Researchers from City University of Hong Kong developed a unified colour system based on prime numbers, called C<sub>235</sub>, which can represent various colours more efficiently than existing systems like RGB and CMYK. The new colour system has potential applications in designing energy-saving LCD systems and colourizing DNA codons.
Researchers tracked the lifecycle and function of tingible body macrophages, specialized cells that clean up the immune system's waste, in a significant breakthrough. The study sheds light on autoimmune disorders like lupus by understanding the role of these cells in triggering autoimmunity.
Researchers discovered a new personalized immunotherapy combination that treats aggressive forms of advanced prostate cancer. By blocking PD-1-expressing macrophages and Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation, the therapy significantly improves response rates in PTEN-deficient cancers.
The March issues of The American Journal of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Services focus on major depression treatment advances and suicide risk screening for Indigenous populations. Journalists can access the publications by emailing press@psych.org.
Research reveals obesity increases risk of diabetes and hypertension more significantly in women, with weight loss effective in reducing disease risk. However, merely losing weight is insufficient for reducing dyslipidemia in women, highlighting the need for lifestyle improvement guidance and treatment.
The study confirms the helical coiling of condensed metaphase chromosomes, a concept that has been debated for decades. Researchers used multiple experimental approaches to validate the existence of chromonema coiling in barley and propose a general mechanism for chromosome condensation.
The study resulted in 33 terms that will aid in cider quality communication. Researchers grouped the terms into four categories: rich, fruity, sour, and funky. This lexicon will help producers describe their products with precision and clarity, benefiting both the industry and consumers.
Researchers analyzed chemical isotopes in 1002 skin samples to study the distribution of southern right whales and long-term environmental changes in the Southern Ocean. The study shows that the whales' foraging grounds have shifted, reflecting changing prey distributions, and that climate change has driven recent shifts.
Researchers found that Americans are more receptive to counter-partisan messages than previously thought, and party loyalty does not significantly distort their processing of evidence. The study used a survey of over 5,000 partisans to test the effect of persuasive messaging on their attitudes.
A genomic study of 180 indigenous Africans provides new insights into human history, biology, and population diversity. The research sheds light on the origin of modern humans, African population history, and local adaptation, including traits such as skin color, heart development, and immunity.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology developed a method to predict fall accidents and cognitive illnesses like Alzheimer's disease using radar sensors that track walking patterns. The technology can help healthcare staff make more reliable risk assessments and tailor interventions for improved patient outcomes.
A new study reveals that toothed whales have evolved an air-driven nasal sound production system that operates at different vocal registers. This innovation allows them to produce echolocation calls with remarkable efficiency and access the richest food niches in the deep ocean.
A new study from WashU Medicine identified a possible treatment strategy for poikiloderma with neutropenia, a rare bone marrow failure syndrome. Researchers found that inhibiting an enzyme called PAPD5 can restore normal blood cell formation by stabilizing microRNA molecules.
Researchers aim to capture CO2 from industrial emissions and store it in mineralized form in 3D-printed building materials. The project seeks to significantly reduce the carbon footprint of cement-based construction materials.
A study reports successful nonsurgical correction of congenital ear malformations in infants using a custom-made splint made from paper clips. The best results were achieved when treatment was initiated before six months of age.
Consciousness in animals may be more nuanced than previously thought. Researchers at Ruhr-University Bochum suggest ten dimensions of consciousness that cannot be ranked. Strong indicators include complex perception and episodic memory, while weak indicators are simple sensory processing and categorization abilities.
More than two million Europeans contributed to renewable energy initiatives, installing 7.2-9.9 GW worth of facilities and promoting behavioral change. The collective effort produced enough electricity for 8,500-11,700 kWh per person, covering a typical European household's needs.
A Scripps Research and eMed study found that COVID-19 rebound cases are more common than previously reported, affecting up to 14.2% of Paxlovid-treated patients and 9.3% of untreated patients. Rebound is measured by positive test results or symptom recurrence after initial clearance.
A digital food voucher system in Indonesia has significantly increased the frequency with which poor households receive their full allocation of food, from 24% to 81%. The program's success was achieved by replacing traditional rice-bag delivery with digital card vouchers, allowing recipients to purchase food themselves.
The study confirms mid-Tertiary uplifting of the NE Tibetan plateau, with surface uplift and broad planation in the Hoh Xil and West Qinling regions. Small-scale edge-driven mantle convection is proposed as a mechanism for this process.
A new CABI-led study suggests that biopesticides are more effective and environmentally friendly than chemical pesticides for controlling the fall armyworm. The researchers found that untreated plots showed higher larval density and plant damage, while biopesticide treatments showed lower parasitism rates.
Researchers detected 16 security vulnerabilities in DJI drones, including the ability to change serial numbers, override tracking mechanisms, and crash flying drones mid-air. The DJI Mini 2, Air 2, and Mavic 3 models were found to have four severe flaws.
A study finds that the 'classic triad' of meningitis symptoms - fever, altered mental state, and neck stiffness - are rare in both children and adults. The research highlights the need to improve symptom questioning to reduce treatment delays and improve outcomes for patients with bacterial meningitis.
Researchers found that gut microbes drive the production of regulatory T cells, which act as immune healers that repair muscle injury. These cells were previously thought to be only produced in the gut, but now it's clear they also play a role in healing damaged livers.
The DART mission observed a 33-minute change in the orbit of Dimorphos, indicating that ejecta escaped the system and contributed to the orbital changes. The team will use this data to understand how the entire system's orbit changes over time.
A Boston University-led study found that Black women who reported experiencing interpersonal racism in employment, housing, and police interactions had a 26% higher risk of coronary heart disease. Racism has a real impact on the heart health of Black women, increasing blood pressure and inflammation.
Despite calls to expand outpatient surgery, only a small subset of operations took advantage of this approach during the pandemic. Researchers recommend further studies to explore potential barriers to adoption, particularly for safe procedures performed in an outpatient setting.
TUS researchers develop novel method to create multi-walled CNT wiring on plastic films under ambient conditions, enabling flexible devices and energy conversion devices. The proposed method produces high-quality wires with varying resistance values.
Researchers have found that long-tailed macaques reject inferior rewards more frequently when provided by a human than an automatic feeder, indicating social disappointment. This behavioral pattern is consistent with frustration towards the experimenter's decision, rather than a comparison of rewards with conspecifics.
Researchers identified a type of immune cell called age-associated B cells as key drivers of lupus disease. Targeting these cells in a mouse model reduced disease progression, suggesting a potential new therapy for lupus patients.
Two studies found that adults with high cardiovascular health scores tend to live longer lives free of major chronic diseases. The research highlights the importance of maintaining ideal cardiovascular health to delay onset of age-related diseases, allowing individuals to enjoy life in their years as well as their years in life.
A new AI model developed at the University of British Columbia accurately predicts cancer patient survival using natural language processing to analyze oncologist notes. The model shows over 80% accuracy in predicting six-month, 36-month and 60-month survival rates.
The use of AI is improving diagnostic accuracy for digestive cancers, but challenges in data sharing and standardization hinder its widespread application. Researchers surveyed recent applications of AI to these deadly cancers, finding that AI can automate complex processes and detect patterns not visible to humans.
Primary care physicians recommend screening adolescents and young adults for cyberbullying and social media misuse, citing the need for timely intervention due to underreported incidents. Screening tools like R-OBVQ, CBVS, CABS, and MARC can help identify potential risks.
A POSTECH research team developed a machine learning model that accurately predicts cancer type-specific driver mutations, shedding light on distinct pathological mechanisms across various tumors. The model's performance outperformed current leading methods of detection, with better accuracy and sensitivity.
A study published in AJIC found that EHR-focused interventions reduced unnecessary urine culture orders by 20.9% and 21.6% among patients with indwelling catheters. The interventions included changing the electronic medical record ordering screen to require an indication for the culture.
Active surveillance for managing low-risk prostate cancer is increasing nationally, but wide variation persists across practices and practitioners. The study highlights the need for continued progress to minimize overtreatment and improve the benefit-to-harm ratio of national efforts.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital developed an accurate method for detecting Alzheimer's disease using routinely collected clinical brain images. The AI model detected Alzheimer's disease risk with 90.2% accuracy across five datasets, regardless of age or scanner manufacturer.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have developed a latch control system that enables grasshopping robots to perform efficiently on soft substrates. The team discovered that the latch can not only regulate energy output but also mediate energy transfer between the robot and its environment, leading to improved jump performance.
A UC Irvine-led study found that boreal forest fires in North America and Eurasia released nearly half a gigaton of carbon dioxide in 2021, surpassing annual mean emissions between 2000 and 2020. The increased emissions are linked to climate drivers such as warming temperatures and droughts.
A new study found that walking an additional 500 steps per day was associated with a 14% lower risk of heart disease, stroke or heart failure. This benefit is significant for older adults, as most studies have focused on early-to-midlife adults.
Researchers argue that Earth System Justice is necessary to identify and live within biophysical boundaries. The framework aims to reduce harm to people and nature while ensuring access to resources and minimizing tradeoffs.
A PSU study found that high school students who perceive their math teacher as equitable are more likely to develop a positive math identity. This effect is strongest in racially diverse schools, where students may be more aware of racial biases and stereotypes about math. Equitable teaching can help counteract these biases and promote...
Researchers at Stanford University have developed a novel AI-powered approach to analyzing traumatic brain injury, using artificial intelligence to identify the most accurate model of mechanical stress on the brain. This breakthrough could lead to better understanding of when concussions lead to lasting brain damage and inspire new pro...
The study reveals that nitrogen input stimulates plant primary productivity but decreases microbial activities, while carbon input increases nitrogen fixation and mineralization. This dynamic adjustment of carbon and nitrogen cycles has important implications for modeling ecosystem carbon sequestration under global change.
A Norwegian study found that patients who slept less than six hours or more than nine hours per night were more likely to report infections. Chronic sleep problems also increased the risk of needing antibiotics.
A groundbreaking study found that creating shallow water zones enhances fish populations, while coarse wood bundles have positive effects in selected lakes. The approach has stronger long-term effects than narrow species-focused conservation actions.
Researchers found that patients with greater buildup of fatty plaque deposits in the heart's three largest blood vessels had higher chances of developing serious health issues following surgery. This study suggests using existing chest scans to estimate patients' risk of heart attack or death during major surgeries.
A Swedish study of children's drawings during the COVID-19 pandemic found that young children drew detailed images of illness, death, and cancelled activities. The researchers also discovered a high level of health literacy among the children, showing they understood the virus's characteristics and symptoms.
A detailed and dynamic model of the Earth's surface over the past 100 million years provides a high-resolution understanding of its creation and sediment flow to oceans. The model will help scientists predict future changes and understand ocean chemistry.
A recent study found that resistance training significantly improved muscle strength and reduced inflammation in older adults with sarcopenia. The research, conducted by Brazilian researchers, also showed that physical exercise can improve sleep quality and reduce chronic inflammation.
A new study shows that patients with liver cirrhosis have a lower immune response to COVID-19 vaccines, but this does not affect the vaccines' effectiveness. Age, type of vaccine, and viral hepatitis etiology also play a role in immune responses.
A study published in Brain, Behavior and Immunity found that pregnant women with anxiety have higher levels of cytotoxic T cells and different immune marker activity compared to those without anxiety. This suggests a biological link between anxiety and the immune system during pregnancy and postpartum.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine discovered that human norovirus GII.4 invades gastrointestinal cells via an unexpected mechanism involving interactions between viral and human cell surface proteins. The findings provide insight into the viral infection process and highlight unique pathways for developing effective therapeutics.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic found that a dissolvable plug delivering stem cells can heal single-tract fistulas in patients with Crohn's disease. The treatment has shown durable results with minimal side effects, offering hope for patients with refractory perianal fistulas.
Researchers developed DEtail-seq, a novel technique for meiotic DNA double-strand break (DSB) profiling. The method provides high resolution at or near single nucleotide level, revealing novel features of meiotic DSBs in various species.
A warmer climate is causing bumblebee queens to emerge earlier, potentially disrupting the timing of plant-pollinator interactions. This can lead to reduced biodiversity and lower pollination rates, as some species may not have enough food during their flight period.
Researchers at UPF's Center for Brain and Cognition have made significant contributions to advancing brain-computer interface technology. By analyzing the synchronization of alpha band levels between brain regions, they were able to identify lateralized patterns that can be used to control devices in real-time.
The Coalition for Trust in Health & Science aims to enhance trust in the health system through credible information and evidence-based decision-making. The alliance, comprising 50 member organizations, seeks to address real-world health impacts of misinformation and disinformation.
A study by Le Bonheur Hospital found that high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) treatment for mild to moderate bronchiolitis is associated with longer hospital stays and higher costs. HFNC usage outside intensive care units resulted in increased resource utilization for pediatric bronchiolitis patients.