Scientists developed a modeling technique to study urban traffic flows and verified it with real-world data from Shanghai. They discovered that Zhonghuan Road is a potential bottleneck that could lead to cascading failure of the entire urban traffic system.
Researchers at the University of Missouri found that adaptive clothing customers face challenges with website usability, limited design and functionality, and sizing issues. The study provides guidelines for retailers to design products that cater to people with disabilities, promoting confidence and workplace wearability.
Researchers at Lund University discovered a novel mechanism linking RNA splicing to the development of leukemia in myelodysplastic syndrome patients. The study highlights the critical role of core spliceosome component SF3B1 and its regulation by N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, which provides a
Richard McIndoe is leading a national research initiative to advance understanding of diabetes and obesity through the National Centers for Metabolic Phenotyping in Live Models of Obesity and Diabetes (MPMOD). The MPMOD initiative provides access to advanced testing services, including bariatric surgery on mice, to enable new insights ...
Scientists have detected uracil and nicotinic acid in asteroid Ryugu samples collected by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. The discovery suggests that important building blocks for life were created in space and delivered to Earth via meteorites, supporting current theories on the source of nucleobases.
Young children with autism spectrum disorder are less likely to undergo vision screening than their peers, despite a high risk of developing serious eye disorders. A recent study found that only 36.5% of children with ASD had completed vision screenings at well visits, compared to 59.5% for children without ASD.
A study published in Nature Immunology found that antibodies from previously infected patients can neutralize variants of the COVID-19 disease, including the Omicron variant. These broadly neutralizing antibodies have unique biochemical and structural features that enable them to block the virus from entering human cells.
Scientists create nanomaterial that mimics photosynthesis to produce syngas from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight. This innovation has potential for large-scale chemical industry applications and could lead to sustainable battery production.
A new LSU Health New Orleans study suggests that single, focused Interprofessional Education-based exercises can significantly decrease stigma associated with alcohol use and improve knowledge and confidence in screening for Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). The exercise led to substantial improvements in student understanding of AUD risks, ...
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have developed a new type of metamaterial concrete that can be designed to have specific attributes like brittleness, flexibility, and shapeability. This material can generate electricity and can also be used to monitor damage inside concrete structures or earthquakes, reducing their impact o...
QUT researchers have solved a long-held geological conundrum about how diamonds formed in the deep roots of the earth's ancient continents. The study used computer modeling on an ancient rock sample to determine that diamonds are rare today and were always rare, challenging the existing explanation.
The study found substantial drop in laboratory radiation, with most cases producing undetectable radiation exposure to cardiology staff. The new radiation protection system reduces overall room radiation and eliminates head and face exposure, promoting workplace safety.
Researchers found that anatomical variations in a speaker's vocal tract affect speech production, with factors such as horizontal and vertical length, head inclination, and hard palate shape influencing vowel frequencies. The study suggests that understanding anatomy is crucial for producing speech.
Researchers at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln have experimentally confirmed that nitrate can transport naturally occurring uranium from underground to groundwater. The study found that adding nitrate to water increased the amount of uranium carried away, implicating both nitrate and microorganisms in mobilizing the uranium.
A protein called PI3K plays a crucial role in immune cell function, and genetic variations disrupting its signalling have been identified as the root cause of two immunodeficiency disorders. The study reveals how minor disruptions in immune cell signalling can lead to immune deficiency or dysfunction.
Researchers used artificial intelligence to analyze electrocardiogram results from 1.6 million patients, predicting mortality risk with 85% accuracy. The study aims to improve individual care and create a learning health-care system that feeds data back into the healthcare system.
Researchers have discovered halide electrolytes with relatively wide electrochemical stability windows and good compatibility with cathodes. These findings provide a new strategy for designing solid-state batteries using lithium halide solid electrolytes.
A new study finds that supernovae have a persistent influence on marine life's biodiversity, with variations in nearby exploding stars closely following changes in marine genera. Supernovae may regulate climate through cosmic rays, influencing nutrient transport and primary bioproductivity.
A new study maps the pathways leading to childhood obesity, highlighting the need for comprehensive solutions beyond diet and exercise. Factors such as socio-economic status, parental education, and social disadvantage play a significant role in determining a child's risk of developing obesity.
Researchers have pushed single-atom vibrational spectroscopy to the level of chemical bonds, enabling precise measurements of point defects in graphene. The study found unique vibrational modes for two types of silicon point defects, with stronger signals for one defect configuration.
Researchers have identified 238 genes that regulate Alzheimer's disease, including Surf4, which contributes to the disease by altering the regulation of calcium within the cell. The study found that most of these genes are involved in mitochondrial activity, protein translation and intracellular calcium regulation.
A study published in the Journal of Experimental Child Psychology found that Russian-speaking readers, including both children and adults, rely on orthographic information during parafoveal pre-processing. The participants were able to recognize words with incorrect letter order more easily than those with pseudohomophones.
The VALOR-QI program will provide a blueprint for quality care improvement, focusing on high-risk patients and addressing health equity gaps. It will offer education, staff training, monitoring, and other steps to achieve better compliance with cholesterol management.
Researchers identified over 1,000 genes with age-related methylation changes in human sperm. These changes are associated with increased offspring disease susceptibility for neurodevelopmental disorders. The study found no correlation between paternal BMI or semen quality and age-related methylation changes.
Researchers have identified a molecule called NLRP10 as an intracellular 'smoke detector' that warns of mitochondrial damage. This detection triggers a process that eliminates damaged cells, preventing chronic inflammation and tissue damage. The discovery could lead to new therapies for skin and intestinal diseases.
Supervised exercise training is safe and may improve exercise capacity and quality of life for people with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Exercise therapy has been shown to be more effective in improving quality of life compared to medications for this condition.
Researchers discovered over 500 non-canonical protein-derived peptides that could be recognized by T-cells, but found no spontaneous immune response. Three novel T-cell receptors were identified for specific non-canonical HLA-I tumor ligands with promising tumor specificity.
A new database has been launched to provide accurate and consistent data on minority-serving institutions (MSIs) in the US. The MSI Data Project offers dashboards with data on institutional characteristics, enrollment, and graduation metrics for MSIs from 2017-2021.
Researchers developed a small-molecule drug that limits magnesium transport into cellular power plants, resulting in skinny, healthy mice. The findings hold significant implications for preventing cardiometabolic diseases like heart attack and stroke, as well as reducing liver cancer risk.
Researchers at Pusan National University have created a portable molecular sensor that detects biogenic amines released from spoiled food using polydiacetylene-based beads. The sensor, which changes color to red upon binding with BAs, can be used for rapid visual detection of spoiled food during storage and distribution.
Physicists discover correspondence between dense states of gluons and enormous black holes, both characterized by self-interacting force carrier particles. The study reveals universal limits on entropy and information content in these systems.
A new study found that women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations who are obese may experience higher rates of DNA damage in their breast tissue, which could contribute to breast cancer development. The researchers suggest that weight management and medications like metformin may be important for preventive care.
Researchers create a 3D-printing system to construct cheesecake from edible food inks, enabling customizable foods with improved nutrient content. The technology could address issues with low-nutrient processed foods, making it appealing for individuals with dietary restrictions and those requiring personalized nutrition.
A new study published in PLOS Medicine found a similar association of progestogen-only and combined hormonal contraceptives with breast cancer risk. The analysis of almost 10,000 women under 50 years old showed a 20-30% relative increase in breast cancer risk associated with both types of contraceptives.
Researchers have shed light on the molecular mechanisms allowing beetles to absorb water rectally, a property enabling them to survive in extremely dry environments. This knowledge could be used to develop more targeted and eco-friendly methods to combat beetle species that destroy food production.
Researchers developed an AI tool called SILIC to identify 169 species, including 137 birds, from bird sounds in Yushan National Park. The dataset provides detailed acoustic activity patterns of wildlife across short and long temporal scales.
A study published in Nature Communications reveals that microbes living on the leaves of perennial crops like miscanthus and switchgrass play a crucial role in plant resilience. The research identifies specific microbial functions that could be targeted for future management, promoting crop growth and reducing environmental impact.
Researchers from Osaka University have improved the Faradaic efficiency of nitrogen reduction into ammonia at ambient pressure using trace water. This work helps optimize the sustainability of the Haber-Bosch reaction, which contributes substantially to global carbon emissions.
A study found that healthy adult men with vaginal sex have a unique bacterial community in their urethra, with a core community supporting health and a secondary group more commonly found in the vagina. Vaginal sex has lasting effects, reshaping the male urinary-tract microbiome and increasing bacterial variation.
A new nano-barrier coating has been developed to protect ultra-lightweight carbon composite materials from radiation damage and electrostatic resistance. The innovative coating adds a layer of protection, reducing the need for heavy shielding materials and maintaining stability in space.
University of Ottawa researchers Ezgi Pulatsu and Chibuike Udenigwe identified crucial factors impacting the print quality and shape complexity of edible materials produced by additive manufacturing. By optimizing these features, food quality can be improved, control increased, and printing speed enhanced.
Astronomers have discovered a galaxy with a unique activity in its core, leading to a reclassification as a giant radio galaxy. The PBC J2333.9-2343 galaxy has a blazar at its center with jets that changed direction drastically by up to 90 degrees.
Researchers have created wearable microscopes to produce high-definition, real-time images of mouse spinal cord activity across previously inaccessible regions. This technology enables unprecedented insight into the neural basis of sensations and movement in healthy and disease contexts.
The ESO VLT observed the aftermath of the DART impact, showing that the ejected cloud was bluer than the asteroid itself, indicating fine particles. The team found no signs of ice or DART spacecraft propellant, but detected changes in light polarization suggesting altered surface composition.
Researchers from the University of Illinois have developed a new theory that explains how convection occurs inside reactive porous media, shedding light on mass and heat transfer principles. The theory introduces a spectral Sherwood number and extends Newton's law of cooling for convection heat transfer to transient conditions.
The Minderoo-Monaco Commission on Plastics and Human Health issues a sweeping new report highlighting the far-reaching health hazards of plastics across their life cycle. The report examines the economic, health, environmental, and social costs associated with plastics from extraction to end states.
A new study has found that the growing period of hardwood forests in eastern North America has increased by an average of one month over the past century as temperatures have steadily risen. The research used data from Ohio farmer Thomas Mikesell's comprehensive dataset and compared it to present-day observations, revealing a clear con...
Researchers at Western University discovered that Staphylococcus aureus bacteria enhances SARS-CoV-2 replication by 10- to 15-fold. This finding could inform the development of new therapeutic approaches for COVID-19 patients with bacterial co-infections.
The new technology enables compact, low-power, fast, and energy-efficient devices for fibre-optical communications, sensors, and future quantum computers. This breakthrough could lead to advancements in applications such as 3D imaging for autonomous vehicles and photonic-assisted computing.
A recent NC State University study examines the relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and law enforcement. The study reveals that law enforcement agencies must be involved in developing public policies regarding AI technologies, such as autonomous vehicles. Key findings also suggest that many officers lack understanding of ...
A team of NYU Abu Dhabi researchers analyzed 1 million papers to reveal disparities in editorial boards, review times, and citation rates for non-white scientists. Non-white editors are underrepresented, with Black researchers facing the longest review times and lowest citation rates.
The Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Health System have received a seven-year, $30 million grant from the National Institutes of Health to continue supporting the Harold and Muriel Block Institute for Clinical and Translational Research. The grant will advance translational science and health equity by accelerating th...
Researchers developed a new particle resuspension prediction model based on quasi-static moment equilibrium, which considers flow characteristics, particle morphology, and rough wall surface. The model is more accurate than classical models and can be applied to traceability analysis of pollutants.
The CONVINCE project, funded by €4 million, focuses on developing cognitive deliberation capabilities in autonomous robots to enhance safe and robust operation in unstructured environments. The goal is to enable robots to adapt to their surroundings and tasks autonomously without human intervention.
A research group led by Yali Zhang has discovered the molecular basis for the sense of alkaline taste in fruit flies. They identified a previously unknown chloride ion channel, named Alka, which plays a critical role in detecting and avoiding high-pH food.
Researchers found that people who ranked high in JOMO also reported high levels of social anxiety, but with mixed results on the nature of JOMO. High JOMO scorers were more likely to report moderate feelings of loneliness despite not being socially anxious.
A study by Indian Institute of Science researchers found that enhanced recombination in the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant resulted in new mutations affecting viral proteins, particularly those involved in host-cell binding. These mutations enabled the virus to evade immune defenses and infect host cells more efficiently.
A new study reveals that the SPUR tool, developed by Kingston University and Observia, can accurately predict hospital admissions and early readmissions in people with Type 2 Diabetes. The tool has been found to be effective in reducing hospital admissions and improving patient outcomes.
A research team from MedUni Vienna found that only neutralizing antibodies can inform us about protection against new infections. The study discovered a previously unknown weak point of the virus, which is a conserved site on the surface of the virus.
Researchers at Harvard University developed a novel RNA sense-and-respond circuit, DART VADAR, which utilizes an enzyme to detect specific molecular markers of disease and cell types. This enables highly specific treatments for various diseases by triggering the translation of therapeutic genetic payloads.