Scientists create molecular model of triglyceride transport in mycobacterial barrier, discovering 'Trojan horse' system to weaken pathogen's defenses. This breakthrough could lead to more effective therapies against tuberculosis.
A new study analyzes Twitter discussions on deepfakes related to the Russian invasion, highlighting negative reactions and positive sentiments towards deepfakes. The researchers found that some users' distrust in real videos increased after exposure to deepfakes.
A new study, funded by a $3 million grant, aims to investigate whether treating insomnia can lower the risk of cardiovascular disease. The SHADES trial will recruit 200 patients and compare those who receive modernized collaborative care with standard primary care for insomnia.
Researchers have discovered that genetic ancestry influences the biology of normal breast tissue and how it factors into the development of aggressive breast cancers. PZP cells, naturally higher in Black women, can influence cancer cell behavior and growth.
A recent study published in JAMA Internal Medicine found that only 18% of physicians portrayed in films are women, despite increasing representation over time. The research highlights the importance of media representation in shaping attitudes towards women in medicine and may contribute to imposter syndrome among underrepresented groups.
Terminating metformin treatment was associated with higher risk of developing dementia in a large cohort of adults. The study of 41,000 participants found that early metformin cessation was linked to increased dementia incidence compared to continued use.
Researchers Joel Mejia and M. Sidury Christiansen are developing a handbook of recommended pedagogical approaches to address exclusionary language in engineering classes. They aim to improve the sense of belonging among multilingual students pursuing STEM careers by guiding faculty on strategies for changing biased language practices.
Researchers develop a new migration strategy that enhances CO2 reduction to CO via reverse water-gas shift reaction in Ru/(TiOx)MnO catalysts. The approach boosts catalytic activity by 3.3 times and improves H-spillover for efficient hydrogen transportation.
Researchers developed smart glasses with an acoustic touch feature similar to human echolocation. The technology enables blind or low-visioned individuals to recognize and reach objects.
A team of researchers at Kyoto University has found that a deficiency in the enzyme B4GALT3 inhibits tumor growth in mice. The study shows that reduced glycosylation on T cell surfaces correlates with increased CD8+ immune cells infiltrating tumors.
Researchers at UMass Amherst have tracked tarpon migration patterns using acoustic telemetry, revealing two distinct subgroups of the species. The study, which gathered data over five years, has significant implications for conservation efforts, as tarpon are listed as vulnerable due to fishing, habitat loss, and degraded water quality.
A team of researchers found that fibroblast cells cultured on substrates with varying degrees of stiffness exhibit changes in cell structure, function, and TGF-β activity, which regulates ECM architecture. This study provides insights into how mechanical forces influence wound healing and tissue development.
Researchers found no significant improvement in primary composite outcomes, including organ support-free days and hospital survival, among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who received intravenous vitamin C. The study suggests that vitamin C treatment may not be effective in improving patient outcomes for this population.
Research from TU Dortmund University and RWTH Aachen University suggests that marketing academia has focused on identifying new phenomena, but neglected building 'big-picture' frameworks and theories. This limits the field's ability to provide answers to complex marketing problems.
A new AI-driven mapping study from the University of Copenhagen has discovered a billion tons of hidden biomass in Europe, including trees outside forested areas. The research found that countries like Denmark, Netherlands, and UK have significant tree cover outside forests, which can impact biodiversity and climate models.
Researchers have discovered that water and UV radiation can rapidly degrade the crosslinked polymers in diaper liners without the need for chemicals. This process breaks down the chains linking the polymers, turning them into liquid fibers that can be used to create new products such as adhesives and dyes.
Researchers improved biomass-related traits in sheepgrass using a custom genome editing system, revealing its potential for rapid genomic breeding. The study increased understanding of sheepgrass genomics and established a precedent for its genetic improvement.
A new soft sensor developed by UBC and Honda researchers enables touch sensitivity and dexterity in robots, allowing them to pick up fragile objects like an egg or a glass of water. The sensor uses weak electric fields to sense objects, even at a distance, making it suitable for adoption in robots that interact with people.
A new study reveals that the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted end-of-life care, with a growing burden on first-time carers and reduced formal care support services. Researchers advocate for improved resources for wider end-of-life care education, health and social care staff, and identification and assessment of carers.
A study led by Oregon State University has identified the mechanism behind omega-3 supplements' effectiveness in combating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a liver condition associated with metabolic syndrome. Betacellulin, a protein growth factor, plays a crucial role in the disease's progression and scarring.
A comprehensive study found that eating whole eggs had a positive impact on nutrient density, hematocrit levels, and immune function, while reducing the negative effects of egg whites. The study also explored differences in responses between women taking birth control pills and those not.
Researchers developed a new tool to evaluate clinical trial results, allowing for more complex research questions and faster treatment access. The 'Chauhan Weighted Trajectory Analysis' can assess multiple outcomes in one graph, capturing disease severity and treatment effectiveness.
A new approach using deep learning speeds up supernova simulation by 99%, enabling more accurate modeling of galaxy evolution. This breakthrough could also apply to climate and earthquake simulations, providing valuable insights into complex phenomena.
A study analyzing ancient Cancun Island remains found that immigrants from the Maya lowlands were treated similarly to locals in terms of food and burial practices. The findings suggest whole families moved residence across Mesoamerica and integrated into new societies, challenging previous assumptions about foreign treatment.
Researchers developed a single model that predicts population fluctuations in urban employment, human gut microbiomes, and tropical forests. The model, SLRM, generates a narrow distribution of the most likely trajectories, allowing for prediction and response to variability across multiple domains.
A study in fruit flies reveals a potential connection between a respiratory system defect and the development of aortic aneurysms in humans. Researchers identified proteins that play a crucial role in maintaining tube structure and integrity, which may also be relevant to human tubular diseases.
A study of 9,479 participants identified racial and ethnic disparities in breast cancer survival, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to improve outcomes for at-risk subgroups. The findings suggest that focused care approaches can address these disparities and promote more equitable treatment.
Listening to preferred music reduces pain intensity and unpleasantness, while emotional responses play a key role in predicting its effect. The study found that moving or bittersweet emotional themes are associated with lower pain ratings.
Research at Osaka University finds that warming up can rapidly activate contractile proteins and improve muscle performance, particularly in skeletal muscles. This difference may allow skeletal muscles to contract quickly upon warming, saving energy and resting when needed.
Researchers found changes in microglial cells, a specialized subset of immune cells, that may worsen schizophrenia risk in adolescents. The study, published in Nature Communications, suggests that THC exposure during adolescence can lead to long-lasting negative effects on brain development and function.
A new study reveals that autophagy plays a crucial role in the gradual loss of DNA content in diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells undergoing chronological aging. The researchers found that only diploids survived, and autophagy induction was responsible for the DNA loss.
Researchers investigated rooster mirror self-recognition, finding that their behavior indicates recognition despite failed traditional tests. The study's results provide new insights into the cognitive ecology of mirror self-recognition in birds.
Researchers from Pusan National University have developed pricing formulas for vulnerable timer options, which can help reduce investment risks. The study found that these options are more effective than standard timer options in managing credit risk.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine identified a small molecule named 5D4 that can suppress breast and ovarian cancer growth. 5D4 works by binding to TopBP1 protein in cancer cells, disrupting interactions with multiple pathways that promote cancer growth. Combining 5D4 with PARP inhibitors enhances anti-cancer activity.
A brain-computer interface (BCI) has been successfully used to restore control of home devices for a patient with ALS, allowing the individual to navigate a communication board and smart devices without recalibration. The BCI device was implanted on the surface of the brain areas responsible for speech and upper limb function, enabling...
Researchers have confirmed that genes associated with East Asian and Native American ancestry explain lighter skin in people of these descent, rather than European genes. This discovery has broad implications for genetic research and the prevention of melanoma, particularly in Europeans.
The Cumming Global Centre for Pandemic Therapeutics is offering global grants of up to $200,000 per annum for three years to develop novel therapeutics for pathogens of pandemic potential. Researchers are invited to submit expressions of interest for Round Two of the Foundation Grants program.
Scientists have developed a novel organ-on-a-chip device with customizable screen-printed electrodes for measuring endothelial barrier integrity. The device overcomes traditional electrode fabrication challenges, providing a reliable and accurate method for studying the crucial roles of endothelial barriers in healthy and disease states.
A brain injury expert is calling for reforms to the Uniform Determination of Death Act, citing support from 83% of medical and advocacy organizations. The expert argues that the legal definition of death should align with medical standards, including clarifying what brain functions must be lost to declare someone legally dead.
Researchers found that thyroid hormones of the mother during pregnancy affect the later activity of brown adipose tissue in offspring. High maternal thyroid hormone levels were associated with more active brown fat in offspring.
The What3Words geocoding algorithm creates potential for confusing different nearby addresses, which could have serious implications in emergency situations. Simulation-based analysis highlights the need for improved spatial reasoning and algorithmic design to mitigate these risks.
A year-long clinical trial found sustained remission of polymyalgia rheumatica in 28% of patients taking sarilumab, compared to 10% of those on placebo. The treatment showed promise in reducing relapse and improving outcomes for patients tapering their steroid medication.
Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI) developed a high-efficiency multistage thermoelectric module, surpassing traditional single-stage modules by over 3% in efficiency. This innovation has applications beyond space exploration, including industrial waste heat recovery and temperature control of electric vehicle batteries.
Researchers developed a new type of laser using Dirac-vortex photonic crystal lasers on silicon, offering high performance and robustness. The discovery paves the way for next-generation silicon-based photonic integrated circuits.
A new study has discovered microfossils resembling modern-day algae that lived in the oceans during the Cambrian Period, around half a billion years ago. The findings suggest that early animals were evolving to feed on plankton, starting a predator-prey relationship that continues to this day.
Research found that nematodes can sense danger by smell, triggering a neural circuit that induces a response in other tissues, leading to a longer lifespan and less protein aggregation. The study suggests that manipulating perceptions of chemical substances could be a route to intervention in neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers at ETH Zurich analyze Mars' seismic data and computer simulations to determine the planet's interior structure. They discover a layer of liquid silicate (magma) about 150 km thick between the core and mantle, contradicting initial estimates of the Martian core's density.
Researchers at Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences have developed a system that uses atomic vacancies in silicon carbide to measure the stability and quality of acoustic resonators, which could improve communications and offer new control for quantum computing. The technique also allows for acoustically-c...
Researchers created a rapid assessment tool, FAST, to estimate the depth of flooding and population exposure. The analysis estimated adaptation costs between $1.5-$3.6 billion for 7.4 million people affected by 1-2 meters of flood depth.
A study by Nagoya University found that children with a genetic predisposition to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) used screens for longer periods. Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) also increased their screen time as they grew older, suggesting a potential link between genetic risk and excessive screen use.
A randomized clinical trial involving 126 patients found that landiolol did not prevent organ failure in those with established septic shock. The study concluded that this beta-blocker is not a suitable treatment option for managing tachycardia in these patients.
A study shows pigeons tackle complex problems using associative learning and error correction, similar to AI models. Researchers used an AI model to replicate the pigeons' behavior, finding strong evidence for the similarities between pigeon and AI learning mechanisms.
A randomized clinical trial of 524 trauma patients found that adding sigh breaths to mechanical ventilation did not increase ventilator-free days. However, prespecified secondary data suggest that sighs are well-tolerated and may improve clinical outcomes in this patient population.
A first-ever study of wartime deepfakes examines the effects of artificially manipulated audio-visual content on news media and user trust during the Russian-Ukrainian war. The research found that fears of deepfakes often undermine users' trust in authentic footage, and efforts to raise awareness may even cause more harm.
Researchers used seismic data to locate and identify a thin layer of molten silicates overlying Mars' metallic core. The discovery reveals a denser and smaller Martian core, aligning with other geophysical data and analysis of Martian meteorites. This finding provides new insights into how Mars formed, evolved, and became a barren planet.
Researchers investigating sihek health have found that female birds are at greater risk for death and disease than males. The study also highlights reproductive diseases as a major threat to the species' survival, with females succumbing to these diseases more frequently.
A collected sample of 30 million Indian tweets revealed 2% containing misogynistic language, with rates rising during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study used a taxonomy to classify online misogyny and measured its prevalence in India.
Older Black Americans are more likely to receive low value acute diagnostic tests than older White Americans, while older White Americans were more likely to receive low value screening tests and treatments. These differences persisted within health systems and were driven by differential treatment within the system.
A study in sustainable-use reserves found local game species abundance decreases about 5 kilometers from nearest human community. Human impact on biodiversity is mitigated by management strategies, supporting community-based wildlife management for food security and conservation.
A new study suggests that combining therapeutic touch and music can significantly improve sleep quality, reduce menopause symptoms, and enhance overall quality of life in women undergoing menopause. The study involved over 100 menopausal women who experienced significant improvements after four weeks of treatment.