Researchers developed a self-organizing system that models key cellular processes involved in embryogenesis, shedding light on the self-organization of ectodermal cells during neurulation. The study could inform ways to prevent or counteract central nervous system birth defects by optimizing human ectodermal development.
A study of 390,000 infants found that those born to mothers with opioid use disorder or neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome had a higher risk of postneonatal infant mortality. The study highlights the need for supportive interventions during and after pregnancy to reduce adverse outcomes.
This study introduces a novel approach to image aesthetic assessment using deep learning, focusing on color composition and space formation. It proposes extracting color palette features and image contour maps to evaluate image aesthetics.
Researchers found that cognitive behavioral therapy significantly reduced fatigue and improved concentration in patients with persistent post-COVID symptoms. After six months, the benefits persisted, indicating a safe and effective treatment option.
Biofilm-forming bacteria adhere to hydrophobic and hydrophilic protein-adsorbing SAMs firmly, while weakly attaching to hydrophilic protein-resisting SAMs. This study could lead to development of bacteria-resistant surfaces and antibiofouling coatings.
Researchers at CU Anschutz Medical Campus used metabolomics to study elite cyclists' metabolism during training and racing. The study identified healthy metabolomic signatures that can help detect dysregulations of key areas ahead of time, potentially leading to personalized exercise-as-medicine approaches for preventing chronic diseases.
A recent study found that exposure to antibiotics before age 5 triples the risk of pediatric IBD, while a Western diet high in sugars and ultra-processed foods increases the risk, and lower socioeconomic status provides protection. Conversely, having more siblings, being exposed to pets, and consuming vegetables reduce the risk.
Researchers propose that an enzyme called multicopper oxidase-2 (MCO2) gives insects a disadvantage in the sea while conferring advantages on land. This hardening mechanism is also linked to their ability to climb and fly, making it a defining feature of insects.
Green carbon science explores the interplay between economic growth, carbon energy, and carbon dioxide, aiming to develop a new energy system with carbon neutrality. The concept is based on the trilemma of economic growth, resources, and environment, and seeks to replace fossil fuels with sustainable alternatives.
A Columbia University study found that casual cannabis use by adolescents raises the risk of depression, suicidality, and problem behaviors. Nondisordered cannabis users were 2-2.5 times more likely to have adverse mental health outcomes and behavioral problems compared to teens who didn’t use cannabis.
A recent study published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice found that women exposed to domestic abuse have a significantly higher risk of developing asthma and other atopic diseases. The research, led by the University of Birmingham, analyzed patient records and found a 52% increased risk of atopic disease ...
Researchers determined the Martian crust's global structure using seismic data from a massive marsquake. The crust averages 42-56 kilometers in thickness, with variations between the northern and southern hemispheres.
Researchers used ALD to create eco-friendly exhaust gas catalysts, lithium-ion battery coatings, and hydrogen fuel cells. The technology improves catalytic and energy material performance through precise control of film thickness and composition.
Researchers review current treatment updates for systemic light chain (AL) amyloidosis, highlighting the need for early diagnosis and effective maintenance therapy. The article discusses the relationship between AL amyloidosis and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), emphasizing the importance of regular monitoring.
Researchers identified the immune signature of heart inflammation cases linked to mRNA vaccines, finding it caused by a generalized immune response rather than antibodies created by the vaccine. This knowledge may enable optimizing mRNA vaccines and reducing the risk of myocarditis in vaccinated individuals.
Researchers developed 'smart' coatings that monitor strain on implants to prevent infection and provide early failure warning. The coatings, inspired by dragonfly and cicada wings, integrate flexible sensors with antibacterial surfaces.
Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection report cognitive deficits that are associated with post-COVID-19 condition (long COVID) symptoms. Researchers suggest a potential affective component in some patients, highlighting the need for further exploration of underlying reasons.
Researchers discovered crystalline silica in lungs of coal miners with non-targeted job duties, increasing the risk of severe black lung disease. The study highlights the importance of monitoring silica exposure in all coal miners, regardless of job duties.
A new study found that quitting smoking before a lung cancer diagnosis is associated with higher survival rates. Former smokers who stopped smoking years before their diagnosis had significantly longer survival than current and former smokers diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer.
The CHEP2023 conference will address computing, networking, and software issues for leading data-intensive science experiments. Key trends and solutions in computing as it applies to research in nuclear and high energy physics will be discussed.
Professor Osvaldo Daniel Messina was awarded the 2023 IOF CNS Medal for his significant contributions to osteoporosis prevention. He has expanded IOF's messages and outreach in Argentina and internationally, promoting fracture prevention and healthy mobility.
Professor Bess Dawson-Hughes has been recognized with the 2023 IOF President’s Award for her significant contributions to advancing osteoporosis research and treatment. Her extensive body of work has led to a greater understanding of nutrition's role in age-related bone loss.
Scientists used ultrafast electron microscopy to observe fleeting excited electrons and revealed that only one electron is excited directly in the process. This discovery sheds light on the mechanism of excitation-doubling and could lead to significant improvements in photovoltaic applications.
Researchers found lower levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in people with Long COVID, as well as increased B cells and immune cell dysregulation. Autonomic nervous system problems also contributed to symptoms like fatigue and 'brain fog',
A former professional football player's life-altering cognitive decline was reversed after a comprehensive assessment revealed signs of hydrocephalus, which could be treated. The case study highlights the importance of considering alternative explanations for cognitive decline in athletes.
Researchers at Columbia University Irving Medical Center found that patients with well-controlled HIV responded similarly to those without HIV to tecovirimat treatment. Nearly all patients, regardless of HIV status, were pain-free by the end of the treatment regimen.
Researchers found that people who perceived cognitive difficulties during COVID were more likely to experience physical symptoms of long COVID. The study suggests a psychological component for lingering SARS-CoV-2 symptoms in some patients.
The US federal government's management of wild horses is flawed due to conflicting societal views, leading to unsustainable population growth. A clear definition of feral equids is needed to implement effective management plans that balance ecosystem health and fiscal responsibility.
A recent study found that online art breaks can significantly improve mood and reduce anxiety in participants. The research team discovered that individuals with high levels of aesthetic responsiveness benefit more from interactive art experiences, suggesting a personalized approach to online art interventions for well-being.
Adding Amazonian dark earth to soils increases plant growth by 3-8 times compared to control soil. The nutrient-rich soil also supports a greater biodiversity of beneficial bacteria and archaea, which transform chemical particles into nutrients. This 'secret weapon' could help speed up forest restoration projects worldwide.
A multi-institutional phase 3 clinical trial found that a cancer stem cell test can accurately decide more effective treatments and lead to increased survival for patients with recurrent glioblastoma. ChemoID, a CLIA-accredited diagnostic test, was used to select chemotherapy treatments, resulting in significantly lower risk of death a...
The IOF Medal of Achievement is awarded to individuals who significantly advance osteoporosis research and increase awareness of the disease. Professor Jean-Yves Reginster has made major impacts on the field through his original scientific contributions, education, and advocacy.
A study from Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago found that the 'trusted parents' and 'safe and tested' message types increased Black parents' intentions to vaccinate their children. Messages emphasizing vaccine safety and efficacy were effective in addressing concerns among hesitant parents.
Researchers identify OmpU protein variants associated with antimicrobial resistance in Vibrio cholerae bacteria. Understanding the evolutionary origins of AMR can inform the development of effective therapeutics against resistant infections.
Scientists at IMP used a new mass spectrometry technique to precisely measure the masses of key nuclei, including arsenic-64 and selenium-66. The newly measured data led to changes in the rp-process path, indicating lower neutron star density and higher outer shell temperatures.
Researchers developed an online adaptive model for streaming anomaly detection that incorporates human-machine cooperation. The ISPForest method adjusts parameters and structures in real-time based on human feedback, leading to improved accuracy and reduced labor costs.
Soil archaea in a warming climate become less diverse and more predictable, according to a long-term experiment led by Jizhong Zhou. The study found that experimental warming altered the community structure of soil archaea, reducing their taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity.
Researchers are working on a new concept for lithium-air batteries that could lead to significant improvements in energy storage capacity. A collaborative project in Germany aims to test new materials and components to enhance the stability of these battery cells. The goal is to overcome technical challenges such as unstable electrolyt...
A new study reveals that female leaders are attributed to bad luck when they fail, whereas male leaders' negative outcomes are blamed on their selfish decisions. In a laboratory setting, researchers found biases in the attribution of outcomes that favor women.
Bernard Cortet receives ESCEO-IOF Herbert Fleisch Medal for groundbreaking contributions to osteoporosis research, including publications on clinical recommendations and patient outcomes. He is recognized for his leadership roles in French Society of Rheumatology and Osteoporosis Research and Information Group.
Researchers from Integrated Biosciences developed an AI platform to discover novel senolytic compounds, a class of molecules targeting age-related processes. The platform identified three highly selective and potent compounds with favorable medicinal chemistry properties.
The April nTIDE report reveals a decline in employment-to-population ratio and labor force participation rate for people with disabilities. Despite this downturn, employment remains above pre-pandemic levels, with working-age individuals with disabilities making up 3.8% of the total workforce.
A new study found that young adults with advanced heart disease desire to be actively involved in their medical care decisions, despite their parents' preference for a shared decision-making approach. The research highlights the importance of understanding individual preferences and personalizing communication methods with each patient.
A team of scientists has proposed a dispersive Jones matrix method for independent phase manipulations on any desired orthogonal polarization channels at predefined discrete wavelengths. This enables the generation of achromatically focusing spots over three pairs of arbitrarily chosen orthogonal polarizations on spatially separated ch...
The International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) has awarded five young investigators grants for their research on nutritional factors and musculoskeletal health. The winners' projects focus on various aspects of diet, exercise, and bone health, with potential to lead to clinical advances or preventative strategies.
Researchers found that right hippocampal theta power hierarchically encodes the distance between current position and goal destination. The study used intracranial electroencephalography recordings from epilepsy patients performing a virtual navigation task.
The iPODs system enables rapid-results testing with reduced error, cross-contamination, and sample loss by automating droplet transfer. The device shows strong linearity in bacterial detection, with an R-squared value of 0.999, making it accurate for point-of-care testing.
A recent study found that investors make higher bids in sunny periods, leading to lower discounts for shares. The study also discovered that investors become more optimistic and risk-taker when exposed to sunshine, which can lead to higher bid prices. The research has important implications for investors and market regulators.
A RAND Corporation study found that defendants with legal counsel during initial bail hearings are more likely to receive non-monetary releases and have reduced jail stays. This is attributed to the impact of public defenders on favorable outcomes at the initial bail hearing.
A pilot program, developed by University of Cincinnati anthropologist Kathleen Grogan, invited postdoctoral researchers to review each other's job application packages, providing critiques and psychosocial support. Most participants found the feedback helpful in improving their chances of securing a faculty position.
A new study by UCL researchers hints at the possibility of detecting conditions such as coeliac disease and Parkinson's disease in principle up to 10 years before diagnosis. The review of existing evidence indicates a 'diagnostic window' – the point at which diagnosis may be possible for some patients.
Researchers have made a significant breakthrough in wave chaos research, unveiling a new platform for studying dynamical localization transitions in periodic cavity arrays. The study explores the wave chaos of deformed optical microcavities coupled to crystalline momentum, revealing potential implications for quantum information and co...
Sons of women with PCOS are two times more likely to develop obesity and have high levels of male hormones, leading to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. A mouse study confirms these findings, showing fat tissue and metabolism problems in the offspring despite a healthy diet.
Quitting smoking early after a lung cancer diagnosis was associated with lower mortality rates. Detailed smoking history collection can improve lung cancer prognosis and treatment selection. The study's findings suggest that smoking cessation timing may impact overall survival, particularly at different clinical stages.
The discovery of two shadow puppets in the disk of young star TW Hydrae suggests that planets may be forming in a complex system. The shadows are thought to be caused by the gravitational pull of two planets in slightly different orbital planes, with one planet likely to be Jupiter-mass.
Black mothers are less likely to initiate and continue breastfeeding due to various psychological and social factors. Accessible education and community support are key factors that positively affect long-term breastfeeding goals. Researchers urge healthcare providers to develop population-specific interventions guided by the voices of...
Researchers found that IL-6 signaling in allergen-specific T cells was needed to suppress commitment to the harmful Th2 lineage. SOCS3 upregulation by IL-6 inhibits JAK/STAT internal signaling pathway, preventing Th2 cell priming.
Renowned astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti received the International Osteoporosis Foundation President’s Award for her collaboration on the "Lift Off For Bone Health" public awareness campaign. The campaign reached over three million people, with videos viewed close to two million times.
The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health system provides a promising career path for emergency physicians, offering competitive salaries and various opportunities for growth and development. The VA's focus on excellent care, education, and research provides a supportive environment for medical professionals to thrive.
Researchers use multispectral imaging and multi-omics platforms to identify hard alfalfa seeds, discovering a previously unknown PY+PD dormancy pattern that governs germination failure. The study reveals the role of abscisic acid hormones in regulating seed dormancy.