Researchers have developed a new simulation method to study polarons in 2D materials, which could lead to breakthroughs in OLED TVs and hydrogen fuel production. The study uses quantum mechanical theory and computation to determine the fundamental properties of polarons in 2D materials.
Patricia M. LoRusso, DO, PhD (hc), has been elected as the American Association for Cancer Research President-Elect for 2023-2024, succeeding an unnamed previous president-elect. She is a professor of medicine and chief of experimental therapeutics at Yale Cancer Center and Smilow Cancer Hospital.
The new test helps detect new HIV infection and follows current guidelines for testing patients on HIV prevention medication. The study identified successful efforts and opportunities for process improvement during the first three months of implementation.
Researchers found that miR-145 suppresses cervical cancer cell growth and inhibits aerobic glycolysis. Targeting miR-145 is expected to be an effective strategy for cervical cancer treatment, according to the study.
A new study from PetDx shows OncoK9 performs similarly to its landmark clinical validation study in real-world settings, detecting 26 types of cancer in high-risk dogs. The test also provides peace of mind for veterinarians and families by detecting cancer in over 94% of negative cases.
A study of over 6,000 participants found that those consuming more than 550 milligrams of magnesium per day had a brain age approximately one year younger by 55 compared to those with normal intake. Increased magnesium intake was also associated with lower risk of dementia and better cognitive function.
Researchers have developed a novel process to convert nitrogen and hydrogen into ammonia at ambient temperature and pressure with high energy efficiency. The process uses a solid polymeric electrolyte and eliminates the need for purification, producing pure ammonia gas.
An international team developed a novel method for evaluating AI interpretability methods to decipher the basis of AI reasoning and possible biases. The approach helps users understand what influences AI results and whether they can be trusted, especially in medical applications where AI-powered decisions can impact health and lives.
The research demonstrates that low concentration ether-based electrolyte can successfully endure the long-term high voltage operation of practical LMB. The findings show that regulating solvation structure and adjusting surficial electric double layer can prevent degradation and improve performance.
Researchers from Kessler Foundation found that transcutaneous spinal stimulation does not interfere with implanted intrathecal baclofen pump delivery systems. However, communication between the pump and its interrogator may be briefly affected due to electromagnetic interference.
A recent study found that adolescents living in areas with healthier built environments are less likely to be obese and have healthier eating habits. The study suggests that strategies for addressing childhood obesity should focus on improving built environments.
Researchers are conducting a six-year study to explore epistemic injustices in healthcare, which occur when patients' testimonies and perspectives are ignored or dismissed. The project aims to find ways to correct these injustices and improve the relationship between patients and healthcare practitioners.
A new surgical therapy has proven effective in treating melanoma in the eye that has spread to the liver, with 40% of patients experiencing tumor shrinkage, and offers a promising alternative to current treatments.
A recent survey experiment by Regina Bateson reveals that people with pandemic employment gaps are perceived more negatively than those who remained employed. This stigma could have long-term social and economic consequences for individuals who lost their jobs during the pandemic.
A new study found that girls born to obese mothers are at higher risk of developing obesity or overweight, with similar BMI and fat mass to their mothers. The association was not seen in boys or daughters from non-obese fathers.
A recent study found that graduate engineering identity and advisor-peer relationships play a crucial role in predicting degree completion intention. The research, conducted across 98 universities, reveals that strengthening these connections can lead to increased retention rates and improved support for neurodivergent students.
Researchers have discovered a novel medication that effectively treats a rare hereditary muscle disease causing complete immobility and death. The treatment has also shown promise in treating severe statin-associated myopathy, with improved symptoms in patients awaiting treatment.
A new study published in the European Heart Journal shows that using waist-to-height ratio instead of BMI provides a clearer picture of patient outcomes in heart failure. The researchers found that greater adiposity is associated with worse outcomes, including high rates of hospitalization and reduced health-related quality of life.
Researchers found that hematopoietic stem cells use aggrephagy to collect and destroy misfolded proteins, a process that is critical for maintaining stem cell fitness and longevity. Boosting this pathway could help preserve stem cell health and mitigate blood and immune disorders.
Researchers found that women with multiple sclerosis were more likely to report sleep disorders, including obstructive sleep apnea, insomnia, and sleepiness. Insomnia mediated more than 10% of the cognitive problems reported by women with MS, while sleep apnea accounted for 34%.
Scientists have calculated that the Amundsen Sea Embayment in West Antarctica has lost over 3,000 billion tonnes of ice over a 25-year period. The ice loss is attributed to extreme snowfall events and changes in ocean temperature and currents, contributing up to nine millimetres to global sea levels.
Scientists studied how the marsupial sabertooth's wide-set eyes and large canines affected its vision, finding that it could achieve about 70% visual field overlap through morphological compensation. This allowed it to be a successful active predator despite having orbits not favorably positioned for 3D vision.
Researchers found that physical activity can prevent cancer recurrence in stage III colon cancer patients by lowering the recurrence rate within the first year of treatment. This association persisted for approximately three years after surgery, suggesting a long-term survival benefit.
A new study found that exotic pet owners are concerned about species conservation and prefer captive-bred exotic pets. The survey of over 300 keepers across 33 countries revealed that relational motivations, such as caring about the species, outweighed aesthetic or morphological traits.
A novel lensless radiomicroscope has been developed for nuclear medicine imaging, offering high-resolution images of cells with a field of view over 500 times larger than current technology. The instrument is made from off-the-shelf parts and costs less than $100, making it accessible to more labs.
Alpha-gal syndrome is an allergy caused by lone star tick bites, leading to symptoms like stomach pain, diarrhea, and nausea. Patients with suspected alpha-gal should undergo a blood test to check for immunoglobulin E antibodies, and the main treatment is avoiding foods containing alpha-gal.
Researchers at ct.qmat created ferromagnetic topological insulator MnBi6Te10 with stronger magnetic field than its antiferromagnetic predecessor. The material's surface exhibits ferromagnetic properties, enabling lossless current conduction.
Research from the University of Minnesota Medical School found weight stigmatizing experiences are common among adolescents and associated with higher prevalence of disordered eating behaviors. Positive family and parenting factors can help alleviate this stressor but cannot completely protect young people from negative effects.
A recent study found that certain microbial metabolites are associated with liver fat content in individuals with fatty liver disease. The researchers identified degradation products of amino acids and differences in testosterone levels as potential biomarkers.
A University of Cambridge analysis identified 98% of reports from trials evaluating new school-based physical exercise programs as lacking key details about teacher training. The study urged journal editors to update their submission guidelines to encourage better reporting, with seven journals already altered their guidance.
A recent study by the University of Gothenburg found that public acceptance of fossil fuel subsidy removal could be improved in developing countries if the revenue is invested in social and economic development. The researchers analyzed attitudes towards removing subsidies on fossil fuels in five developing countries, including Ecuador...
A team of scientists at Mainz University has developed a method to efficiently compute a new class of Feynman integrals associated with Calabi–Yau geometries. This allows for high-precision theoretical predictions of particle interactions and better understanding of their mathematical structure.
Researchers have created a spray-on electronic component using zinc oxide nanocrystals, enabling flexible displays and devices. The material is versatile, biocompatible, and abundant, making it suitable for various applications in electronics, energy, sensing technologies, and more.
Cooperative transitions occur when molecules shift their structure in synchrony, like a row of dominoes flowing seamlessly to the floor. The collaborative method is fast, energy-efficient, and easily reversible, helping living systems operate quickly and efficiently.
Researchers developed an integrated radiative and evaporative chiller (IREC) that can reduce heat inside outdoor storage items by over 9°C, achieving cooling powers of up to 700 W m–2. The technology absorbs heat from the environment through evaporation, making it a sustainable alternative to current cooling methods.
Researchers have identified a highly conserved region of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that could be targeted to boost human antibody responses against any coronavirus. The discovery could aid the development of more powerful antibody drugs and vaccines against COVID-19 and emerging coronaviruses.
CHOP researchers found that adolescents with strong relationships with their parents have improved mental and physical health, lower substance use, and higher relationship satisfaction. The study analyzed data from over 15,000 participants and controlled for various factors.
New research highlights poor level of financial and health support provided by national governments for citizens stranded abroad. The study found alarming rates of depression, anxiety, and homelessness among those separated from family or facing flight cancellations.
Research at KAUST demonstrates that most of the Red Sea is underlain by oceanic crust, overturning the assumption that it's an extended rift basin. The team mapped the transition from a rift to seafloor spreading and found approximately two-thirds of the Red Sea is currently covered by oceanic crust.
A study of 608,000 obstetric discharges found postpartum emergency department visits were more common among Black and Hispanic patients at safety net hospitals. These disparities support the need to address structural racism in maternal health care.
Researchers from China and Singapore study the radiative properties of polyamide-12, a common marine microplastic pollutant. They found that most of the incident radiation is scattered by PA12 particles, affecting ocean light transmission and marine ecology.
A trial by researchers at Duke-NUS Medical School found that the Nutri-Grade system encourages consumers to purchase beverages with lower sugar content, especially those with chronic conditions. The study showed a significant increase in purchases of A-rated drinks with 1.5g less sugar per serving.
A new study from the University of Illinois finds that local enforcement of manure management regulations can effectively reduce nutrient concentrations in rivers and lakes. The study focuses on Wisconsin's unique approach, which allows counties to participate in enforcement without state approval.
Researchers at the University of Missouri are acquiring a new transmission electron microscope (TEM) with a $800,000 grant from the National Science Foundation. The TEM will allow them to conduct experiments in real-time and gain a greater understanding of material structure at an atomic level.
A new scoring system assesses pig welfare through a range of measurements, including health problems and environmental interactions. The system enables comparison across different types of pig farming and informs decisions about farm sustainability.
The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) has selected six papers for the 2022 Cozzarelli Prize, recognizing outstanding contributions to scientific disciplines. The awardees include researchers who studied ancient chemistry, Sox8's role in ear development, and soft intelligent autonomous robots.
Researchers at USTC and Stanford University propose a novel approach to determine crustal stress from fluid flow signatures in deep boreholes. The method uses binary classification and image logs to efficiently estimate the stress state, which is comparable to conventional methods.
A new study found that artificial light at night increases top-down pressure on caterpillars, leading to higher mortality rates. The research used clay models of caterpillars to demonstrate the impact of light on predators in a forest ecosystem.
A pilot study found that patients who listened to their favorite music experienced reduced nausea severity and distress. Music was believed to affect serotonin levels, a neurotransmitter associated with chemotherapy-induced nausea, in a way that could complement medication.
Researchers discovered brain speed doubles between 4 and 40 years old, with frontal lobe development outpacing movement areas. The study provides important data for creating realistic computer models of the brain.
Researchers at Queensland University of Technology (QUT) have built and tested a full-scale bushfire safe room that demonstrates excellent heat resistance. The results suggest the shelter could keep people alive for up to two hours in extreme conditions, but further testing is needed to confirm human survivability.
A study of 31 million births in US states with and without 20-week abortion bans found a significant increase in Down syndrome diagnoses in the former. The study suggests that these bans may have influenced women's reproductive choices, leading to higher diagnosis rates.
Researchers developed a non-invasive screening method for type 2 diabetes by sniffing urinary acetone, with an accuracy of 81.3%. The method was established using proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry and showed results similar to clinical diagnostic methods.
A recent study found that malaria control programs in Amazonian Peru reduced the disease by 78% but saw a rebound when funding was cut, driven by climate change. Climate change has exacerbated malaria transmission, with rising temperatures and intense rainfalls contributing to the resurgence of the mosquito-borne disease.
A team of scientists identified a critical transcription factor, ANAC013, that plays a key role in the early response to hypoxia in plants. The discovery sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying plant adaptation to low oxygen conditions.
Researchers have made the first accurate image of the proton using neutrinos instead of light as the probe in the MINERvA experiment. The study provides measurements of the proton's structure with unbound protons, helping to build more complete theories of neutrino interactions.
A real-world analysis found that high-risk Americans who fail to reach guideline-recommended LDL-C levels experience a 44% higher rate of cardiovascular events. The study, presented at the AMCP Conference, used data from over 300 million Americans and compared those who met and maintained recommended targets with those who did not.
A study by Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology found that daylight-saving time can reduce cooling energy by up to 6%, while increasing heating demand by 4.4%. This overall effect contributes to climate protection and highlights the importance of considering office building energy balances.
An international team has discovered how electrons can move rapidly on a quantum surface driven by external forces, visualizing the motion of electrons on liquid helium for the first time. The research revealed unusual oscillations with varying frequencies and a combination of quantum and classical dynamics.
Adolescents with positive parent-adolescent relationships exhibit favorable outcomes in young adulthood, including better physical and mental health. Investing in improving these relationships may have substantial benefits for the young adult population's overall health.