Research from the University of Cambridge found that cinematic depictions of AI scientists are heavily skewed towards men, contributing to a cultural stereotype that may deter women from pursuing AI careers. The study highlights the need for more diverse representation in AI development.
Research reveals that severe fatty liver disease is caused by a change in cell death modes from apoptosis to necroptosis, induced by RIPK3 and stress-inducible transcription factor ATF3. This mechanism contributes to inflammation and liver damage in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Researchers found no significant evidence of harm in lowering blood pressure targets after endovascular treatment, but trends suggested marginal benefit and potential worsening of long-term disability. Clinicians should consider auto-regulation of blood pressure unless above 180 mm Hg.
A University of Queensland-led team has secured almost $8 million in philanthropic funding to develop an mRNA vaccine against Group A Streptococcus (Strep A), which causes over 500,000 deaths annually due to rheumatic heart disease.
A new neuroprotectant medication called ApTOLL has been shown to improve survival and reduce long-term disability among patients with stroke. The study found that ApTOLL, when used in conjunction with standard treatments, reduced death and brain damage, suggesting a promising new approach to treating stroke.
Researchers identified two Blastocystis strains, ST4 and ST7, with contrasting effects on the gut microbiome, promoting or disrupting a healthy balance. The study's findings suggest that geographical prevalence may influence the strain's impact on intestinal disease.
A new study has found that zebrafish larvae increase their chances of escape by moving at an angle perpendicular to the predator's direction. The study also examines the role of environmental noise and biomechanical constraints in shaping behavioral responses.
Researchers developed a new method to quantify the structure and quality of messenger RNA (mRNA) medicines using liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and software analysis. The platform can analyze all three key components of mRNA medicines simultaneously, providing unparalleled efficiency in checking for quality.
A new study found that pregnant individuals who give birth to large-for-gestational-age (LGA) babies are at a higher risk of developing prediabetes or Type 2 diabetes 10-14 years after childbirth. Researchers analyzed data from the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Follow-up Study, which revealed a significant association bet...
A large study of over 2.5 million pregnancies in California found that exposure to wildfire smoke increased the risk of spontaneous preterm birth. The researchers analyzed data from 2007-2012 and found a significant association between wildfire smoke and premature labor, with an average exposure of 7.5 days.
A new nonhuman primate model of Usher syndrome has been confirmed, providing hope for the development of a treatment for this leading cause of blindness-deafness. The model, created using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, exhibits symptoms similar to those experienced by humans with the condition.
Scientists have directly observed ultrafast motion of nonequilibrium excitons in monolayers WSe2, MoWSe2, and MoSe2, traveling at least 200 nm within 1 ps. This 'superdiffusion' process could break the traditional limitation of photovoltaic efficiency and be used for ultrafast electronic devices.
Researchers at Rutgers University found that disposable e-cigarettes were more likely sold in specialized stores, while nicotine pouches were available in convenience stores and areas with non-Hispanic white residents. The study suggests that these products are targeted to different audiences and informs potential policy actions.
African biodiversity data reveals significant shortfalls in species occurrence records and maps. The study highlights the importance of integrating ecological interaction data with species distribution modeling to improve conservation policies and public health guidelines.
Researchers studied lithospheric fluids billions of years ago to infer the presence of metals that could have supported life. Manganese was found to be a likely candidate, while copper was not detected in high concentrations. The study provides new insights into the origin of life and will inform future experiments.
A single prior paid claim increases future claim risk, regardless of specialty or state disclosure. Timely education and intervention have the potential to mitigate future claims.
A study by Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics reveals two competitive channels for the photoionization of dichloromethane under VUV light irradiation. The dominant photodissociation channel produces Cl radicals that react with CH2Cl2 to form CHCl2+.
Researchers propose a 'C-C bond-first' strategy to convert biomass into liquid hydrogen carriers, releasing H2 on site. The approach prioritizes C-C bond breaking for high photocatalytic hydrogen production and storage.
A recent study published in JAMA Network Open found a significant association between long-term exposure to air pollution and an increased risk of late-life depression diagnosis in older adults. The research analyzed data from 8.9 million Medicare enrollees, highlighting the potential health impacts of air pollution on mental health.
Research from Rutgers University found that neighborhoods where children live have a bigger impact on cancer outcomes than race and ethnicity alone. Outcomes diverge with age, with grade school and adolescence seeing increased divergence.
A new study reveals that glaciers in Greenland move through a complex system involving basal temperate ice and varied landscapes. The research uses computer modeling to better understand the movement of the world's second-largest ice sheet, which could lead to more accurate predictions of sea-level rise.
A new study finds that plasma D-dimer levels have comparable diagnostic accuracy to other commonly used tests for identifying periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), and sometimes outperform the standard tests. The test showed higher sensitivity and specificity in detecting PJI, particularly in certain patient subgroups.
A new study found that patients with recurrent multiple myeloma can benefit from receiving ide-cel CAR T therapy earlier in their disease course. The treatment showed a nearly sevenfold increase in complete remission rates compared to standard care.
A study at Radboud University Medical Center found that pre-hospital troponin measurements can safely identify low-risk patients with chest pain, reducing the need for hospital visits. The results show a small risk of major adverse cardiac events, but also significant cost savings.
Researchers from Mount Sinai Health System presented studies on the association between obesity and adverse outcomes in forceps-assisted vaginal deliveries, as well as the utility of cervical length surveillance after cerclage placement for predicting preterm birth. Additionally, a new tool for managing postpartum hemorrhage was showca...
Researchers at Harvard's Wyss Institute developed a method to fine-tune CAR-T cell stimulation using artificial antigen-presenting scaffolds. This approach enhances consistency and potency of resulting CAR-T cell products, allowing for better cancer treatment outcomes.
Researchers developed a computer software called CellOracle that can predict the role of individual genes in early embryonic development. The tool helps scientists identify key genes involved in development but may have been missed by older methods, providing new insights into birth defects and cancer.
Researchers have discovered a new group of immune cells called NKRM cells that limit immune responses in tissues and prevent autoimmunity. This discovery may lead to new treatments for conditions like Sjogren's Syndrome and chronic inflammatory diseases.
A recent study published in Nature highlights the underestimation of global wetland loss over the past 300 years. The research found that temperate river floodplains and tropical regions are disproportionately affected, while remote boreal-arctic peatlands remain relatively unharmed.
In a controlled experiment, researchers found that Goffin's cockatoos recognize when multiple tools are required to extract seeds from a fruit. The birds were able to adapt their tool use depending on the situation and transport the tools as a set on an as-needed basis.
Scientists at Stockholm University propose a nonlinear spectroscopic technique to investigate coupled nuclear electronic dynamics in photo-excited molecules. This approach allows for the observation of conical intersections, which are 'funnels' connecting different electronic states, and provides insight into non-adiabatic dynamics.
The ESMO Gynaecological Cancers Congress 2023 will present the latest treatments and insights for ovarian, uterine, cervical, and rare gynaecological cancers. Around 80 studies will be presented on strategies to overcome PARP inhibitors mechanisms of resistance in ovarian cancer.
Researchers at Shenzhen University have developed a compact fiber optical nanomechanical probe (FONP) to measure in vivo biomechanical properties of tissue and even single cells. The high-precision mechanical sensing system enables accurate measurements with spring constants as low as 2.1 nanonewtons.
A new study of the FDA-cleared Jada System found that it successfully treated postpartum hemorrhage in 92.5% of vaginal births and 83.7% of cesarean births, with a mean indwelling time of 4.6 hours for vaginal births and 6.3 hours for cesarean births.
A study found that many South African mothers introduce formula prematurely due to misinterpreting normal baby behavior, highlighting the need for better support. The study also critiques the formula industry's exploitative marketing tactics and their influence on public policy.
Researchers from Tokyo University of Science discovered β-damascone, a natural aroma compound found in rose fragrance, modulates dendritic cell functions and reduces inflammatory cytokine production. The study showed β-damascone inhibits antigen-dependent activation and Th1 cell development, as well as ear inflammation in mice models.
The February issue of the CHEST journal features 37 articles exploring various topics in chest medicine, including asthma, COPD, and pulmonary vascular disease. The journal also highlights its equity topic collection, focusing on conditions that affect women, such as pulmonary arterial hypertension and sarcoidosis.
A study by Emory University researchers found that extracts from two wild plants, tall goldenrod and eagle fern, inhibited the ability of the SARS-CoV-2 virus to infect living cells. The active compounds are present in miniscule quantities, making it ineffective for self-treatment, but may hold promise as medicines against COVID-19.
Research reveals hydrothermal vents as a previously undiscovered source of dissolved black carbon in the oceans, transporting it thousands of kilometers away. This discovery sheds light on the ocean's role as a carbon sink and provides insights into the formation of recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon.
Scientists have developed a new method to measure calorimetric quantities at the molecular level with picosecond time resolution. By tracking water's spectroscopic fingerprints in the THz range, researchers can accurately predict protein-rich droplet formation and its dependency on external parameters like temperature.
Fresh meat recalls can significantly reduce customer demand, with large recalls causing a larger loss in meat demand. The study suggests that companies can take action to prevent food recalls by increasing mandatory inspection of fresh meat products and developing standard regulations.
A NYU school dental program using silver diamine fluoride and sealants prevented 80% of cavities in a randomized trial. The study suggests an efficient and cost-effective approach to improving children's oral health through school-based care.
A large international clinical study found that patients with large strokes had significantly better recovery after endovascular thrombectomy plus medical management. The SELECT2 study showed almost 20% of patients who received thrombectomy regained functional independence, compared to 7% on medical treatment only.
Researchers investigated the relationship between slow slip events and tectonic strain in Japan's Bungo Channel, Tokai, and Boso-Oki regions. They found that not all accumulated strain is released during SSEs, but rather builds up in shallower areas before a megathrust earthquake can occur.
Researchers explore CEACAM1, CEACAM5, and CEACAM6's pathological significance in cancer biology and immunology. The review highlights their interactions with pathogens and potential avenues for cancer therapy.
A recent review strengthens the connection between repetitive head impacts and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), highlighting a strong dose response relationship. CTE has been diagnosed in over 600 cases, with 97% of confirmed cases showing exposure to RHI, primarily through contact sports.
Researchers at CU Cancer Center have discovered a way to activate the p53 tumor suppressor gene, which can kill cancer cells. By inhibiting two repressors of p53, the Integrated Stress Response is activated, leading to cancer cell death in multiple cancer types.
Researchers discover abiotic peptide chain formation from glycine in space conditions, shedding light on the origin of life. The study shows that small clusters of glycine molecules exhibit polymerization upon energy input.
A global picture of local species richness trends is hindered by incomplete and biased data, with regional imbalances leading to a distorted impression. The study advocates for prioritizing local assessments and standardized monitoring programs to address measurement errors and spatial biases.
A study found that nearly half of under-25 couchsurfers identified as queer, with poor mental health and psychological distress common among this group. Sexual exchange, including labor, was a significant concern, particularly for bisexual and queer women.
A Penn State-led research team has invented a new class of ion-exchange membrane wafer assemblies that significantly improves electrodeionization's ability to capture p-coumaric acid from liquid mixtures. The new design reduces the amount of membrane needed, resulting in cost savings and increased efficiency.
A study by Johns Hopkins Medicine found that high doses of CBD may increase the adverse effects of THC in edible cannabis products. The study showed that CBD inhibits the metabolism of THC, resulting in stronger and longer drug effects.
Research integrates palaeoecology, phylogeography, and species distribution models to investigate oak refugia and post-LGM distribution development. Mountains in northern and central China acted as refugia during the Last Glacial Maximum, with climate being a primary influencing factor on migration.
Researchers from the University of Colorado found that Paxlovid significantly reduced rates of hospitalization and death among non-hospitalized patients infected with recent Omicron subvariants. The study used real-world data from 28,000 patients and suggested a benefit for Paxlovid in preventing severe disease.
A team of Brown researchers has developed a new, highly accurate method for detecting antidepressants in patients using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The technique requires minimal biological samples and can be fully automated using liquid-handling robots.
A recent study by St. Jude Children's Research Hospital found that socioeconomic deprivation and frailty are independently associated with increased late mortality in childhood cancer survivors. The research highlights the importance of policies to improve local environments and access to interventions that may improve health conditions.
Scientists have detailed the atomic structure of superconducting RbV3Sb5 at 103 degrees Kelvin, revealing a unique lattice pattern and charge-density wave. This breakthrough provides a new understanding of exotic states of matter and brings researchers closer to developing higher-temperature superconductors.
A recent study confirms that pancreatic cancer rates are rising faster in women than men, particularly among younger women and Black women. The rate of pancreatic cancer among women under the age of 55 increased by 2.4% compared to men of the same age, highlighting a significant disparity in mortality rates between the sexes.
Researchers identified a rare neurological disease in three children associated with mutations in the ATG4D gene, which plays a crucial role in cellular recycling. The study suggests that this genetic variation may lead to insufficient cellular recycling, causing speech and motor impairment.
Research found that cocaine use disorder causes significant gene expression changes in brain regions associated with reward and habit formation, contributing to persistent behavioral abnormalities. The study also identified overlapping molecular changes between cocaine and opioid use disorders, offering potential for targeted treatments.