetic ancestry.
Researchers have discovered that extremophilic bacteria from high-temperature marine environments can be used to remove iron, silicon, and magnesium from asbestos minerals, reducing their toxicity. This finding has the potential to develop new methods for detoxifying and reusing asbestos as a secondary raw material.
A new commentary from infectious disease experts emphasizes the importance of continued masking in healthcare settings due to low evidence of efficacy and high transmission risks. Despite recent conflicting views, the authors argue that mask-wearing remains a crucial strategy for infection prevention.
A Phase I/II clinical trial combining intratumoral delivery of an engineered oncolytic virus with subsequent immunotherapy improved survival outcomes in a subset of patients with recurrent glioblastoma. The study demonstrated the combination was well-tolerated, with no dose-limiting toxicities.
Researchers found that commercial properties in New York and Boston traded at lower values after Hurricane Sandy, despite no direct damage. This shift in perception is likely due to professional investors responding to changing flood risk perceptions post-Sandy.
Scientists have discovered where the first butterflies originated and which plants they relied on for food, tracing their movements through time. The results show that butterflies first appeared in Central and western North America, with some groups traveling vast distances while others remained stationary.