A neuroimaging study of 8,900 children aged 9-11 reveals sex differences in brain connectivity and cognitive performance. The findings suggest that girls mature faster than boys, which may impact future development of brain developmental trajectory charts.
Researchers at the University of Barcelona developed user-friendly and inexpensive methods to detect drought stress in plants, enabling effective monitoring and management. The study presents a range of accessible techniques that can be applied with basic laboratory equipment.
A team of researchers led by Wes Osburn, Ph.D., has made a breakthrough in developing an amino acid-based alternative curing method for meat and poultry products without adding sodium nitrite. This new technique uses L-arginine to activate the nitric oxide synthase system, generating nitric oxide and residual nitrite naturally.
Seismologists from ANU have documented evidence of a distinct layer inside the Earth's inner core, known as the innermost inner core, which is a solid metallic ball. This discovery provides a new way to probe the Earth's inner core and its centremost region.
A new study will test the efficacy of a new socialization and sex education curriculum on young people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. The randomized controlled trial aims to improve reproductive health access among this marginalized group.
Pathak and Simon are developing a cutting-edge unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and unmanned ground vehicle mmWave wireless networking platform at George Mason University. The platform will enable high-speed wireless connectivity and robust sensing for drones and ground vehicles, with potential applications in civilian and military domains.
Researchers have generated induced pluripotent stem cells from bats, gaining insights into the relationship between bats and viruses. The study may also shed light on bats' remarkable defenses against aging and cancer.
A new analysis of COVID-19 patient data reveals that remdesivir significantly lowers mortality in unvaccinated patients with conventional oxygen support. The study found no evidence of varying treatment effects based on age, comorbidities, or inflammation levels.
A new study explores the complexity of parents' decision-making processes regarding SARS-CoV-2 vaccination for their children. The research highlights the importance of individualized discussions with healthcare providers to help interpret evidence and provide tailored recommendations.
A new study reveals that parents play a crucial role in supporting their adult children through employment transitions, particularly when pursuing education. However, this support is often conditional on social norms and can reinforce existing inequalities.
A recent study found that lipid-lowering therapies reduce major adverse cardiovascular events across diverse ethnic groups and regions. The analysis of 53 trials involving over 329,000 participants revealed consistent risk reductions of up to 45% in certain minority populations.
Researchers have developed a method to transform lignin, a biopolymer found in biomass, into chemically recyclable plastics using light. This breakthrough could advance the circular plastic economy by producing next-generation materials with reduced waste.
Researchers reveal Akt2's role in insulin-regulated metabolism, initiating energy production and nucleic acid synthesis. The study provides new insights into metabolic disorders like diabetes, paving the way for targeted therapeutics.
Researchers at the University of Waterloo used a robot to help students with learning disabilities stay focused, leading to higher completion rates. The study found that students who worked with the robot were generally more engaged with their tasks.
A North Carolina State University study shows that yam seeds wrapped in a biodegradable paper made from banana fibers and cardboard grow larger and more abundantly than those without the paper. The 'wrap-and-plant' method also reduces post-harvest loss by minimizing nematode pest effects.
Researchers found dapivirine levels in breast milk to be very low, posing no safety concerns. The study supports the inclusion of breastfeeding populations in global guidelines for the use of the dapivirine vaginal ring for HIV prevention.
Researchers from Ohio University and the University of Southampton reconstructed the brains and inner ears of two British spinosaurs to gain insight into their interaction with their environment. They found that the olfactory bulbs were not particularly developed and the ear was attuned to low-frequency sounds.
A new zirconia-based catalyst can break down polyolefin plastics into new, useful products, reducing plastic waste and recovering value. The catalyst is made of earth-abundant materials and demonstrates high selectivity and activity.
A new analysis reveals that convalescent plasma can be used to prevent hospitalizations and save lives in COVID-19 patients. Early treatment with high doses of antibodies significantly reduced hospitalization rates by up to 50%. The study provides a roadmap for using convalescent plasma as an effective therapy for future pandemics.
The new technology enables wireless communication and battery-less operation using a custom chip that can be powered by LTE signals. This approach reduces e-waste and increases device lifespan by up to several decades.
Thanhvu Nguyen will receive $510,509 from the National Science Foundation to develop NeuralSAT, a constraint-solving framework for verifying deep neural networks. The project aims to improve DNN verification and scalability, tackling challenges in precision and soundness.
A new model developed by researchers at Columbia University and the University of Mississippi improves the accuracy of gravitational wave analysis by including nonlinear interactions. This enhanced modeling method will help scientists better understand the structure of merging black holes and test Einstein's theory of general relativity.
A new pain management approach for men undergoing urethroplasty reduces the need for strong opioids while maintaining effective pain control. The study found that patients taking tramadol in combination with liposomal bupivacaine had greater reductions in pain compared to those taking oxycodone.
Researchers have identified novel host protease determinants that facilitate SARS-CoV-2 entry, including membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMP) and ADAM families. Inhibiting these proteases may provide a new treatment strategy against the Omicron variant.
A team of researchers has discovered the role of amino acid sequences in regulating ATP production in photosynthetic organisms. The study found that specific domains of the γ subunit of chloroplast F0F1 are involved in redox regulation, crucial for photosynthesis.
Scientists at IISc develop neuromorphic camera that uses machine learning to pinpoint objects smaller than 50 nanometers in size, enabling nanoscale precision in biological processes, chemistry, and physics. The technique combines optical microscopy with the neuromorphic camera and machine learning algorithms.
Researchers have developed 2D ultrathin MOL nanosheets for enhanced catalysis, gas separation, and sensing. Active centers on the surface facilitate interaction with substrate molecules.
A new study by NYU researchers found that infants excel at spotting motivations driving human actions, while state-of-the-art AI models struggle. By comparing infant and machine intelligence on a series of tasks, the researchers shed light on the limitations of current AI systems.
A team of researchers has uncovered the source location of a 'heartbeat-like' radio signal in a C-class solar flare, more than 5,000 kilometers above the Sun's surface. The discovery sheds light on the physical processes behind energy release and dissipation in solar flares.
Researchers created adaptive optical phantoms by combining multiple pigments to mimic target tissue's optical properties, successfully validating them in extensive experiments. The new platform enables broader band spectra for emerging hybrid modalities and novel instruments.
Research reveals DNA methylation plays a crucial role in tree-fungi symbiosis, affecting water uptake and environmental adaptability. Epigenetic modulation between trees and fungi enhances symbiotic relationships, with implications for forest management and climate change mitigation.
Research published in General Psychiatry found that satisfying mid-life relationships are linked to a lower risk of accumulating multiple long-term conditions in older age. The study, which included 13,714 Australian women, suggests that stronger social connections and higher relationship satisfaction are associated with a lower risk o...
Researchers at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia developed two new zebrafish models for studying SURF1 mitochondrial disease, a major cause of Leigh syndrome. The team identified two drugs, cysteamine bitartrate and N-acetylcysteine, that showed potential in preventing neurological decompensation in patients with Leigh syndrome.
Researchers have developed a new model of black hole collisions that reveals nonlinear effects in gravitational waves, allowing for more accurate modeling of the behavior. This breakthrough has significant implications for understanding black hole collisions observed by LIGO and testing Einstein's general theory of relativity.
The American Gastroenterological Association recommends integrating non-invasive biomarkers for patients with ulcerative colitis in remission or with current symptoms. Biomarkers provide accurate insights into disease activity, offering a cheaper and more convenient option for monitoring.
Computer scientists designed a reconstruction attack that proves US Census data can be exposed and stolen with current privacy measures. The study demonstrates risks to individual respondents' privacy, highlighting the need for differential privacy techniques to protect sensitive information.
Researchers developed a wearable sensing patch that enables rapid quantitative analysis of urea, an important indicator of renal function, with high sensitivity and low detection limits. The patch uses upconversion nanoparticles to eliminate self-fluorescence and background interference.
A panel of four women from Diamond Light Source shares their professional journeys and addresses 21st century challenges, including energy research and pandemic preparedness. The workshop aims to inspire early career STEM professionals and promote diversity in the field.
The COALA project aims to measure the relationships between aerosols and clouds in Antarctica's 'clean-air laboratory' using ground-based instruments. Long-term observations will help scientists better understand cloud formation, precipitation, and radiation budget in this region.
Researcher Jie Cai aims to understand the interplay between financial and environmental goals in shaping energy use behaviors. He will develop a statistical behavioral model to analyze user interactions with smart thermostats and identify correlations with socio-demographic variables.
Maladaptive daydreaming is characterized by extensive immersion in vivid fantasies and can impair social, family, and employment functions. The new study's results show significant improvement in treatment groups, with around one-fourth of participants completely recovered from the condition.
A long-term study found that regular leisure time physical activity at any age is associated with better brain function in later life. Maintaining an exercise routine throughout adulthood was particularly beneficial for preserving mental acuity and memory. The study, which included over 1,400 participants, showed that being physically ...
A new Australian study found fundamental differences in how the AstraZeneca and Pfizer COVID-19 vaccines impact the immune system, with some people receiving more effective protection than others. The study revealed a potential explanation for the connection between the AstraZeneca vaccine and blood clotting cases.
A recent study at Baskett Forest found that forests reach an ecosystem wilting point between 2-4 weeks of extreme drought, requiring soaking rainfall to rejuvenate. This concept explains how whole forests respond to drought and is essential for understanding their dynamics under climate change.
Researchers from Iowa State University and Tufts University are using quantum computing to simulate and study atomic nuclei. They aim to understand the fundamental laws of nature governing nuclear formation in the Big Bang and supernovae.
Taiyun Chi develops a neural interface with neural recording channel counts over 10 times higher than current technology and creates a noninvasive deep-brain-stimulation system based on temporally interfering electromagnetic waves.
A research team from Hefei Institutes of Physical Science proposed an optimal inversion algorithm for aerosol optical depth based on combined multi-band intensity and polarization information. The algorithm avoids prior ground information requirements, enabling accurate separation of surface and atmospheric data.
Scientists at the Wyss Institute and Gameto develop a living, fully human ovarian organoid that supports egg cell maturation and secretes sex hormones. This technology enables the study of human ovarian biology without tissue from patients and could lead to new treatments for infertility and ovarian cancer.
A new study finds that while heart disease deaths are declining nationwide, rural and predominantly Black counties continue to experience higher rates of cardiovascular disease. Factors such as food insecurity, low income, and housing instability contribute to these disparities.
Researchers emphasize the need for further study of borophene-based materials, highlighting challenges in experimental synthesis and desired properties such as mechanical compliance and ultrahigh thermal conductivity. They recommend advancing studies focused on optimizing performance in energy applications and device integration.
A macroecological study found that giant tree properties, such as trunk circumference and age, are strongly correlated with climatic factors. The probability of a tree being an object of faith tends to increase with lower annual precipitation, highlighting the impact of climate change on spiritual ecosystem services.
A study published in Cell Reports found that a specific molecular cell program during foetal development can protect against acute myeloid leukaemia. The researchers used an experimental mouse model and discovered that the programme collides with the mechanism driving AML, explaining why leukaemia is rare in newborns.
An analysis of 13 million tweets suggests that celebrity tweets, particularly from politicians and news anchors, played a significant role in shaping public opinion on the COVID-19 pandemic in the US. The findings highlight the importance of monitoring social media activity to combat misinformation and promote health-protective behaviors.
Researchers have mapped mosquito cells that can fine-tune their ability to detect attractive human odors. The discovery may lead to the development of more effective repellents to combat mosquito-borne diseases.
A new study maps high arsenic levels in groundwater wells across northern Nevada, northeastern California, and western Utah, with over 49,000 users at risk. The model uses geologic, hydrologic, and tectonic variables to predict elevated arsenic levels, particularly in regions like Carson Desert basin and Truckee Meadows.
Researchers found that Waquoit Bay has shifted from a benthic to a pelagically-dominated ecosystem due to human causes, including excess nutrient pollution and climate change. The bay's ecosystem degradation has broader implications for estuaries worldwide.
A study of 4,000 middle-age workers reveals a link between sustained low hourly wages and elevated all-cause mortality risk. The findings suggest that improving the financial standing of low-wage workers through policies like minimum wage laws could lead to better mortality outcomes.
Researchers used a high-performance computer simulation to study the impact of soil subsidence on permafrost thawing in the Arctic tundra. They found that uneven land subsidence leads to a drier landscape, which limits the process's acceleration through the end of the century.
A KICT research team developed a prediction curve algorithm using AI to forecast bridge damage over time, including a carbonation model. The technology has achieved an accuracy of 90.8%, which is expected to improve to 95% by 2023.
Researchers developed a miniaturized viscometer using GaN optical device and bendable strip, achieving an ultra-wide viscosity range of 10^0 - 10^6 mPa·s. The viscometer demonstrated real-time monitoring capabilities and low sample consumption, making it suitable for practical applications.