Researchers at Gladstone Institutes found that ApoE4 from neurons plays a critical role in Alzheimer's disease, contrary to previous focus on glial cells. The study shows that deleting ApoE4 from neurons reduces brain changes resembling Alzheimer's disease, offering new possibilities for treatment.
A study found that BRCA1 mutations increase the risk of malignant mesothelioma caused by asbestos exposure. People with this genetic defect are more susceptible to tumor growth due to impaired ferroptosis defense mechanisms.
MIT researchers have developed a receiver chip that targets and blocks unwanted signals without hurting device performance. The chip uses a mixer-first architecture and block digital filtering to remove harmonic interference, enabling it to handle high-power signals effectively.
A Carnegie Mellon University professor proposes a new AI model that highlights the evidence of fairness in decision-making. The model provides counterfactual explanations to demonstrate whether past decisions were fair or biased. This research has practical implications for legislative efforts, industry norms, and AI model evaluation.
Researchers found microorganisms in Martian rocks that are difficult to detect with current instrumentation. The team suggests more powerful tools or bringing samples to Earth to conclusively address whether life existed on Mars. A European Mars rover expected to launch in 2028 will carry a drill capable of analyzing sediments deeper, ...
Researchers synthesized global data from nearly 600 studies on biochar to analyze its potential as a climate-smart agricultural practice. Biochar acts like a sponge, improving soil's capacity to hold water and nutrients, making it more resilient to droughts and sustaining crop yields.
Researchers developed a wireless communication system that enables quantum computers to send and receive data using high-speed terahertz waves, reducing power consumption and error-causing heat. The system uses a transceiver chip and tiny mirrors to transmit data wirelessly, making it suitable for large-scale quantum systems.
Researchers discovered polyphenol PCB2DG reduces inflammatory responses by inhibiting glutamine uptake in CD4+ T cells, promoting gene expression to synthesize amino acids. The study's findings offer potential for dietary polyphenol treatment of autoimmune diseases.
A new study examines the associations between preconception blood glucose levels and the risk of preterm birth. Women with preconception diabetes or prediabetes were found to be at increased risk of preterm birth, with elevated HbA1c levels linked to a higher risk among those without stable healthcare coverage.
Researchers have successfully developed a terahertz phase modulator using NdGaO3 single crystals, exhibiting a large terahertz phase shift of up to 94°. The crystal's sensitivity and stability are promising for applications in THz optics.
A preliminary study found that combining exercise and breathing practice resulted in greater improvement in thinking and memory skills, depression, and mood. The therapies were beneficial separately but combined for even better results in managing persistent concussion symptoms.
Researchers developed an algorithm that uses physics-based protein design calculations and machine learning to generate thousands of active enzymes, achieving a tenfold increase in success rate over traditional methods. The new method, CADENZ, has the potential to transform industries by providing green alternatives for processes such ...
A comprehensive summary of Ganoderma lucidum studies confirms its prebiotic properties, immunomodulation capabilities, and health-promoting effects through polysaccharides, triterpenoids, and polyphenols. This review aims to standardize pharmaceutical methods for G. lucidum-derived compounds.
Researchers have identified three novel pathogenic variants of the ATR gene as predisposing to male breast cancer. These variants were found in a cohort of individuals with early onset and familial breast cancers, using a combination of exome sequencing and functional investigations. The study suggests that extended genetic analysis ca...
Researchers identified apremilast as an incredibly promising treatment for alcohol use disorder, reducing consumption by more than half in a clinical trial. The medication, approved for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, triggers increased activity in the brain's nucleus accumbens to control alcohol intake.
Researchers found that conifer-killing beetles can detect the smell of a beneficial fungus through specialized neurons in their antennae, allowing them to identify infected trees. This detection system enables the beetles to locate fungi-produced compounds in tree resin, which may serve as cues for feeding and breeding.
A recent study from Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago suggests that paid family caregiving can be a viable answer to the healthcare worker shortage. The study, which compared children with medical complexity cared for by family-CNA caregivers versus traditional non-family CNAs, found no significant difference in hospi...
Researchers in Japan have developed a new monitoring technique using Consecutive DInSAR to measure land subsidence. The technique accurately detects changes in surface elevation and groundwater levels, enabling timely measures to tackle coastal flooding and damage.
Scientists developed a sensitive nanostructured silver surface to detect arsenic in water, food and soil using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The new technique is more sensitive and easier to produce than existing methods, making it ideal for on-site field assays.
Researchers from the University of Oxford-affiliated researchers found that high doses of ivermectin are ineffective in treating COVID-19. The study used the PLATCOV trial to compare the rates at which different drugs reduced the viral load of SARS-CoV-2, and the results suggest that ivermectin does not have measurable antiviral activity.
Researchers found that symbiotic fungi convert chemical defenses of spruce trees into attractive compounds for bark beetles. The fungi's volatile compounds, particularly oxygenated monoterpenes, serve as chemical signals to keep the symbiosis alive and stimulate tunneling behavior in beetles.
Scientists have created a method to detect phase in objects using quantum light and a single pixel detector, revealing internal structure and thickness information. This technique has potential applications in biological imaging, quantum metrology, and LIGO-like detection of gravitational waves.
A research team at Hokkaido University has created a stable and effective solid-state electrochemical thermal transistor that can control heat flow with electrical signals. The device outperforms current liquid-state thermal transistors in terms of stability and efficiency.
Researchers from Tokyo Medical and Dental University investigated the safety of anti-VEGF drug Aflibercept in a cell culture model exposed to HTLV-1. The study found that treatment did not increase pro-viral load or proliferation of RPE cells, suggesting potential for intraocular use.
Researchers have created a biodegradable polymer using carotenoids from carrots, which can be selectively broken down with acid and sunlight. The resulting material exhibits electrically conductive properties, making it suitable for energy storage and biomedical applications.
A new study from Tufts University School of Medicine and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences suggests that the timing of inhibitory neuron cell death may be a key factor in infantile spasms syndrome. Early diagnosis and treatment could potentially prevent significant impairments associated with the condition, offering hope for f...
A recent study by the University at Buffalo has discovered that genetic variations affecting immunity and metabolism have been preserved in humans for millions of years. This finding supports the theory of balancing selection, which suggests that certain genetic traits can be beneficial or harmful depending on environmental conditions.
A large study found that air pollution accelerates bone loss from osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, particularly on the lumbar spine. Nitrogen oxides were identified as a major contributor to this damage.
The ENIGMA Initiative aims to bridge knowledge gaps on brain aging factors in developing countries, particularly in India. The study will collect comprehensive data on risk and protective factors through clinical interviews, bloodwork, and brain MRI to identify universal and population-specific predictors of dementia.
A study published in CANCER found that children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia living along the US-Mexico border had a lower five-year survival rate compared to those in non-border areas. The research highlights existing disparities in pediatric cancer outcomes, particularly among Hispanic and Black communities.
A new type of digestive endoscopy called Endocytoscopy can diagnose early esophageal cancers without the need for biopsies. Studies have shown that it achieves high accuracy (95%) and specificity (92%) rates, comparable to traditional pathological biopsy methods.
A new Ka-band CMOS phased-array transmitter has been designed for small satellites, achieving 63.8 dBm equivalent isotropically radiated power with a 62% reduction in power consumption compared to state-of-the-art transmitters. The design uses an active hybrid coupler to select transmission modes and save power.
Researchers found that strengthening hip abductor muscles can provide effective compensation for weaknesses in knee extensor muscles, leading to improved mobility in people with below-the-knee amputations. The study tested the hypothesis in eight military personnel who had undergone a lower limb amputation and showed promising results.
A new study reveals naked mole-rats produce eggs throughout their lives, contrary to the dogma that female mammals have a finite ovarian reserve. The research found that these rodents have exceptionally large numbers of egg cells and lower cell death rates compared to mice.
The CEE team is leading a new project to develop better systems for evaluating the structural health of rail lines and modernizing pavement design and evaluation procedures. Researchers will focus on developing a rail structural capacity rating and Joint Evaluation and Design Integrated (JEDI) Solution software tools.
Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology have developed a new phased array receiver strategy to reduce radiation degradation and power consumption in small satellites. The approach uses on-chip distributed radiation sensors and current-sharing techniques, achieving less than 10% gain variation and lowest reported power consumption.
US public health websites lack accessibility features for people with low literacy or limited English proficiency, making it harder for them to find COVID-19 treatment information. The study suggests the need for national guidelines on accessibility and readability for these websites.
Researchers have designed a solar harvester with enhanced energy conversion capabilities using self-assembling nanoparticles. The device achieves high absorbance and suppressed thermal emissivity, enabling the transformation of sunlight into thermal energy.
A study has identified a severe form of mpox with a 15% mortality rate in people with advanced HIV disease and immunosuppression. The researchers recommend adding this form of mpox to the list of AIDS-defining conditions to guide management of immunocompromised individuals.
Scientists discovered how alternative splicing enables the compensatory increase of MBNL2 protein in response to MBNL1 loss-of-function. This mechanism, found in animal models and potentially applicable to human patients, may help explain disease variability and offer new therapeutic avenues for Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1.
Researchers at King Abdullah University of Science & Technology have developed a two-step process that cuts food waste by reducing microbial growth. The treatment, which combines UV-C irradiation and vacuum sealing, extends shelf life by 67% for animal products like salmon, and up to 124% for strawberries.
Glioblastoma patients have a median survival time of 15 months due to the rapid infiltration of brain tissue. Cellular senescence, previously thought to be only a marker of aging, is now linked to cancer progression, with senescent cells promoting tumor growth and immune evasion.
Researchers identified a higher rate of premature arteriovenous graft failure among African American patients undergoing dialysis access interventions. The study, published in Radiology, found that these patients were more vulnerable to experiencing early dialysis access dysfunction and failure.
Scientists at University of Galway have discovered that the noble false widow spider feeds on the endangered pygmy shrew. The study highlights the invasive spider's potent venom and complex hunting behavior, raising concerns about its impact on native species in Ireland and Britain.
Recent findings in spina bifida (SB) care highlight comorbidities such as autism and scoliosis, as well as the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare use. Telecommunication platforms like Zoom have evolved into clinical tools for SB care.
Researchers at Nagoya University developed a new dry etching method for metal carbides, allowing for the selective removal of TiAlC from other compounds. This technique enables the fabrication of gate-all-around transistors with improved performance and reduced leakage.
The metaverse can be used to investigate the effectiveness of large-scale interventions before implementation, saving time and money. It also provides a platform for people with limited access to natural environments to experience green spaces, reducing negative mental health effects.
A vibrating capsule designed to stimulate the colon has been shown to double the number of complete spontaneous bowel movements in adults with debilitating chronic constipation. The device, which is not a drug and works directly in the colon, showed significant improvement in symptoms such as straining and stool consistency.
A new study using whole genome sequencing identifies previously unknown mutations driving Hodgkin lymphoma development. The research provides temporal insights into tumor evolution, enabling more precise targeted treatment options.
Researchers developed a novel quantum detection method to measure in-situ magnetic states under high pressure. The technique uses divacancy defects in silicon carbide, enabling coherent control and sensitive detection of spin quantum states.
Scientists have successfully transformed blood cells into sperm precursors in marmoset embryos using a step-by-step process. The study, published in eLife, opens up new avenues for studying primate biology and developing novel assisted reproductive technologies.
A new study found that LGBTQ+ school clubs, particularly those with strong advocacy efforts, can reduce disparities in depressive symptoms between LGBQ+ and heterosexual students. The study suggests that GSA-led advocacy activities can promote well-being among LGBTQ+ youth across the wider school population.
Aquaculture can help restore ecosystems by removing excess nutrients and promoting biodiversity. Conservationists are using aquaculture techniques to create healthy habitats for marine species, including shellfish reefs and fish populations.
Researchers at Aalto University have developed new textiles that change shape when heated, providing adjustable aesthetics and potential applications in health monitoring and thermal insulation. The innovative fabrics use liquid crystalline elastomers, which can respond to heat, light, or other stimuli.
A study found that long-acting injectable ART suppressed HIV in people with unstable housing, mental illnesses, and substance use disorders. The treatment improved outcomes in underserved patients, overcoming daily treatment barriers such as housing insecurity and untreated mental illnesses.
Researchers have developed a novel method using carbon-coated magnetite nanoclusters to enhance cancer synergistic therapy. The nanoclusters absorb NIR-II irradiation, producing cytotoxic heat that kills cancer cells. This improves CDT efficiency and produces synergistic therapeutic effects.
Researchers from Kanazawa University developed a new approach to control the formation and dissociation of rotaxanes, which can be used as building blocks for molecular machines. The new strategy uses accelerators like bromine ions to speed up the processes, opening up possibilities for tunable functionality.
A culturally appropriate model of end-of-life care is being developed in Ghana to address the scarcity of palliative care in low-resource communities. COMPASS Ghana aims to provide universal end-of-life care by the end of the decade, utilizing a compassionate community approach that involves patients and caregivers in care provision.
Researchers developed a self-powered, hybrid nanogenerator sensor that can monitor performance in boxing and cricket, providing accurate data on accuracy, power, and speed. The device has the potential to explore other applications in sports, paving the way for more efficient practices and improved player performance.
A fast-dissolving insert containing TAF and EVG was found safe and effective in preventing HIV transmission through anal sex. The study delivered high levels of the drugs to rectal tissue and fluid, with potential protection for up to three days after use.