A study published in JAMA Pediatrics found that children infected with the Omicron variant of COVID-19 remained infectious for a median of three days after testing positive. The researchers suggest that five-day isolation policies may be more than sufficient to prevent transmission, but further research is needed.
A recent study published in Annals of Internal Medicine found that both nurse practitioners (NPs) and physicians are similarly likely to inappropriately prescribe medications to older patients, with an average of 1.7 inappropriate prescriptions for every 100 prescriptions written. The authors suggest that use of clinician-level perform...
A team of University of Waterloo researchers has developed bio-compatible and non-toxic hydrogel composites using sustainable cellulose nanoparticles derived from plants. The tiny robots have the potential to conduct medical procedures, such as biopsy, and cell and tissue transport in a minimally invasive fashion.
NTU Singapore has expanded its research collaborations with French partners to push the boundaries of science. The university has inked six new partnerships and renewed existing collaborations across various fields, including quantum physics, nuclear energy, and sustainability.
Researchers saw a major pathologic response in over half of surgical specimens from patients treated with neoadjuvant pembrolizumab. The treatment shrank over half of advanced melanomas, according to exploratory analyses presented at the European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress 2023.
Scientists uncover evidence of long-term resident populations of mice living at extreme elevations in the Andes. Genetic and radiocarbon analysis reveals a species of leaf-eared mouse thriving above 6,000 meters, challenging previous assumptions about mammalian life on Earth.
A new multitarget stool RNA test, ColoSense, has been shown to detect colorectal neoplasia with high sensitivity and comparable specificity to existing molecular diagnostic tests. The test also demonstrated significant improvement in sensitivity relative to the fecal immunochemical test.
A study of 142,000 live births found that maternal mRNA COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy was associated with reduced risks of severe neonatal morbidity, neonatal death, and intensive care unit admission. No increase in hospital admissions or readmissions up to age six months was observed.
Researchers established normative values for VJ and SR tests in a diverse Chinese population. Males exhibited an upward trajectory in VJ values until the age of 18, while females maintained stable levels until early adulthood. The findings provide valuable tools for gauging muscle function and detecting health-related issues.
A study published in CANCER reveals that individuals with diabetes, especially those with diabetic complications, have a higher risk of dying early from colorectal cancer. Patients with complicated diabetes had an 85% higher odds of death from any cause and 41% higher odds of death from cancer.
The University of Cincinnati Cancer Center will support up to nine early-stage researchers with up to $80,000 in funding each over three years. This Institutional Research Grant aims to mentor junior faculty and advance cancer research.
Researchers at Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center are testing a novel diagnosis and treatment combination for painful diabetic neuropathy using spinal cord stimulation and small fiber nerve activity measurement. The approach has the potential to provide effective pain relief and potentially reverse neuropathy reversal.
Researchers developed a novel 'pseudo cell' formulation using self-healing microcapsule-loading exosomes to treat diverse vitreoretinal diseases. The treatment demonstrated therapeutic benefits in both murine and nonhuman primate models, offering potential for improved patient compliance.
Geologists at Utrecht University reconstructed the history of lost continent Argoland, which was fragmented into microcontinental shards. The team found that Argoland is still present, albeit in fragments, beneath the islands of Indonesia and Myanmar, revealing a puzzle that fits seamlessly between neighboring geological systems.
Mycena fungi have been found to be consistently present in the roots of living plant hosts, suggesting an evolutionary leap from saprotrophic decomposers to invasive species. They also exhibit early signs of mutualism with trees, exchanging nitrogen for carbon and working together to benefit their hosts.
The study found that soil biota and their networks are easily altered by the soil environment, cultivation history, and crops. The research team applied DNA metabarcoding to analyze changes in soil organisms associated with crop growth, revealing distinct prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities and networks.
Sara Debus-Sherrill received supplemental funding from the County of Alameda to develop and deliver a training academy for community-based organizations serving justice-involved youth. The Elevate Academy will provide critical services to these youth, addressing their unique needs and promoting successful reintegration into society.
Kevin Ramseur, a George Mason University doctoral student in clinical psychology, will receive funding through the APA Minority Fellowship Program. The $27,144 award will support his research from October 2023 to September 2024.
Researchers from Drexel University's Autism Institute found that most TikTok videos providing information on autism were inaccurate or overgeneralized. Healthcare professionals' content was more likely to include accurate information, while personal experience-based videos were not coded in the study.
Researchers identify immune cells responsible for some hard-to-treat asthma cases, particularly in men who develop asthma later in life. These cells can cause severe inflammatory responses and do not respond to treatment.
A retrospective cohort study found that Black, lower SES, and publicly insured teens are at higher risk of major complications after scoliosis surgery. These disparities also affect pre-operative care, including rates of brace prescription and second opinions.
A new study finds climate change is increasing the likelihood of toxic blue-green algae blooms in US lakes, which can damage human livers and kill wild and domestic animals. Researchers used EPA data from 2,804 lakes collected between 2007 and 2017 to predict toxin spikes.
A research team from the University of California - Davis Health has identified a crucial epitope on the CD95 receptor that can trigger programmed cell death in cancer cells. This finding could lead to improved cancer treatments and potentially enhance CAR T-cell therapy for solid tumors like ovarian cancer.
Researchers developed a novel photonic processor with adaptive neural connectivity, allowing for the creation of complex artificial neural networks. The system utilizes waveguide-coupled phase-change material to create almost 8,400 optical neurons that can adapt their connections through synaptic and structural plasticity.
Researchers identified high levels of silica nanoparticles in kidney tissue of patients with chronic kidney disease. Exposure to sugarcane ash and rice paddies' burning is linked to the disease, suggesting a toxicant released by agricultural activities.
The project, funded by a $927,203 grant, uses virtual reality and machine learning to identify misconceptions in quantum information science. UCF will develop desktop and smartphone versions of QubitVR for broader impacts, aiming to empower students and professionals to harness the power of quantum computing.
Researchers have described two new species of pygmy squids, Idiosepius kijimuna and Kodama jujutsu, found in Okinawa's coral reefs. These tiny creatures are threatened by human activities such as climate change, overfishing, and land reclamation.
A new study published in JAMA Pediatrics found that infants born to mothers who received an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy had lower risks of severe health outcomes, neonatal death, and NICU admission. The study also showed no increase in newborn and six-month readmissions to the NICU.
Researchers at LIGO have developed a significant advance in quantum squeezing technology, allowing them to measure undulations in space-time across the entire range of gravitational frequencies detected by LIGO. This breakthrough boosts the observatory's ability to study exotic events and detect about 60 percent more mergers than before.
Researchers investigate delivery timing and fees influencing consumer food choices, aiming to develop methods for healthier purchases. The study's findings will inform future policy to support low-income households and improve nutrition security.
Researchers found 13 mummified leaf-eared mouse cadavers atop 4-mile-high volcanoes, with DNA analysis revealing a distinct population from lower-altitude mice. The discovery suggests the rodents ascended without human assistance and have adapted to extreme conditions.
An international research team discovered sharks have the lowest mutation rate between generations, enabling slow adaptation but also making them vulnerable to ecological changes and extinction threats
Researchers at UC Riverside successfully engineered a plant to turn beet red in the presence of a banned pesticide, enabling an environmental sensor without damaging its native metabolism. This breakthrough opens up possibilities for detecting other toxic substances like drugs and birth control pills in water supply.
Researchers are designing joint 3D solid-state learning machines inspired by the brain's hippocampus region. The project focuses on developing a hippocampal-aware framework for enhancing chip design and enabling online learning in resource-constrained environments.
Researchers from BSC and CSIC have developed an artificial protein capable of degrading PET micro- and nanoplastics with efficiency between 5 and 10 times higher than current PETases. The protein can be used as filters to purify or recycle plastics, offering a potential solution to environmental pollution.
Alem & Narayanan receive $2,495,244 from the National Institutes of Health to enhance safety and quality of BSL-3 laboratory practices and create two new research cores in high containment. The grant will accelerate vaccine and therapeutic drug discovery and improve understanding of infectious disease transmission and pathogenesis.
A new study by Carnegie Mellon University reveals that individuals with strong communication skills and expertise are more likely to be chosen as central members of a network. As a result, teams that choose their own central member perform better than those with randomly assigned members. The study highlights the critical role of commu...
A study by Medical University of Vienna found that AI algorithms in smartphone applications perform well in diagnosing pigmented skin lesions, but are outperformed by doctors in treatment decisions. The 7-class algorithm showed equivalent diagnostic accuracy to experts, while the ISIC algorithm performed worse.
Individual and social factors contribute to lack of preparedness for wildfires, including financial constraints, time, and physical limitations. Homeowners' associations can also inadvertently make properties more vulnerable to fires by promoting materials that burn easily.
Researchers developed the DANGER analysis tool to overcome challenges in CRISPR gene editing. The tool assesses on- and off-target effects without a reference genome, quantifying phenotypic risk at the gene ontology level. This breakthrough enables safer strategies for genome editing in various organisms.
A clinical trial shows that a combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab can reduce cancer recurrence in liver cancer patients by one-third after curative-intent resection or ablation. The therapy has improved recurrence-free survival rates compared to active surveillance, offering new hope for these patients.
Researchers found that apoptotic cells induce apoptosis in neighboring hair follicle cells during the regression cycle. The study proposes a mathematical model of the hair follicle regression cycle, which suggests that the dermal papilla plays an essential role in initiating apoptosis.
The NYSCF – Robertson Stem Cell Investigator Awards support promising early career scientists with cutting-edge research, providing $1.5 million over five years for seed funding. The latest cohort includes three talented researchers who will join the thirteenth class of NYSCF – Robertson Stem Cell Investigators.
A research team developed a new mechanism to make water droplets slip off surfaces, creating the slipperiest liquid surface in the world. The discovery challenges existing ideas about friction between solid surfaces and water, opening up new avenues for studying droplet slipperiness.
Physicists investigate systems of self-propelled particles whose speed depends on orientation, discovering a series of new effects, including spontaneous cluster formation with permanent flow and programmable shapes. The findings have practical importance for technical applications, such as realising programmable matter.
Researchers at Northwestern University and Field Museum analyzed lunar crystals to determine the Moon's age, finding it to be approximately 4.46 billion years old, 40 million years older than previous estimates. This discovery sheds light on the Moon's formation and its impact on the Earth's planetary system.
A University of Alberta study of superdeep diamonds provides previously unknown information about the formation and transport of diamonds within Gondwana, a ancient supercontinent. The research reveals that diamonds were transported to the base of Gondwana by host rocks carrying subducted mantle material.
Researchers developed an immunodriven strategy to increase nanoparticle penetration through tumor vascular basement membranes, enhancing therapeutic effect. By breaking through the BM barrier, NPs can deliver drugs more effectively, increasing treatment efficacy.
A phase III pivotal trial evaluating cabozantinib in advanced neuroendocrine tumors demonstrated significant improvements in median progression-free survival (PFS) compared to placebo. The study met its primary objective for both cohorts of patients, providing encouraging news for those with progressive disease.
Researchers developed online machine learning models that can accurately predict wastewater influent flow rates under changing data patterns. The models outperformed conventional batch learning approaches, providing reliable tools for wastewater management and propelling the development of wastewater intelligence.
Researchers evaluate the latest applications of single-atom catalysts in five challenging 'holy grail' reactions, achieving selective production of valuable chemical products. Advanced spectroscopic techniques and DFT calculations help understand reaction mechanisms and structure-activity relationships.
The INTERLACE trial found that a short course of induction chemotherapy prior to chemoradiation significantly improves survival and reduces recurrence in locally advanced cervical cancer patients. The study results show a 35% reduction in recurrence, with 80% of patients alive and 73% without cancer return or spread after five years.
Scientists from Central South University develop a novel approach to address bacterial infection in bone transplantation by enriching H2O2 and amplifying the Fenton reaction. The technique enhances biocompatibility and safety, promising reduced transplant failures and post-operative complications.
The high-quality Bougainvillea genome assembly provides new insights into the species' evolutionary history, genetic duplication events, and pigment biosynthetic pathways. The study's findings suggest that bract coloration requires high levels of expression for the betacyanin biosynthetic pathway.
The study predicts thermal conductivity of bridgmanite and post-perovskite at high pressure and temperature, clarifying heat flow distribution and magnitude at the core-mantle boundary. The team obtained a heat flux of 7.1 ± 0.5 TW, which is significant for understanding Earth's coupled core-mantle evolution and geodynamo operation.
A recent study has found that 'hot model' climate projections for China have been overestimating the rate of warming. The research team developed an efficient method to correct this issue, resulting in projected temperatures 1.29 ℃ lower than initial estimates for the end of the 21st century.
A new drug, cabozantinib, has shown positive results in a clinical trial involving patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors. The study found that patients treated with cabozantinib survived significantly longer without their disease worsening compared to those who received a placebo. This novel treatment strategy targets angiogenes...
Researchers at George Mason University are studying the impact of assistive wearable technology on work success for adults with autism spectrum disorders and ADHD. The project aims to improve subjective and objective markers of work success using a smartwatch application that monitors performance and intervenes with prompts.
A clinical trial has shown that combining chemotherapy with immunotherapy nivolumab significantly improved outcomes in patients with advanced bladder cancer. The study found nearly twice as many patients with no evidence of disease after treatment, and a median complete response of 37.1 months.
A new study reveals that many hospitals fail to accurately post their standard charges online, with significant discrepancies found when comparing phone prices. The research compared prices for vaginal childbirth and brain MRI at 60 US hospitals and found missing data for over half of the hospitals.