A new approach, STING-seq, combines genetic association studies, gene editing, and single-cell sequencing to identify causal variants and genetic mechanisms for blood cell traits. This method can help scientists identify drug targets for diseases with a genetic basis.
A study of 1,340 women with high-risk breast cancer found that strongest collective adherence to lifestyle recommendations was associated with significant reductions in disease recurrence and mortality. Education strategies to help patients adhere to cancer prevention recommendations are warranted.
Researchers at the Stowers Institute for Medical Research have revealed the dynamics of a new, young chromosome in fruit flies similar to those found in humans associated with treatment-resistant cancer and infertility. The B chromosomes are maintained by meiotic drive, enabling them to persist in a genome.
A virtual yoga program led by Sean Mullen reduced stress and anxiety in full-time working adults, improving short-term memory. The study used moderate-intensity yoga sequences to investigate its benefits for executive functioning and adherence to exercise programs.
Researchers have developed a quantum lidar system that uses single-photon detection to acquire high-resolution 3D images underwater. The technology has the potential to inspect underwater installations, monitor submerged archaeology sites, and enhance security applications.
Researchers synthesized Co@NPC catalyst with N and P co-doping, demonstrating improved catalytic performance in hydrogenation reactions. The study revealed that P doping enhances selectivity for cinnamyl alcohol, while N doping affects catalytic activity.
A new study found that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) improved the quality of aging females' egg cells in roundworms by reducing embryonic death and chromosomal abnormalities. Replication in fruit flies confirmed the findings, suggesting a shared signaling system between species.
Researchers found that GlyNAC supplementation corrected brain glutathione deficiency, improved glucose transporters, reversed mitochondrial dysfunction, and improved cognition in old mice. The study also showed reductions in oxidative stress, inflammation, and genomic damage, as well as improvements in neurotrophic factors.
Updated guidelines recommend discontinuing antibiotics immediately after a patient's incision is closed. Continuing antibiotics increases risk of C. difficile infection and antimicrobial resistance, but does not prevent surgical site infections.
The Hubble Space Telescope has captured a second shadow sweeping across the face of TW Hydrae's vast pancake-shaped gas-and-dust disk, suggesting the presence of two planets in slightly different orbital planes. The disks are likely proxies for these planets, which could be lapping each other as they whirl around the star.
The IOF-ESCEO World Congress on Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis, and Musculoskeletal Diseases is the largest international scientific event devoted to musculoskeletal disorders. The congress presents new clinical advances and research on osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, sarcopenia, frailty, and rare skeletal disorders.
A team of researchers led by Prof. Harald Steiner has found that modifying cell membrane properties can affect the production of amyloid-β protein in Alzheimer's disease. The study showed that adding long-chain fatty acids to membranes altered enzyme activity, leading to non-uniform effects on amyloid-β production.
Researchers at Duke-NUS Medical School have identified a special transporter protein that regulates the formation of myelin sheaths in the brain, which protect nerves from damage. The study suggests that omega-3 fatty acid lipids play a crucial role in directing oligodendrocyte development, a process critical for brain myelination.
Research published in European Heart Journal – Digital Health found a 12% increased risk of high blood pressure among mobile phone users who spent 30 minutes or more per week on calls. This association held true even after adjusting for other risk factors, suggesting that the duration of phone conversations may be a crucial factor.
Researchers developed a calculator to identify patients with multiple myeloma and primary systemic amyloidosis who have a more benign profile, allowing for personalized treatment. The tool predicts survival based on clinical-biological characteristics and has been validated in international series.
Researchers have sequenced the genomes of Leatherback and Green sea turtles, revealing similarities in their immune systems and evolution. The study provides clues for understanding fibropapillomatosis, a cancer affecting these species, and informs conservation efforts.
A low-cost antibacterial regimen can prevent acute radiation dermatitis, a common skin problem affecting up to 95% of radiation therapy patients. The treatment involves using chlorhexidine and mupirocin nasal ointment twice daily, with no adverse effects or severe cases reported.
Researchers warn that climate change will lead to the loss of habitats for invertebrates in the European Alps, with many species forced to seek refuge in colder areas. The study predicts that by the end of the century, most species will have experienced consistent losses of habitat.
Scientists observe streams of intergalactic gas enriched with elements heavier than helium surrounding a massive galaxy. The findings suggest that the gas was recycled during earlier periods of star formation and is now fueling the galaxy's rapid growth.
Researchers at EPFL have computationally designed novel protein binders that attach seamlessly to key targets, including the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, using deep learning-generated 'fingerprints' to characterize millions of protein fragments. This method demonstrates therapeutic potential for rapidly designing protein-based therapeutics.
Researchers discovered that gamma delta T cells can effectively combat triple-negative breast cancer by targeting stress-induced molecules and phosphoantigens. Counteracting metabolic changes with zolendronate makes immunotherapy more efficient.
A study from the Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology found technological continuity spanning 140,000 years at Bargny 1 site in Senegal, suggesting Middle Stone Age toolkits persisted longer than thought. The research highlights long-term cultural stability in West Africa's diverse habitats.
Researchers have observed beta-arrestin molecules directly controlling receptor-mediated signals in living cells using advanced microscopy. The study reveals a new mechanism of how these proteins interact with receptors on the plasma membrane, enabling efficient control of signal flow and desensitization.
New research reveals that atmospheric dust supports 4.5% of global annual carbon export production through phytoplankton growth, with regional variation up to 20-40%. This pathway helps regulate atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and mitigate climate change.
An international team of scientists has imaged and analyzed THz waves propagating in form of plasmon polaritons along thin anisotropic semiconductor platelets. The wavelengths vary with direction, allowing for manipulation of light at the nanoscale.
A five-year field experiment found that nitrogen addition increases biomass recovery but decreases structural recovery after drought, while annual mowing improves both biomass and structural recovery. The study highlights the importance of dominant species and plant functional groups in determining grassland stability under drought.
A new study by Tulane University found that five out of 60 beverages tested contained elevated levels of toxic metals above federal drinking water standards. Mixed-fruit juices and plant-based milks were more likely to contain these elements, highlighting the importance of moderation in consumption.
The Antarctic and Arctic seas are responding differently to climate change, with the Arctic experiencing more rapid melting and thinning. Continuous monitoring is crucial to understand how global warming affects each region's unique characteristics.
Researchers developed a new simulation software to study defect accumulation mechanisms in polycrystalline metals. The software clarifies the dependence of vacancy accumulation on grain boundary character and grain size, revealing new interaction processes and their coupling.
A team of researchers from The Ohio State University, University of California Davis, and Virginia Commonwealth University will investigate the biological mechanisms of chronic stress's effect on cardiovascular health. They aim to identify specific interventions that can help reduce health risks associated with chronic stress.
Donna M. Fick, PhD, will improve health, independence, and quality of life for older adults as AGS President. She brings expertise on delirium superimposed on dementia and inappropriate medication use to her role.
The UMD-led TRAILS institute will develop AI technologies that promote trust and mitigate risks through broader participation, new technology development, and informed governance. The institute aims to create AI systems that align with values and interests of diverse groups, leading to increased transparency, reliability, and accountab...
A comprehensive manual has been developed to engineer spin dynamics in nanomagnets, revealing mechanisms behind magnon interactions. The rules formulated by the researchers can help debug and design nanomagnet devices for next-generation computation technologies.
A new study found that job candidates who are exposed to social impact framing tend to refrain from negotiating for higher salaries due to feelings of discomfort. The researchers suggest that managers should be aware of this phenomenon and create greater transparency about company norms and values regarding compensation.
Researchers successfully performed the first in-utero surgery to repair a potentially deadly developmental condition called vein of Galen malformation. The procedure involved treating an aggressive vascular malformation before birth, resulting in improved cardiac output and no signs of negative effects on the brain after birth.
Researchers at Fudan University have developed braided current collectors that increase the energy density of fiber lithium-ion batteries. The new design improves ion transport within the electrode, increasing charge density and reducing obstruction to lithium ion transport.
A new study reveals that Indigenous people in the Amazon Basin are twice as likely to die prematurely from smoke exposure due to wildfires than the broader South American population. Exposure to harmful smoke particles is highest during the dry season, and mortality rates can be up to 6 times that of the general population.
Researchers at Penn State have developed a method to biofortify microgreens with zinc, which can increase their nutritional value and potentially address 'hidden hunger.' The study found that seeds soaked in a 200 parts per million solution of zinc sulfate resulted in higher zinc accumulation in pea and sunflower microgreens.
The new PCR technique enables scalable DNA data storage, making large, energy-guzzling data centers obsolete. The technology stores data in compact, long-lasting DNA files that can be easily searched and retrieved using fluorescent labels.
The EIC Center at Jefferson Lab has announced six new research fellowships to advance the science program of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). This year's awardees will work on various topics, including the development of instruments and experiments to maximize the potential of the EIC.
A new FRS sensor enables simultaneous two-component detection of nitrogen oxides, addressing slow measurement rates and lack of selectivity in traditional methods. The sensor achieves high detection sensitivity using wavelength modulation spectroscopy and a static magnetic field.
A pilot study found that high-dose tadalafil improved metabolic control and reduced hemoglobin A1c levels by 2.50 mmol/mol in patients with well-controlled type 2 diabetes. The treatment also showed increased blood flow, liver values, and metabolism.
The National Science Foundation has awarded Columbia University a $20 million grant to establish the AI Institute for Artificial and Natural Intelligence (ARNI), an interdisciplinary center focused on connecting AI systems to brain research. ARNI will bring together top researchers from across the U.S. to advance neuroscience, cognitiv...
Researchers at City University of Hong Kong have developed a multifunctional additive that improves the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells by modulating film growth. The additive reduces defects, leading to higher power conversion efficiency and lower energy loss.
A study revealed a rare coinheritance of APC and MLH1 gene mutations in familial colorectal cancer, leading to high genome instability. This finding accelerates early tumor onset and rapid progression.
The Build Better Bones platform provides practical guidance on strengthening bones through targeted exercises and bone-healthy nutrition. The platform also offers helpful information for caregivers, including support with daily tasks and medical specialty knowledge.
Embry-Riddle researchers have discovered that seasonal and daily variations in the Earth's magnetic tilt can trigger changes in large-wavelength space waves, known as Kelvin-Helmholtz waves. These waves occur at the boundary between the solar wind and the Earth's magnetic shield, affecting astronaut safety and satellite communications.
A Cornell astrophysicist explains how the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) satellite detected polarized X-rays from a magnetar, revealing 'photon metamorphosis' – a transformation of X-ray photons. The phenomenon is a natural consequence of quantum electrodynamics under strong magnetic field conditions.
A diagnostic study using 4,095 retinal fundus images found that biomarker-based AI algorithms can be susceptible to racial bias, even when trained on raw images. This issue highlights the need for careful evaluation of AI performance in diverse populations.
Researchers at UVA Health System have made a breakthrough discovery about the role of microglia in seizure disorders. The study suggests that enhancing microglial activity could be a promising approach to preventing and managing seizures, offering new hope for patients who don't respond to existing treatments.
New research shows that people with bipolar disorder or depression are more likely to be hospitalized if their verbal memory is poor. The study found an approximately 84% increased risk of admission to a psychiatric ward due to impaired verbal memory.
Researchers discovered a chemical defense mechanism in migratory locusts that deters cannibalism, reducing the formation of destructive swarms. The pheromone PAN protects individuals from being eaten by other locusts when population density increases.
A community science survey reveals an abundance of floating sea creatures in the North Pacific Garbage Patch, including jellyfish, snails, and crustaceans. The study found a positive correlation between plastic waste and three groups of sea creatures, highlighting the complex relationships within this ecosystem.
A study found that clinical trial eligibility criteria may be a barrier to enrollment of patients from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups. Black patients were most likely to be deemed ineligible due to blood cell counts or lack of prior treatments, while Asian patients had the lowest rate of ineligibility.
Researchers have developed a system that uses generative diffusion to create new proteins, advancing the field of generative biology. The system, called ProteinSGM, learns from image representations to generate fully new proteins, which are biophysically real and functional.
A study from Smithsonian researchers deepens understanding of Earth's crust by testing and eliminating the garnet hypothesis about why continental crust is lower in iron and more oxidized. The findings suggest that intense heat and pressure cannot produce the necessary conditions for garnet formation, contradicting a popular explanation.
Researchers found that Foxp2 mutations disrupt the formation of dendrites and neuronal synapses in brain regions involved in speech production. Mice with these mutations showed impairments in producing high-frequency sounds necessary for communication.
A team of clinicians successfully treated an aggressive vascular malformation in an infant's brain before birth, preventing potentially fatal symptoms and brain damage. The procedure marked a paradigm shift in managing vein of Galen malformation, reducing the risk of long-term disability or death.
Researchers found breast cancer tumors send signals to bone marrow altering its environment and suppressing anti-tumor response. After tumor removal, changes persist, reducing immunotherapy's success.
Researchers reconstruct bacterial genomes of Ice Age microorganisms, reviving ancient natural products and discovering new chemical diversity. The team uses synthetic molecular biotechnology to produce chemicals encoded by ancient genes, unlocking the secrets of Earth's past microbes.