A study published in the American Journal of Sociology found that urban Black youth living in segregated neighborhoods spent a substantial amount of time in areas with mostly white residents. They often traveled to predominantly white neighborhoods to access better-resourced schools, stores, and organizations.
The European Health Union aims to detect, prepare, and respond collectively to future health threats. The EU Health Security Framework has been reinforced to learn from lessons learned during the pandemic, with a focus on close collaboration among ECDC, EMA, and HERA.
Scientists have identified genes that play key roles in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD), a leading cause of death worldwide. The study found notable differences in gene activity between males and females, as well as between cells that were multiplying and those that were not.
Researchers found that elevated CO2 levels increase water use efficiency in trees by adjusting stomata opening and closing. The 'g1 number' tool helps predict tree responses under future atmospheric conditions.
A team of astronomers has directly measured the mass of a dead star using gravitational microlensing, a phenomenon predicted by Einstein's General Theory of Relativity. The measurement, made for an isolated white dwarf called LAWD 37, provides new insights into star evolution and testing current theories of how white dwarfs evolve.
A recent study by University at Buffalo researchers found toxic elements like arsenic, lead, mercury, and cadmium in many commercial baby foods. The study highlights the need for stricter regulations to protect infants from these harmful substances.
Researchers study evolution of wheat spikes from ancient Mesopotamia to understand its adaptability to different environmental conditions. The study found that awned and awnless wheat varieties exist globally, with the latter dominating arid regions.
A new study reveals rural pregnant individuals are less likely to have adequate health insurance before, during, and after pregnancy compared to urban residents. This disparity affects access to quality care and increases the risk of adverse maternal health outcomes.
Purdue University researchers are developing new applications for 3D technologies, including lidar and drone-mounted sensors, to measure ecosystems and analyze their structural diversity. The research has the potential to inform land management decisions and improve ecological theories.
A new study predicts global antimicrobial use in food-producing animals will increase by 8% by 2030 if stronger regulations are not implemented worldwide. The findings highlight the need for stricter controls on antimicrobial use, which has raised concerns over antimicrobial resistance.
A study by MIT researchers found that chess players perform worse and make more errors when exposed to high levels of fine particulate matter in the air. The probability of error increases by 2.1 percentage points, while the magnitude of those errors rises by 10.8%. Cleaner air leads to clearer heads and sharper thinking.
The new articles explore the dynamics of slow and fast plate subduction, slab damage, and backarc opening in the central Mediterranean region. Another article examines mantle serpentinization and associated hydrogen flux at North Atlantic magma-poor rifted margins.
Dr. Ruth Ann Marrie has made significant contributions to multiple sclerosis research, including the discovery of comorbidities' impact on MS evolution and development of personalized medicine strategies. Her work aims to improve quality of life by stopping and preventing MS through early intervention and targeted treatments.
Researchers discovered that myosin motor proteins must be activated before muscles can contract, potentially leading to breakthroughs in treating inherited cardiac conditions. This new understanding could lead to medical remedies for diseases like dilated cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Researchers from the University of Rochester and MINERvA collaboration used beams of neutrinos at Fermilab to investigate proton structure. This technique offers a new view on measuring protons using neutrino scattering, providing insights into nuclear effects and improving future measurements of neutrino properties.
The team developed a way to stack red, green, and blue light-emitting diodes to create vertical, multicolored pixels, enabling higher-resolution displays. This technique could enable fully immersive virtual reality experiences and improve digital screens' sharpness and resolution.
Researchers found no subgroup of patients who benefit from surgery for a torn meniscus, suggesting it should only be performed in cases of obvious complaints. A personalized approach focusing on prevention and physiotherapy is recommended to save healthcare costs and improve quality of life.
Researchers at Rice University have developed light-activated nanoscale drills that can kill pathogenic fungi, providing a potential new treatment option for fungal infections. The molecular machines target the mitochondria of fungal cells, disrupting cellular metabolism and leading to cell death.
Researchers from the University of Southampton have discovered that changing how tightly an antibody binds to a target can improve cancer treatments. By reducing affinity, immunomodulatory antibodies can effectively fine-tune the antibody to the desired level and activity.
Patients living in Southern states with expanded Medicaid were more likely to receive early treatment for invasive breast cancer. Despite this, the proportion of patients undergoing treatments actually decreased across all states.
Researchers discovered a trade-off relationship between microbial CUE and specific extracellular enzyme activities under reduced oxygen, regardless of N and P levels. This relationship can advance understanding of microbially mediated C and nutrient cycling in anaerobic ecosystems.
Scientists have developed a technique to detect RNA structures in live cells, shedding light on the role of G-quadruplexes in neurodegenerative diseases. The method uses fluorescent spectroscopy and resolves existing limitations in studying these structures in real-time.
Researchers investigated acoustic cry characteristics in preterm infants, finding a potential link to developmental delays. The study of 363 preterm infants suggests that early identification of risk for long-term outcomes may be possible through acoustic analysis.
Preterm birth increases the risk of cardiovascular problems; combining steroids with statins could eliminate negative effects while retaining respiratory benefits. Researchers found that combined therapy improved lung function and reduced cardiovascular issues in rat pups.
Researchers found that poorer blood sugar control, as measured by haemoglobin A1c, was associated with higher core body temperature and increased heart rate during exercise in a heated chamber. This suggests that people with type 2 diabetes may be at greater risk of heat-related stress and heat-related injuries.
Researchers Martin S. Sloth and Florian Niedermann introduce New Early Dark Energy (NEDE) as a solution to the Hubble tension problem, suggesting a phase transition in dark energy that explains different measurement results for the universe's expansion rate.
A large-scale study of 389,000 participants found a significant association between long-term exposure to multiple ambient air pollutants and the risk of depression and anxiety. The findings suggest that reducing joint exposure to multiple air pollutants could alleviate the burden of these diseases.
New research reveals that nitrogen released by gas-powered machines causes dry soil to let go of carbon and release it back into the atmosphere. The study found that excess nitrogen acidifies soils, leading to a loss of carbon stored in association with calcium.
A new deep-learning based filter, DeepFilter, was proposed to effectively sift through false positive variants generated by VarDict, improving the accuracy and efficiency of cancer diagnosis and treatment. The experimental results showed promising outcomes, outperforming other filters in terms of false positive variant filter tasks.
A UK study using data from over 150,000 hospitalized patients found that immunocompromised individuals had a 44% higher risk of death compared to those with normal immune systems. The gap in mortality rates widened for immunocompromised patients over time, highlighting the need for targeted interventions such as antiviral treatments an...
A 319-million-year-old fish fossil has yielded the earliest known fossilized brain of a backboned animal, providing insights into the neural anatomy and early evolution of ray-finned fishes. The discovery also sheds light on the preservation of soft tissues in fossils, which were previously thought to be rare.
Researchers analyzed cremated bone fragments from burial mounds in Derbyshire, UK, finding evidence that Vikings crossed the North Sea with animals from Scandinavia. The study suggests that most likely, they were travelling alongside humans on ships.
A study found that communities experiencing sudden and significant job losses in manufacturing are less likely to engage in sustainability planning and meet sustainability-related goals. This is attributed to deep-rooted connections between industry and community identity, making it difficult for these communities to transition.
Researchers at Aarhus University are studying electro-trophic microorganisms that convert green electricity and CO2 into high-value products. The project aims to understand the underlying mechanisms of these microbes, which could lead to breakthroughs in microbiological Power-to-X and novel tools for microbial corrosion prevention.
A 319-million-year-old fossilized fish has provided the oldest example of a well-preserved vertebrate brain, shedding new light on the neural anatomy and early evolution of ray-finned fishes. The discovery reveals that brain evolution in these animals unfolded more complexly than previously thought.
Researchers find quasiparticles called ferrons that carry waves of polarization and heat in ferroelectric materials. The ferron's behavior is sensitive to an external electric field, turning the material into a thermal switch.
Three new species of nautilus have been described from the Coral Sea and South Pacific, with researchers studying their characteristics to better understand biogeographic isolation. The discovery highlights concerns over ocean conservation due to pollution, climate change, and overfishing.
Climate change may lead to significant declines in US forest inventories, particularly in the South, resulting in reduced timber production and increased costs. The study projects losses of up to 23% by 2100, with potential gains in some regions driven by climate-adaptive species.
Researchers have developed a compact silicon photonic compute engine capable of computing tiled matrix multiplications at a record-high 50 GHz clock frequency. This achievement promises to contribute significantly to data center cybersecurity and enables real-time threat detection for malicious packets.
Researchers report an updated analysis from a phase I study of mivavotinib, a spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoma. The study showed a 45% overall response rate and median duration of response of 28.1 months in the overall cohort.
A new study shows that midwinter dry spells accelerate snowmelt in burned areas, as wildfires increase sun exposure and reduce the snowpack's ability to reflect sunlight. This can lead to earlier snowmelt, affecting water availability and forecasting, with cascading impacts on hydrology.
Scientists at Shinshu University have created a new method for achieving structural coloring through plasma irradiation of graphite, eliminating the need for harmful color dyes. The technique produces erasable and stable colors that can be manipulated using various factors, offering a sustainable solution for the art world.
Researchers at the University of Queensland discovered two distinct processes in the human brain when exposed to prolonged or repeated sensory inputs. These findings could provide clues for understanding and treating sensory brain disorders.
Two new articles discuss the Mojave Desert, Obsidian Dome, California, and Appalachian Inner Piedmont, North Carolina. Researchers use discordant U-Pb zircon data to re-evaluate the El Paso terrane's origin and indicate sinistral-oblique relative plate motion during Permian arc initiation.
Researchers have identified a molecular finger that switches on genes in one-cell embryos, revealing a potential link to cancer. The discovery sheds light on the mechanisms regulating embryonic development and may lead to new insights into cancer detection.
A recent twin study found that serious eating disorder ARFID is highly influenced by genetic factors, with a significant 79% genetic component. Researchers estimate that between 1-5% of the population is affected by ARFID.
Researchers discovered a strong association between loneliness, lack of social support, and various dementia risk factors. The study found that modifiable lifestyle factors, such as physical activity and smoking habits, can impact social isolation and ADRD risk.
A new study found neutralizing antibodies to TOSV and SFSV in wild quail birds, suggesting they could be the unknown reservoir of these viruses. The viruses are mosquito-borne pathogens that can infect domestic animals and cause disease in humans, with symptoms including fever, headache, and neurological signs.
Researchers at the University of Sheffield have discovered that epoxy-functionalized nanoparticles can significantly reduce friction on stainless steel surfaces. The nanoparticles adhere strongly to metal surfaces due to chemical adsorption, leading to a notable reduction in friction. This finding has potential implications for next-ge...
Researchers investigated TB screening effectiveness in Germany and globally, finding mandatory programs may increase participation but don't deliver better results. Voluntary programs are considered more effective, ethically and legally justifiable.
A new study by researchers at the University of California, Davis, found that 6- to 9-month-old babies can form memories of masked faces and recognize those faces when unmasked. The study used eye tracking to examine how masks influence infants' facial recognition.
Researchers found that pacing patients at faster heart rates improved quality of life, physical activity, and reduced atrial fibrillation. This new treatment approach shows promise in treating heart failure with a stiff heart muscle.
A study published in JAMA Network Open found that patients treated at non-teaching hospitals had lower mortality and more healthy days at home when care was provided in markets with academic medical centers. The presence of AMCs was associated with a spillover effect, improving outcomes for neighboring community hospitals.
Scientists have discovered compounds that target the circadian clock and collagen synthesis to improve scar healing. These compounds, which include Dwn1 and Dwn2, modulate cell migration and collagen synthesis without damaging fibroblasts, leading to faster healing times and reduced scarring.
New research computes first step toward predicting lifespan of electric space propulsion systems by developing a model that bridges scales between molecular dynamics simulations and experiments. The model resolves limitations and uncertainties in experimental data, gaining insight into critical phenomenon and surface morphology over time.
A new study from Oregon State University found that both cotton and synthetic microfibers have negative impacts on the behavior and growth of aquatic organisms. The research, published in Frontiers in Marine Science, suggests that increasing awareness and control over fiber release can help mitigate these effects.
A new study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association found that people hospitalized for sepsis are at a higher risk of heart failure and rehospitalization within 12 years. The researchers analyzed data from over 2 million adults who survived non-surgical hospitalizations between 2009 and 2019.
A comprehensive review of antidepressant use in chronic pain found that some classes were effective in treating certain conditions, while others showed unclear or unknown benefits. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) like duloxetine demonstrated efficacy for various pain conditions.
Researchers developed BirdFlow, a predictive model that utilizes eBird data and machine learning to forecast migratory patterns. The model was tested on 11 species of North American birds and found to outperform other models in tracking migration flows.
A 20-year study reveals that recent advances in surgical and clinical care have significantly reduced brain injuries in babies with congenital heart disease. Infants who received higher postoperative blood pressure had a 20% lower risk of brain injury compared to those in earlier stages.