An international team developed a novel method for evaluating AI interpretability methods to decipher the basis of AI reasoning and possible biases. The approach helps users understand what influences AI results and whether they can be trusted, especially in medical applications where AI-powered decisions can impact health and lives.
The research demonstrates that low concentration ether-based electrolyte can successfully endure the long-term high voltage operation of practical LMB. The findings show that regulating solvation structure and adjusting surficial electric double layer can prevent degradation and improve performance.
Researchers from Kessler Foundation found that transcutaneous spinal stimulation does not interfere with implanted intrathecal baclofen pump delivery systems. However, communication between the pump and its interrogator may be briefly affected due to electromagnetic interference.
A recent study found that adolescents living in areas with healthier built environments are less likely to be obese and have healthier eating habits. The study suggests that strategies for addressing childhood obesity should focus on improving built environments.
Researchers are conducting a six-year study to explore epistemic injustices in healthcare, which occur when patients' testimonies and perspectives are ignored or dismissed. The project aims to find ways to correct these injustices and improve the relationship between patients and healthcare practitioners.
A new surgical therapy has proven effective in treating melanoma in the eye that has spread to the liver, with 40% of patients experiencing tumor shrinkage, and offers a promising alternative to current treatments.
A recent survey experiment by Regina Bateson reveals that people with pandemic employment gaps are perceived more negatively than those who remained employed. This stigma could have long-term social and economic consequences for individuals who lost their jobs during the pandemic.
A new study found that girls born to obese mothers are at higher risk of developing obesity or overweight, with similar BMI and fat mass to their mothers. The association was not seen in boys or daughters from non-obese fathers.
A recent study found that graduate engineering identity and advisor-peer relationships play a crucial role in predicting degree completion intention. The research, conducted across 98 universities, reveals that strengthening these connections can lead to increased retention rates and improved support for neurodivergent students.
Researchers have discovered a novel medication that effectively treats a rare hereditary muscle disease causing complete immobility and death. The treatment has also shown promise in treating severe statin-associated myopathy, with improved symptoms in patients awaiting treatment.
A new study published in the European Heart Journal shows that using waist-to-height ratio instead of BMI provides a clearer picture of patient outcomes in heart failure. The researchers found that greater adiposity is associated with worse outcomes, including high rates of hospitalization and reduced health-related quality of life.
Researchers found that hematopoietic stem cells use aggrephagy to collect and destroy misfolded proteins, a process that is critical for maintaining stem cell fitness and longevity. Boosting this pathway could help preserve stem cell health and mitigate blood and immune disorders.
Researchers found that women with multiple sclerosis were more likely to report sleep disorders, including obstructive sleep apnea, insomnia, and sleepiness. Insomnia mediated more than 10% of the cognitive problems reported by women with MS, while sleep apnea accounted for 34%.
Scientists have calculated that the Amundsen Sea Embayment in West Antarctica has lost over 3,000 billion tonnes of ice over a 25-year period. The ice loss is attributed to extreme snowfall events and changes in ocean temperature and currents, contributing up to nine millimetres to global sea levels.
Scientists studied how the marsupial sabertooth's wide-set eyes and large canines affected its vision, finding that it could achieve about 70% visual field overlap through morphological compensation. This allowed it to be a successful active predator despite having orbits not favorably positioned for 3D vision.
Researchers found that physical activity can prevent cancer recurrence in stage III colon cancer patients by lowering the recurrence rate within the first year of treatment. This association persisted for approximately three years after surgery, suggesting a long-term survival benefit.
A new study found that exotic pet owners are concerned about species conservation and prefer captive-bred exotic pets. The survey of over 300 keepers across 33 countries revealed that relational motivations, such as caring about the species, outweighed aesthetic or morphological traits.
A novel lensless radiomicroscope has been developed for nuclear medicine imaging, offering high-resolution images of cells with a field of view over 500 times larger than current technology. The instrument is made from off-the-shelf parts and costs less than $100, making it accessible to more labs.
Alpha-gal syndrome is an allergy caused by lone star tick bites, leading to symptoms like stomach pain, diarrhea, and nausea. Patients with suspected alpha-gal should undergo a blood test to check for immunoglobulin E antibodies, and the main treatment is avoiding foods containing alpha-gal.
Researchers at ct.qmat created ferromagnetic topological insulator MnBi6Te10 with stronger magnetic field than its antiferromagnetic predecessor. The material's surface exhibits ferromagnetic properties, enabling lossless current conduction.
Research from the University of Minnesota Medical School found weight stigmatizing experiences are common among adolescents and associated with higher prevalence of disordered eating behaviors. Positive family and parenting factors can help alleviate this stressor but cannot completely protect young people from negative effects.
A recent study found that certain microbial metabolites are associated with liver fat content in individuals with fatty liver disease. The researchers identified degradation products of amino acids and differences in testosterone levels as potential biomarkers.
A University of Cambridge analysis identified 98% of reports from trials evaluating new school-based physical exercise programs as lacking key details about teacher training. The study urged journal editors to update their submission guidelines to encourage better reporting, with seven journals already altered their guidance.
A recent study by the University of Gothenburg found that public acceptance of fossil fuel subsidy removal could be improved in developing countries if the revenue is invested in social and economic development. The researchers analyzed attitudes towards removing subsidies on fossil fuels in five developing countries, including Ecuador...
A team of scientists at Mainz University has developed a method to efficiently compute a new class of Feynman integrals associated with Calabi–Yau geometries. This allows for high-precision theoretical predictions of particle interactions and better understanding of their mathematical structure.
Researchers have created a spray-on electronic component using zinc oxide nanocrystals, enabling flexible displays and devices. The material is versatile, biocompatible, and abundant, making it suitable for various applications in electronics, energy, sensing technologies, and more.
Cooperative transitions occur when molecules shift their structure in synchrony, like a row of dominoes flowing seamlessly to the floor. The collaborative method is fast, energy-efficient, and easily reversible, helping living systems operate quickly and efficiently.
Researchers developed an integrated radiative and evaporative chiller (IREC) that can reduce heat inside outdoor storage items by over 9°C, achieving cooling powers of up to 700 W m–2. The technology absorbs heat from the environment through evaporation, making it a sustainable alternative to current cooling methods.
Researchers have identified a highly conserved region of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that could be targeted to boost human antibody responses against any coronavirus. The discovery could aid the development of more powerful antibody drugs and vaccines against COVID-19 and emerging coronaviruses.
CHOP researchers found that adolescents with strong relationships with their parents have improved mental and physical health, lower substance use, and higher relationship satisfaction. The study analyzed data from over 15,000 participants and controlled for various factors.
New research highlights poor level of financial and health support provided by national governments for citizens stranded abroad. The study found alarming rates of depression, anxiety, and homelessness among those separated from family or facing flight cancellations.
Research at KAUST demonstrates that most of the Red Sea is underlain by oceanic crust, overturning the assumption that it's an extended rift basin. The team mapped the transition from a rift to seafloor spreading and found approximately two-thirds of the Red Sea is currently covered by oceanic crust.
A study of 608,000 obstetric discharges found postpartum emergency department visits were more common among Black and Hispanic patients at safety net hospitals. These disparities support the need to address structural racism in maternal health care.
Researchers from China and Singapore study the radiative properties of polyamide-12, a common marine microplastic pollutant. They found that most of the incident radiation is scattered by PA12 particles, affecting ocean light transmission and marine ecology.
A trial by researchers at Duke-NUS Medical School found that the Nutri-Grade system encourages consumers to purchase beverages with lower sugar content, especially those with chronic conditions. The study showed a significant increase in purchases of A-rated drinks with 1.5g less sugar per serving.
A new study from the University of Illinois finds that local enforcement of manure management regulations can effectively reduce nutrient concentrations in rivers and lakes. The study focuses on Wisconsin's unique approach, which allows counties to participate in enforcement without state approval.
Researchers at the University of Missouri are acquiring a new transmission electron microscope (TEM) with a $800,000 grant from the National Science Foundation. The TEM will allow them to conduct experiments in real-time and gain a greater understanding of material structure at an atomic level.
A new scoring system assesses pig welfare through a range of measurements, including health problems and environmental interactions. The system enables comparison across different types of pig farming and informs decisions about farm sustainability.
The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) has selected six papers for the 2022 Cozzarelli Prize, recognizing outstanding contributions to scientific disciplines. The awardees include researchers who studied ancient chemistry, Sox8's role in ear development, and soft intelligent autonomous robots.
Researchers at USTC and Stanford University propose a novel approach to determine crustal stress from fluid flow signatures in deep boreholes. The method uses binary classification and image logs to efficiently estimate the stress state, which is comparable to conventional methods.
A new study found that artificial light at night increases top-down pressure on caterpillars, leading to higher mortality rates. The research used clay models of caterpillars to demonstrate the impact of light on predators in a forest ecosystem.
A pilot study found that patients who listened to their favorite music experienced reduced nausea severity and distress. Music was believed to affect serotonin levels, a neurotransmitter associated with chemotherapy-induced nausea, in a way that could complement medication.
Researchers discovered brain speed doubles between 4 and 40 years old, with frontal lobe development outpacing movement areas. The study provides important data for creating realistic computer models of the brain.
Researchers at Queensland University of Technology (QUT) have built and tested a full-scale bushfire safe room that demonstrates excellent heat resistance. The results suggest the shelter could keep people alive for up to two hours in extreme conditions, but further testing is needed to confirm human survivability.
A study of 31 million births in US states with and without 20-week abortion bans found a significant increase in Down syndrome diagnoses in the former. The study suggests that these bans may have influenced women's reproductive choices, leading to higher diagnosis rates.
Researchers developed a non-invasive screening method for type 2 diabetes by sniffing urinary acetone, with an accuracy of 81.3%. The method was established using proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry and showed results similar to clinical diagnostic methods.
A recent study found that malaria control programs in Amazonian Peru reduced the disease by 78% but saw a rebound when funding was cut, driven by climate change. Climate change has exacerbated malaria transmission, with rising temperatures and intense rainfalls contributing to the resurgence of the mosquito-borne disease.
A team of scientists identified a critical transcription factor, ANAC013, that plays a key role in the early response to hypoxia in plants. The discovery sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying plant adaptation to low oxygen conditions.
Researchers have made the first accurate image of the proton using neutrinos instead of light as the probe in the MINERvA experiment. The study provides measurements of the proton's structure with unbound protons, helping to build more complete theories of neutrino interactions.
A real-world analysis found that high-risk Americans who fail to reach guideline-recommended LDL-C levels experience a 44% higher rate of cardiovascular events. The study, presented at the AMCP Conference, used data from over 300 million Americans and compared those who met and maintained recommended targets with those who did not.
A study by Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology found that daylight-saving time can reduce cooling energy by up to 6%, while increasing heating demand by 4.4%. This overall effect contributes to climate protection and highlights the importance of considering office building energy balances.
An international team has discovered how electrons can move rapidly on a quantum surface driven by external forces, visualizing the motion of electrons on liquid helium for the first time. The research revealed unusual oscillations with varying frequencies and a combination of quantum and classical dynamics.
Adolescents with positive parent-adolescent relationships exhibit favorable outcomes in young adulthood, including better physical and mental health. Investing in improving these relationships may have substantial benefits for the young adult population's overall health.
Scientists developed a modeling technique to study urban traffic flows and verified it with real-world data from Shanghai. They discovered that Zhonghuan Road is a potential bottleneck that could lead to cascading failure of the entire urban traffic system.
Researchers at the University of Missouri found that adaptive clothing customers face challenges with website usability, limited design and functionality, and sizing issues. The study provides guidelines for retailers to design products that cater to people with disabilities, promoting confidence and workplace wearability.
Researchers at Lund University discovered a novel mechanism linking RNA splicing to the development of leukemia in myelodysplastic syndrome patients. The study highlights the critical role of core spliceosome component SF3B1 and its regulation by N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, which provides a
Richard McIndoe is leading a national research initiative to advance understanding of diabetes and obesity through the National Centers for Metabolic Phenotyping in Live Models of Obesity and Diabetes (MPMOD). The MPMOD initiative provides access to advanced testing services, including bariatric surgery on mice, to enable new insights ...
Scientists have detected uracil and nicotinic acid in asteroid Ryugu samples collected by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. The discovery suggests that important building blocks for life were created in space and delivered to Earth via meteorites, supporting current theories on the source of nucleobases.
Young children with autism spectrum disorder are less likely to undergo vision screening than their peers, despite a high risk of developing serious eye disorders. A recent study found that only 36.5% of children with ASD had completed vision screenings at well visits, compared to 59.5% for children without ASD.
A study published in Nature Immunology found that antibodies from previously infected patients can neutralize variants of the COVID-19 disease, including the Omicron variant. These broadly neutralizing antibodies have unique biochemical and structural features that enable them to block the virus from entering human cells.
Scientists create nanomaterial that mimics photosynthesis to produce syngas from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight. This innovation has potential for large-scale chemical industry applications and could lead to sustainable battery production.
A new LSU Health New Orleans study suggests that single, focused Interprofessional Education-based exercises can significantly decrease stigma associated with alcohol use and improve knowledge and confidence in screening for Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). The exercise led to substantial improvements in student understanding of AUD risks, ...
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have developed a new type of metamaterial concrete that can be designed to have specific attributes like brittleness, flexibility, and shapeability. This material can generate electricity and can also be used to monitor damage inside concrete structures or earthquakes, reducing their impact o...
QUT researchers have solved a long-held geological conundrum about how diamonds formed in the deep roots of the earth's ancient continents. The study used computer modeling on an ancient rock sample to determine that diamonds are rare today and were always rare, challenging the existing explanation.
The study found substantial drop in laboratory radiation, with most cases producing undetectable radiation exposure to cardiology staff. The new radiation protection system reduces overall room radiation and eliminates head and face exposure, promoting workplace safety.
Researchers found that anatomical variations in a speaker's vocal tract affect speech production, with factors such as horizontal and vertical length, head inclination, and hard palate shape influencing vowel frequencies. The study suggests that understanding anatomy is crucial for producing speech.
Researchers at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln have experimentally confirmed that nitrate can transport naturally occurring uranium from underground to groundwater. The study found that adding nitrate to water increased the amount of uranium carried away, implicating both nitrate and microorganisms in mobilizing the uranium.
A protein called PI3K plays a crucial role in immune cell function, and genetic variations disrupting its signalling have been identified as the root cause of two immunodeficiency disorders. The study reveals how minor disruptions in immune cell signalling can lead to immune deficiency or dysfunction.
Researchers used artificial intelligence to analyze electrocardiogram results from 1.6 million patients, predicting mortality risk with 85% accuracy. The study aims to improve individual care and create a learning health-care system that feeds data back into the healthcare system.
Researchers have discovered halide electrolytes with relatively wide electrochemical stability windows and good compatibility with cathodes. These findings provide a new strategy for designing solid-state batteries using lithium halide solid electrolytes.
A new study finds that supernovae have a persistent influence on marine life's biodiversity, with variations in nearby exploding stars closely following changes in marine genera. Supernovae may regulate climate through cosmic rays, influencing nutrient transport and primary bioproductivity.
A new study maps the pathways leading to childhood obesity, highlighting the need for comprehensive solutions beyond diet and exercise. Factors such as socio-economic status, parental education, and social disadvantage play a significant role in determining a child's risk of developing obesity.
Researchers have pushed single-atom vibrational spectroscopy to the level of chemical bonds, enabling precise measurements of point defects in graphene. The study found unique vibrational modes for two types of silicon point defects, with stronger signals for one defect configuration.
Researchers have identified 238 genes that regulate Alzheimer's disease, including Surf4, which contributes to the disease by altering the regulation of calcium within the cell. The study found that most of these genes are involved in mitochondrial activity, protein translation and intracellular calcium regulation.
A study published in the Journal of Experimental Child Psychology found that Russian-speaking readers, including both children and adults, rely on orthographic information during parafoveal pre-processing. The participants were able to recognize words with incorrect letter order more easily than those with pseudohomophones.
The VALOR-QI program will provide a blueprint for quality care improvement, focusing on high-risk patients and addressing health equity gaps. It will offer education, staff training, monitoring, and other steps to achieve better compliance with cholesterol management.
Researchers identified over 1,000 genes with age-related methylation changes in human sperm. These changes are associated with increased offspring disease susceptibility for neurodevelopmental disorders. The study found no correlation between paternal BMI or semen quality and age-related methylation changes.
Researchers have identified a molecule called NLRP10 as an intracellular 'smoke detector' that warns of mitochondrial damage. This detection triggers a process that eliminates damaged cells, preventing chronic inflammation and tissue damage. The discovery could lead to new therapies for skin and intestinal diseases.
Supervised exercise training is safe and may improve exercise capacity and quality of life for people with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Exercise therapy has been shown to be more effective in improving quality of life compared to medications for this condition.
Researchers discovered over 500 non-canonical protein-derived peptides that could be recognized by T-cells, but found no spontaneous immune response. Three novel T-cell receptors were identified for specific non-canonical HLA-I tumor ligands with promising tumor specificity.
A new database has been launched to provide accurate and consistent data on minority-serving institutions (MSIs) in the US. The MSI Data Project offers dashboards with data on institutional characteristics, enrollment, and graduation metrics for MSIs from 2017-2021.
Researchers developed a small-molecule drug that limits magnesium transport into cellular power plants, resulting in skinny, healthy mice. The findings hold significant implications for preventing cardiometabolic diseases like heart attack and stroke, as well as reducing liver cancer risk.
Researchers at Pusan National University have created a portable molecular sensor that detects biogenic amines released from spoiled food using polydiacetylene-based beads. The sensor, which changes color to red upon binding with BAs, can be used for rapid visual detection of spoiled food during storage and distribution.
Physicists discover correspondence between dense states of gluons and enormous black holes, both characterized by self-interacting force carrier particles. The study reveals universal limits on entropy and information content in these systems.
A new study found that women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations who are obese may experience higher rates of DNA damage in their breast tissue, which could contribute to breast cancer development. The researchers suggest that weight management and medications like metformin may be important for preventive care.
Researchers create a 3D-printing system to construct cheesecake from edible food inks, enabling customizable foods with improved nutrient content. The technology could address issues with low-nutrient processed foods, making it appealing for individuals with dietary restrictions and those requiring personalized nutrition.
A new study published in PLOS Medicine found a similar association of progestogen-only and combined hormonal contraceptives with breast cancer risk. The analysis of almost 10,000 women under 50 years old showed a 20-30% relative increase in breast cancer risk associated with both types of contraceptives.
Researchers have shed light on the molecular mechanisms allowing beetles to absorb water rectally, a property enabling them to survive in extremely dry environments. This knowledge could be used to develop more targeted and eco-friendly methods to combat beetle species that destroy food production.
Researchers developed an AI tool called SILIC to identify 169 species, including 137 birds, from bird sounds in Yushan National Park. The dataset provides detailed acoustic activity patterns of wildlife across short and long temporal scales.
A study published in Nature Communications reveals that microbes living on the leaves of perennial crops like miscanthus and switchgrass play a crucial role in plant resilience. The research identifies specific microbial functions that could be targeted for future management, promoting crop growth and reducing environmental impact.
Researchers from Osaka University have improved the Faradaic efficiency of nitrogen reduction into ammonia at ambient pressure using trace water. This work helps optimize the sustainability of the Haber-Bosch reaction, which contributes substantially to global carbon emissions.
A study found that healthy adult men with vaginal sex have a unique bacterial community in their urethra, with a core community supporting health and a secondary group more commonly found in the vagina. Vaginal sex has lasting effects, reshaping the male urinary-tract microbiome and increasing bacterial variation.
A new nano-barrier coating has been developed to protect ultra-lightweight carbon composite materials from radiation damage and electrostatic resistance. The innovative coating adds a layer of protection, reducing the need for heavy shielding materials and maintaining stability in space.
University of Ottawa researchers Ezgi Pulatsu and Chibuike Udenigwe identified crucial factors impacting the print quality and shape complexity of edible materials produced by additive manufacturing. By optimizing these features, food quality can be improved, control increased, and printing speed enhanced.
Astronomers have discovered a galaxy with a unique activity in its core, leading to a reclassification as a giant radio galaxy. The PBC J2333.9-2343 galaxy has a blazar at its center with jets that changed direction drastically by up to 90 degrees.
Researchers have created wearable microscopes to produce high-definition, real-time images of mouse spinal cord activity across previously inaccessible regions. This technology enables unprecedented insight into the neural basis of sensations and movement in healthy and disease contexts.
The ESO VLT observed the aftermath of the DART impact, showing that the ejected cloud was bluer than the asteroid itself, indicating fine particles. The team found no signs of ice or DART spacecraft propellant, but detected changes in light polarization suggesting altered surface composition.
Researchers from the University of Illinois have developed a new theory that explains how convection occurs inside reactive porous media, shedding light on mass and heat transfer principles. The theory introduces a spectral Sherwood number and extends Newton's law of cooling for convection heat transfer to transient conditions.
The Minderoo-Monaco Commission on Plastics and Human Health issues a sweeping new report highlighting the far-reaching health hazards of plastics across their life cycle. The report examines the economic, health, environmental, and social costs associated with plastics from extraction to end states.
A new study has found that the growing period of hardwood forests in eastern North America has increased by an average of one month over the past century as temperatures have steadily risen. The research used data from Ohio farmer Thomas Mikesell's comprehensive dataset and compared it to present-day observations, revealing a clear con...
Researchers at Western University discovered that Staphylococcus aureus bacteria enhances SARS-CoV-2 replication by 10- to 15-fold. This finding could inform the development of new therapeutic approaches for COVID-19 patients with bacterial co-infections.
The new technology enables compact, low-power, fast, and energy-efficient devices for fibre-optical communications, sensors, and future quantum computers. This breakthrough could lead to advancements in applications such as 3D imaging for autonomous vehicles and photonic-assisted computing.
A recent NC State University study examines the relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and law enforcement. The study reveals that law enforcement agencies must be involved in developing public policies regarding AI technologies, such as autonomous vehicles. Key findings also suggest that many officers lack understanding of ...
A team of NYU Abu Dhabi researchers analyzed 1 million papers to reveal disparities in editorial boards, review times, and citation rates for non-white scientists. Non-white editors are underrepresented, with Black researchers facing the longest review times and lowest citation rates.
The Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Health System have received a seven-year, $30 million grant from the National Institutes of Health to continue supporting the Harold and Muriel Block Institute for Clinical and Translational Research. The grant will advance translational science and health equity by accelerating th...
Researchers developed a new particle resuspension prediction model based on quasi-static moment equilibrium, which considers flow characteristics, particle morphology, and rough wall surface. The model is more accurate than classical models and can be applied to traceability analysis of pollutants.