The Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) has developed a reading comprehension education AI technology that allows learners to study foreign languages by talking to an artificial intelligence (AI) tutor. The AI tutor provides personalized feedback on pronunciation, listening, and text understanding.
Researchers report that more than 85% of world's bird, mammal, and amphibian species live in mountains, but these forests are vanishing at a faster pace. Globally, we've lost 78.1 million hectares of mountain forest since 2000, mainly in tropical biodiversity hotspots.
Researchers have discovered molecular fingerprints in fossils that could help identify unknown organisms, including a tubular 'nematophyte' with algal and fungal characteristics. The study uses non-destructive imaging and machine learning to analyze the fossils, providing new insights into early life on Earth.
A new Japanese 'ladies tresses' orchid, Spiranthes hachijoensis, has been found in private gardens and on balconies. The discovery suggests that other new species may be hidden in common environments, eliminating the need for remote tropical rainforest expeditions.
Researchers have identified a key gene, bHLH121, that allows plants to efficiently use energy, enabling them to grow more roots and capture more water and nutrients. This discovery holds promise for breeding crops that can withstand climate change-induced droughts and low-nitrogen soil conditions.
University of Arizona engineers create a communication network allowing robots to explore subsurface environments independently, deploying miniaturized sensors as they traverse caves. The 'breadcrumb-style' system enables swarms of individual robots to navigate convoluted environments without losing contact.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center identified the nervous system as a key player in anaphylaxis reactions, which cause sudden drops in body temperature and blood pressure. The study suggests new targets for therapies to prevent or treat severe allergic shock.
Researchers at the Salk Institute discovered that combining two therapeutic drugs, entinostat and trametinib, can significantly reduce tumor volume and number in mice with LKB1-mutated non-small cell lung cancer. The findings could lead to clinical trials in humans and potentially transform treatment for cancers beyond NSCLC.
A community-engaged approach to research prioritizes the concerns of participating communities, leading to a better reflection of community needs and issues. By incorporating CBPR, researchers can minimize biases and increase public trust in science.
A new study found that dual-task walking performance starts to decline by the age of 55, indicating accelerated brain aging. Researchers assessed a cohort of 640 participants and observed non-linear associations between age and dual-task performance.
A Duke University research team has identified a set of biomarkers that could help distinguish between cysts on the pancreas that are likely to develop into cancer and those that will remain benign. The findings have significant implications for preventing the development of pancreatic cancer, which is on the rise and is notorious for ...
A new study by researchers at the University of Liège reveals that monocytes, blood immune cells, have the ability to proliferate and generate macrophages to replace damaged or missing immune cells. This discovery challenges current knowledge of cell proliferation and has implications for understanding various diseases, including cancer.
A new study presents the field's top 100 most pressing questions for research to address challenges facing humanity. These questions cover topics such as genetically modified organisms, plant-based fuels, and growing plants in space to support human life.
Researchers developed a novel machine-learning algorithm that analyzes a person's entire transcriptome to create an 'atlas' of pediatric cancer. The platform refines cancer diagnoses for 85% of pediatric cancer patients, identifying 455 subtypes of cancer and revealing subtle differences within subtypes.
Researchers from the University of Liège found that mountain rivers in the Andes have higher emissions of CO2 and CH4 than lowland rivers. These high-emitting rivers account for 35% of CO2 and 72% of CH4 emissions in the Amazon basin, making them hot spots for greenhouse gas emissions.
Researchers at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology propose the existence of pre-solid-solid transition, a surface layer on crystals that facilitates phase transitions. The newly formed layer has been confirmed through experiment and computer simulation, with promising applications in material science.
Lithium dendrites grow in solid-state batteries after charging and discharging cycles, leading to internal short circuits. Researchers have investigated the starting point of this process using microscopy methods, finding that grain boundaries play a crucial role.
Researchers developed the first wearable sensor for monitoring muscle atrophy, a condition typically caused by degenerative disease or aging. The sensor can measure small-scale volume changes in overall limb size and monitor muscle loss of up to 51%. This technology has the potential to create less burden on patients and improve treatm...
Researchers used a 3D radar scan to reveal that Malaspina Glacier is undercut by channels, making it more vulnerable to melting and potentially contributing significantly to global sea level rise. The glacier's bulk sits below sea level, and its coastal barrier erodes, allowing ocean water to access the glacier and accelerate its retreat.
The Center for Bioenergy Innovation has been renewed with $590 million in funding over five years to develop sustainable jet fuel from nonfood biomass crops and specialty processes. The center aims to reach Tier 1 validation of its jet biofuel, reducing carbon dioxide emissions from commercial aircraft.
Researchers have discovered how TKI cancer drugs cause inflammation, linking it to mitochondrial dysfunction and the NLRP3 inflammasome. The study found that all tested TKIs share a common off-target activity against mitochondrial SFKs.
Researchers will develop new technology and tools to improve climate factor measurement by observing atoms in outer space. The team's goal is to enable unprecedented science measurements, such as sea level rise and ice melt rates.
A new minimally invasive test using dried blood spots (DBS) has been shown to effectively assess cure after treatment and differentiate between reinfection and treatment failure. The results support the viability of decentralizing treatment for people who inject drugs, who often face challenges accessing healthcare.
The Atmospheric Waves Experiment, led by USU's Space Dynamics Laboratory and College of Science, will provide unprecedented images of Earth's gravity waves from space. The mission aims to improve satellite communications forecasting and enable contingency planning for space weather events.
The institute aims to shorten the cycle required to design, manufacture, and test parts that can withstand space travel conditions. It will develop detailed computer models of additively manufactured parts using digital twins.
Researchers found that peer support specialists with a shared life experience were most valued for providing emotional and housing/employment support, helping inmates recover from opioid use disorder. Participants appreciated the empathetic and trustworthy relationships established with their peer navigators.
Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations are expected to increase mangrove's ability to sequester additional carbon, reducing the rate of greenhouse gas emissions. Long-term field observations and experiments can help better understand the mechanisms behind this phenomenon and predict future changes in mangrove carbon sequestration.
A genomic study of ancient humans on the Tibetan Plateau reveals a single origin for ancient humans, deriving from a northern East Asian population. The study also found distinct genetic patterns in different regions of the plateau, indicating three regional groups with unique historical patterns that began to merge after 2500 BP.
A study of over 270,000 individuals found that sex-specific genetic variants are linked to depression in females, but not males. Researchers discovered 11 areas of DNA associated with depression in females, highlighting the importance of sex-specific treatments for women with depression.
Researchers have found a new solution to combat resistant staphylococcus aureus infections, which can be difficult to treat. Endolysins, a newly developed enzyme, has been shown to kill both resistant and non-resistant staphylococcus aureus without the need for antibiotics.
A new forensic science study investigates the decay of infant and juvenile bones, providing insights into decomposition rates and bone degradation. The research helps forensic scientists estimate the time elapsed since remains were at a location and identify suitable bones for DNA sampling.
A new study from McGill University reveals that every day Canadians are exposed to Bisphenol S (BPS) in fresh foods due to chemical migration from packaging materials. High concentrations of BPS were found on thermal food labels, exceeding the European Union's regulatory limit.
Experts advocate for genetic testing to identify MS patients at high risk of developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a devastating side effect from medications. The availability of such testing could allow physicians to use alternative therapies, reducing the risk of PML.
Researchers at NYU Abu Dhabi have discovered a novel method of harvesting water from naturally occurring sources like fog and dew using organic crystals. The findings hold potential for creating new technologies to utilize aerial humidity, which could combat global water scarcity.
Researchers found that DALL-E 2 has learned relevant representations of x-ray images and shows potential for text-to-image generation, but its performance varies with CT, MRI, and ultrasound image prompts. Synthetic data generated by DALL-E 2 could accelerate deep learning tools in radiology and address data sharing concerns.
Researchers at the University of Bonn identified unique features and novel lysosomal proteins in six different cell types, including liver cells and cancer cells. The study provides new insights into cellular waste removal machinery and its role in diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
A new study published in the Journal of Affective Disorders found that exercise was well-tolerated by patients with mental or physical illness and resulted in decreased suicide attempts. The research debunks the myth that these individuals are not motivated to participate in physical exercise regimes.
Researchers have identified a potential breakthrough in improving drug delivery by targeting the third intracellular loop of G protein-coupled receptors. This unique mechanism could enable more precise control over cellular signaling outcomes, leading to far more targeted therapeutics.
Researchers have developed a super-resolution microscope with a spatio-temporal precision of one nanometer per millisecond using the MINFLUX technique. This allows them to observe tiny movements of single proteins, including the stepping motion of kinesin-1 along microtubules while consuming ATP.
Geneticists used Ashaninka DNA to uncover a strong hint of a South-to-North migration that led to the transition from an archaic to ceramic culture in Caribbean islands. The study provides new insights into pre-colonial American history and highlights the importance of microgeographic studies.
New research from Princeton University suggests that fusion energy's viability hinges on economics, not just engineering challenges. The model results indicate that a favorable market can enable fusion to reach 100 GW capacity despite high capital costs, but competing technologies may require lower prices.
A DNA designer drug restored levels of stathmin-2, a protein necessary for motor neurons to function, in both mouse and human studies. This finding could lead to clinical trials to delay paralysis in ALS patients by maintaining stathmin-2 levels.
Researchers found that widespread species tend to increase in occupancy through time, while narrowly distributed species decrease. Habitat protection can mitigate some effects of biodiversity change, particularly for small-ranged species.
Researchers found that humans achieve dynamic balance by taking turns, while monkeys use static strategies that often result in one player losing out over time. Monkeys can learn to coordinate dynamically with human partners but then compete with each other.
A new study by Weill Cornell Medicine investigators found four distinct types of beta cells in the pancreas, with cluster 1 beta cells producing more insulin than others and appearing better able to metabolize sugar. The loss of these high-functioning beta cells may contribute to type 2 diabetes development.
A new study shows that reversing evolutionary changes in fish stocks like cod can be profitable and help conserve natural genetic diversity. With century-long planning horizons, evolutionary decline can be reversed without significantly reducing profits.
Bald eagles in northwestern Washington state have become a boon to dairy farmers due to climate change, deterring pests and removing animal carcasses. The shift in salmon spawning schedule has reduced available carcasses on rivers, forcing eagles to seek alternative food sources from dairy farm by-products.
A new study by the University of East Anglia reveals the struggles faced by trans and non-binary employees in the workplace, including stigma, harassment, and lack of inclusivity. The research emphasizes the need to challenge binary gender norms to create a more welcoming environment.
Researchers at Lancaster University have discovered how energy disappears in quantum turbulence, a crucial step towards mastering this phenomenon and its applications. The study reveals the role of Kelvin waves in transferring energy from macroscopic to microscopic length scales.
A team of researchers at KAUST has developed a biological method to produce size-controlled palladium nanoclusters anchored on the surface of Geobacter sulfurreducens, outperforming benchmark catalysts in water-splitting reactions. This eco-friendly approach could provide a sustainable solution for high-performance catalysis.
A comprehensive global assessment of oxygen loss on coral reefs reveals widespread hypoxia, with over 84% of reefs experiencing 'weak to moderate' hypoxia. The study predicts that ocean warming and deoxygenation will increase the duration, intensity, and severity of hypoxia by 2100.
Scientists investigated whether patients allergic to legumes are also at risk from meat-free proteins made of other legumes. While most people won't experience a reaction, nearly all patients with bean allergies were sensitized to other legumes, and nearly a quarter of patients were sensitized to all legumes.
The University of Arkansas engineering faculty will research ways to improve 3D printing of concrete and indigenous soils for horizontal construction projects. The project aims to develop printing instructions for mobile robots and explore biomimetic structures that can reduce material use while increasing strength.
A KAIST research team has developed an advanced AI-based drug interaction prediction technology that analyzed the interaction between Paxlovid ingredients and other prescription drugs. The study identified potential drug-drug interactions and alternative drugs with low adverse effects, which can aid in developing new treatments.
A team of researchers developed a novel cancer therapeutic combining antibody fragments with molecularly engineered nanoparticles, permanently eradicating gastric cancer in treated mice. The 'hit and run' drug delivery system targets HER2 proteins associated with gastric cancer.
An international panel of scientists has identified 100 important questions facing plant science, highlighting the need for research on climate change, biodiversity loss, and interdisciplinary collaborations. The study provides an excellent introduction to the current state of plant science research and its significance.
An international research team analyzed over 400 Omnitrophota genomes, uncovering details about their biology and behavior. The study found that Omnitrophota are hyperactive with high metabolic rates, possibly as predators or parasites of other microorganisms.
A new analysis reveals China's overseas coal exit was driven by short-term economic considerations, while domestic support is influenced by stakeholder complexity. The findings suggest that environmental cooperation with China requires distinct approaches for international and domestic engagement.
A study published in Nature Communications found no evidence for two alternative stable states in shallow lakes, contradicting the accepted theory. The research team recommends reducing nutrient inputs to ensure ecological equilibrium.
Researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai identified previously unknown genetic causes of three rare diseases: primary lymphedema, thoracic aortic aneurysm disease, and congenital deafness. The study used a computational approach to analyze large genetic datasets from rare disease cohorts.