A randomized clinical trial found that telephone-based cognitive behavioral therapy (tele-CBT) significantly reduced binge eating, emotional eating, and depression/anxiety symptoms in individuals after bariatric surgery. However, short-term weight outcomes were unaffected by tele-CBT.
A new study led by Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center identified a 64-protein pattern that predicted ovarian tumor responsiveness to treatment. This diagnostic could identify patients with types of ovarian cancers that would not benefit from standard therapies, allowing them to pursue clinical trials instead.
A groundbreaking analysis of historical DNA links tens of thousands of living individuals to enslaved and free African Americans at Catoctin Furnace. The study provides a new way to complement genealogical efforts and restore ancestral histories for African American communities.
Research reveals a local mechanism in neurons that enables insulin-like growth factors to facilitate brain plasticity. IGF release is necessary for activating the IGF1-Receptor during synaptic plasticity, leading to neuron growth and strengthening.
A population genetics team identified genetic relationship between 23andMe users and enslaved Africans in Catoctin Furnace, Maryland. The researchers consider ethics of sharing results with descendants and other relatives, highlighting importance of proper consent and minimizing harm.
Scientists have developed a new liquid metal coating that can treat and kill bacteria, offering a potential solution to the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance. The coating, made from gallium liquid metal particles, has improved biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity, making it safe for human cells.
A recent study by Indiana University researchers found that an e-health and telehealth-based collaborative care intervention had a significant impact on patients with depression. The intervention resulted in a 43% reduction in depressive symptoms among participants, compared to only 17% in the usual primary care group.
Researchers at Penn State have discovered a safe and efficient way to create cyclopropanes, key features in many drugs, using a previously undescribed chemical process. The new method uses visible light and common ingredients to transform alkenes into cyclopropanes with no carbene intermediate.
A NUS study reveals how Wnt signalling regulates colour patterns in butterfly wings, with different ligands and receptors controlling specific areas. The researchers used CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to test the function of pathway members, showing that they interact and regulate each other.
A new study by Dr. Amin Ghaziani and Andy Holmes found that people are deeply ambivalent about coming out, with awareness of generational differences playing a key role. The researchers conducted in-depth interviews with 52 adult Vancouverites about their experiences coming out over the last five years.
Researchers unveil a novel signaling pathway that fosters chronic metabolic disorders through aged adipocyte dysfunction. Impaired BCAA catabolism in adipose tissues accelerates aging, while selective inhibition of CRTC2 or PPAR gamma activation may hold potential to inhibit aging and extend health span.
A study published in Stroke found significant disparities in stroke risk factors between Black and non-Black adults. However, after one year of intensive medical intervention, some risk factors were reduced in Black adults.
A new study reveals that the receptor PIEZO2 in sensory neurons plays a crucial role in controlling gut motility and transit time. This finding has significant implications for understanding gastrointestinal disorders and developing therapeutic applications.
A radiomic-based model using T2-weighted MRI data achieved high accuracy in diagnosing pediatric Crohn disease, outperforming expert radiologists. The model was ensembled with clinical data to further improve performance.
A new Lancet study reveals persistent disparities in mortality rates among five racial-ethnic groups and 3,110 US counties from 2000 to 2019. Cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms were the leading causes of death, with significant gaps between racial-ethnic groups.
A new study found an increase in precocious puberty diagnoses among girls during the COVID-19 pandemic due to poor lifestyle changes. Girls with higher body mass index scores were more likely to be diagnosed with early puberty, suggesting a link between rapid weight gain and advanced pubertal development.
Researchers discovered that PYY prevents the fungus Candida albicans from turning into its more dangerous form while allowing commensal yeast forms to flourish. This peptide functions as an antimicrobial agent, playing a vital role in maintaining fungal commensalism in the gut.
Insilico Medicine's inClinico platform uses generative AI to predict Phase II to Phase III clinical trial success with an accuracy of 79%. The tool has been validated in various studies and can provide valuable insights for investors and biotech/pharma companies.
A recent study by GEOMAR researchers found that fluctuations in the Labrador Sea can significantly influence the strength of sinking processes east of Greenland. This phenomenon affects the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), a crucial climate system that brings warm water from the Gulf of Mexico to Europe.
Researchers discovered that electrons flow through the bulk of a special type of insulator, rather than at the edges, using magnetic imaging. This finding provides new insights into electron behavior in quantum Hall insulators and informs the development of topological materials for next-generation quantum devices.
Researchers found that hydrothermal vents were active at shallow depths, releasing larger quantities of methane and carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This discovery has significant implications for understanding past climate warming events.
A new study revealed that people in the UK have facial skin with more DNA damaged from the sun than those in Singapore, leading to a higher risk of developing keratinocyte skin cancers. This is despite lower UV light exposure levels in the UK.
The Access to Advanced Health Institute has received an $18 million award from the NIH to develop a temperature-stable, single-dose chikungunya RNA vaccine candidate. The vaccine uses innovative RNA platform technology to protect against the virus, which causes debilitating joint and muscle pain in endemic areas.
A study of 1.4 million birthing person–infant pairs in the U.S. suggests that most pregnancy-specific alcohol policies are not effective in reducing infant injuries or morbidities. The findings challenge policy makers' assumptions about the impact of such policies on infant health.
A new study from Wake Forest University School of Medicine found that changes in the gut microbiome significantly impact cocaine use and cravings after withdrawal. The researchers discovered that a depleted microbiome led to increased cocaine-seeking behavior and altered neurobiological markers in reward-related brain structures.
Recent advances in medical treatments for obesity offer hope for a turning point in the disease. However, these new weight-loss drugs face challenges, including high costs and potential health disparities that disproportionately affect marginalized communities.
The University of Tennessee Extension will host a series of workshops across the state to help agricultural producers navigate labor management. The workshop series aims to improve the economic sustainability of labor-intensive farming operations in Tennessee by reducing risks associated with attracting and retaining agricultural labor.
Researchers at Arizona State University successfully demonstrated the use of MicroED to analyze a DNA crystal, overcoming limitations of X-ray crystallography. The technique, combined with cryo-FIB milling, enables work with smaller crystals, opening opportunities for understanding RNA structure and developing novel nanotechnologies.
Researchers analyzed ancient DNA from 27 colonial Africans interred at the Catoctin Furnace to connect with 23andMe data, revealing 40,000+ living relatives and insights into the lives of enslaved individuals.
Researchers found a U-shaped effect on profit margins due to the relationship between reducing costs, developing new processes, and innovating products. Initially, firms focus on cost reduction, but as robot adoption increases, they shift to product innovation, leading to higher profits.
Gray mold is a fungus that causes billions of dollars in crop losses each year, but researchers have discovered a way to control it without using toxic chemicals. The discovery reveals that gray mold uses lipid 'bubbles' to deliver RNA molecules that silence plant immune systems.
Researchers successfully deployed CAR-T therapy in a mouse model of ovarian cancer, demonstrating strong anti-tumor effects even at late stages. The treatment was highly effective, shrinking or eliminating tumors after just one dose and continuing to work for months without major side effects.
A University of Minnesota-led study found that long-term consumption of aspartame and saccharin is associated with increased volumes of visceral, intermuscular, and subcutaneous adipose tissue. The researchers recommend considering alternative approaches to artificial sweeteners due to potential health consequences.
A team of researchers, led by MSU's Mehr Un Nisa, used the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory to detect gamma rays emitted by the sun with unprecedented brightness. These high-energy particles, known as gamma rays, were found to be surprisingly abundant and have a energy level of 1 trillion electron volts.
Researchers propose GABA-modulating treatments as potential therapeutic targets for depression's cognitive and affective symptoms. The study highlights the importance of GABA-A receptors in regulating balance and signals between neurons, and suggests compounds that promote or inhibit these receptors may alleviate depressive symptoms.
Researchers found all hallmarks of T cell exhaustion within six to 12 hours of tumor exposure, including dramatic changes in gene expression and chromatin accessibility. The study challenges existing ideas about how T cells become exhausted and has implications for cancer immunotherapies.
The CMS Innovation Center has launched a new dementia care and payment model that provides comprehensive support for patients with dementia and their unpaid caregivers. The Guiding an Improved Dementia Experience model aims to improve quality of life, reduce caregiver strain, and delay nursing home placement.
Researchers discovered that adult trees in a Panamanian forest are much more far apart than expected, likely due to species-specific enemies and repulsion between trees. This finding helps bridge the gap between contrasting theories on how forests are shaped.
Researchers found that social media algorithms prioritize 'Prestigious, Ingroup, Moral, and Emotional' (PRIME) information, which can lead to extreme political content being amplified. To address this, the study proposes increasing user awareness of algorithmic biases and introducing more diverse content in feeds.
A study by Case Western Reserve University researchers found that traditional coaching approaches can hinder growth by focusing on immediate problems. Instead, they recommend helping individuals develop a clear vision of their ideal self, leading to increased positive emotion, openness to new ideas, and sustained intrinsic motivation.
Scientists at PNNL developed a new technique to detect denial-of-service attacks, which improved detection accuracy by 90% compared to current methods. The technique focuses on the evolution of entropy, a measure of disorder in a system, and is automated, requiring minimal computing power or network resources.
Researchers have successfully created nano-sized rings using sandwich complexes, which consist of two aromatic organic rings filled with a central metal atom. The new compound, called cyclocene, exhibits unique properties and is expected to expand the toolbox of organometallic chemistry.
Researchers from Finland and international partners applied the doughnut model to transport, finding that it can help balance social and environmental needs. The study highlights the need for metrics that consider both travel time and wider effects on the environment.
A TENS machine has shown promise as a treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea, improving breathing and reducing daytime exhaustion in patients. The device is a cheaper and less invasive alternative to CPAP, which can be uncomfortable and lead to sleep deprivation.
A mixed-method approach can help overcome challenges in determining compensation awards for Indigenous communities affected by resource developments, expropriation, and environmental accidents. The methodological approaches focus on quantifying social and cultural losses, addressing the neglect of these impacts in formal assessments.
Researchers create accurate tumor models using 3D bioprinting and a bioink made from Laponite, improving bonding and cross-linking capabilities. The study shows that Laponite enhances biological signaling in the tumor microenvironment, increasing cell viability and promoting anti-tumor drug development.
Researchers discovered that STING, a critical immune regulator, can act as an ion channel to control immune responses. This new function allows STING to translate danger signals into ion flow, activating various defense mechanisms.
Researchers at Tohoku University found that the geomagnetic field plays a crucial role in protecting the Earth's lower atmosphere from harmful effects of electron precipitation. The study reveals that the mirror force caused by the magnetic field deflects relativistic electrons upwards, reducing their impact on the ionosphere.
A protein found in bacteria activates its enzymatic activity by up to 10,000 times when exposed to blue light, acting like an on-off switch. This discovery could lead to enhanced and optimized optogenetic tools and medical treatments.
Researchers found that all 22 babies achieved a reduced sensitivity to peanuts after completing the treatment. After an oral food challenge, 91% of them could tolerate peanuts without triggering any allergic reactions.
A study in Brazil found that 35.4% of restaurants on a popular food delivery app are 'dark kitchens' with no direct contact with consumers, serving mainly Brazilian food at lower costs. The research highlights health and safety issues, consumer perceptions, and the need for legal viability to ensure sanitary inspection.
Scientists have identified five distinct subtypes of sensory neurons in the colon that carry signals to the brain, with different subtypes responding to gentle and intense forces. This discovery could lead to a better understanding of gastrointestinal conditions and inform the development of more effective therapies.
A study by Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health found that chronic exposure to fine particulate air pollutants (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) may increase non-lung cancer risk in older adults, with significant associations with colorectal and prostate cancers.
A new study has found that children raised in rural areas with plenty of outdoor time and animal exposure develop better-regulated immune systems than urban counterparts. Early life immune development is highly dependent on living environment and lifestyle factors, and researchers say this can have long-term consequences for disease risk.
New study reveals pervasive within-species spatial repulsion in adult tropical trees, challenging conventional understanding of species coexistence. The results suggest that competition among conspecifics drives this phenomenon, enabling the exceptionally high diversity of tropical forests.
Researchers uncover thousands of small-bodied fossils in southwestern Manitoba, revealing connections to fossil localities in South Dakota and Kansas. The discovery supports the existence of a three-part vertebrate community zonation for the Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway during the early to middle Turonian time period.
A study examining 2.2 million news stories shared on Facebook found that low-credibility publishers focused on politics, while high-credibility ones covered a wider range of topics. The researchers discovered two distinct ecosystems: one for each type of publisher.
A new Harvard-led research suggests that the thymus, often considered expendable in adults, actually plays a crucial role in maintaining adult immune health and preventing cancer. The study found that patients who had their thymus removed had a nearly threefold higher risk of death from various causes, including cancer.
Researchers developed a precise crosslinking method to impart elastic recovery to ferroelectric materials. The new material combines elasticity with high crystallinity, offering broad application prospects in wearable electronics and smart healthcare.
UK researchers have developed an evidence-based action plan to address the substantial under-representation of PhD students from ethnic minority backgrounds in postgraduate science studies. The study highlights three areas for improvement: student-facing improvements, admissions procedures, and evaluation processes.
A study published in Nature found no link between the pancreatic microbiome and the development of pancreatic cancer, contradicting earlier findings that suggested a potential method for preventing the disease. The researchers reanalyzed data from an original study and used pancreatic cancer tissue samples to confirm their results.
A new study published in Nature highlights the importance of mineral iron in regulating the cycling of this bio-essential nutrient in the ocean. The findings show that iron levels are largely controlled by the clustering of iron oxide colloids, rather than organic molecules called ligands.
The study found that team composition changes significantly affect a new venture's ability to innovate. After adjusting for lost and gained experiences, the findings suggest that turnover has a net positive effect on innovation. Reflective episodes during membership transitions can stimulate creativity and spur innovation.
Research reveals Kama'ehu volcano in Hawaii has erupted five times in the past 150 years. The new study uses mass spectrometry to measure radium-226 in lava samples, revealing a frequency of eruptions around 30 years. This slower rate is linked to sluggish mantle upwelling on the margin of the Hawaiian plume.
Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Yale Cancer Center uncover epigenetic mechanism driving resistance to osimertinib in EGFR-mutant lung cancer. Blocking SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes reverses resistance, suggesting new therapeutic strategy
Researchers from Osaka University found that fibroblasts in cholesteatoma tissues express activin A, a protein causing local bone erosion. This discovery may lead to new treatments for managing cholesteatomas.
A new-generation geostationary satellite study reveals widespread midday depression in dryland photosynthesis during the 2020 western US heatwave. Diurnal photosynthesis dynamics show a shift towards earlier morning hours, resulting in decreased daily GPP.
Engineers have developed a new membrane that separates chemicals from wastewater, allowing for reuse and extraction of valuable by-products. The membrane's unique properties, inspired by mussels, can separate salts and other chemical components with unprecedented efficiency.
Researchers at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem developed an innovative system of 'artificial molecules' made from two coupled semiconductor nanocrystals, achieving fast and instantaneous color switching. This breakthrough enables new possibilities in displays, lighting, and nanoscale optoelectronic devices with adjustable colors.
Researchers at NUS and Imperial College London have discovered a new way bacteria share genes, enabling rapid evolution. Lateral cotransduction enables SaPIs to transfer themselves intact with bacterial DNA, making them potent transducing agents.
Developed by NIMS and Tokyo University of Science, the new electric double layer transistor operates 8.5 times faster than existing transistors, enabling faster AI processing and potential applications in event prediction, image recognition, and more. The innovation sets a new world record for neuromorphic computing performance.
A modelling study published in Scientific Reports found that search-and-rescue operations did not drive migrant crossing attempts in the central Mediterranean. Factors such as conflict intensity, commodity prices, and natural disasters appeared to be key drivers of migration across the region.
Researchers found that immune system T cells become dysfunctional or 'exhausted' within six to 12 hours of encountering a tumor, challenging existing ideas about the process. This discovery has implications for cancer immunotherapies and may lead to new targets for preventing or reversing T cell exhaustion.
Researchers at Florida State University have identified a low-cost method to predict dementia risk by analyzing data from nearly 13,000 subjects. Interviewer ratings of a person's memory performance were found to be strongly associated with the likelihood of developing dementia over a 15-year period.
Between 1990 and 2019, US coronary heart disease mortality rates declined, but slowed significantly since 2011. The study found that eliminating smoking, drinking, and obesity could have prevented half of the deaths observed during this period.
A new grant aims to decipher how diverse breast cancer tumors influence cancer cells' ability to resist treatment. By studying this phenomenon, researchers hope to uncover novel targets for more effective therapies.
Researchers develop nanofilms that mimic the nanostructures of butterfly wings, creating vibrant colors without absorbing light. These films can be used on buildings, vehicles, and equipment to reduce energy consumption and preserve color properties, with potential applications in energy sustainability and carbon neutrality.
Researchers have identified a novel therapeutic target for pelvic pain in endometriosis by focusing on the IL-1β pathway and its regulation via the JNK signaling pathway. This study suggests that JNK inhibitors may be effective in reducing neuroinflammation and alleviating symptoms of endometriosis-associated pain.
Scientists have synthesized proton-conductive membranes based on partially fluorinated aromatic ionomers, which exhibit high durability and ion conductivity. These membranes outperform existing ones in fuel-cell operation, chemical stability, and mechanical properties, paving the way for more powerful and affordable electric vehicles.
Researchers developed a free-standing LiPON film that promotes uniformly dense lithium metal electrochemical deposition under zero external pressure, opening the door to lithium metal solid-state batteries. The new approach yields fresh insights into LiPON's properties and interfaces.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have identified a fatty molecule in breast milk that triggers a process in which stem cells produce new white matter, reversing neurological damage. This finding holds promise for developing therapies to treat preterm babies with cerebral palsy.
Researchers have identified a diverse range of dopamine neurons that control movement, contradicting the long-held assumption that they only respond to rewards. The study sheds new light on Parkinson's disease, which affects motor skills despite the loss of dopamine neurons.
Macquarie University engineers have developed a new technique to make nanosensors using a single drop of ethanol, bypassing the need for high temperatures. The method improves efficiency and responsiveness, opening up new possibilities for the trillion-dollar global industry.
A Monash University study using roundworms found that certain foods, such as apples and herbs, can help protect against brain function deterioration. The researchers discovered that a molecule present in these foods, ursolic acid, causes a gene to turn on, making a specific type of fat that prevents axon fragility.
A University of Ottawa-led research team has made significant progress in understanding XLP-2, a genetic disorder that affects the immune system. The study reveals two underlying mechanisms: poor expression of Interleukin-6 and compromised T cell survival, which lead to immunodeficiency in patients.
A pooled data analysis of 32 studies found that women who experienced childhood trauma were 37% more likely to have pregnancy complications than those who didn't. The risk of pregnancy-related diabetes, antenatal depression, underweight or premature babies, and preterm delivery was also significantly higher.
Research reveals that DNA shape features, such as stretches, twists, and tilts, underlie variations in mutation rates across the human genome. The study suggests that these structural properties are conserved across species and play a crucial role in regulating gene expression.
A new study published in Genes & Diseases investigates the role of Metformin in reducing HMGB1-mediated oxidative stress in periodontitis. The research found that Metformin attenuates alveolar bone resorption and activates autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR pathway.
A pooled data analysis found that at least 25 minutes/day of slow walking can counteract the negative effects of bed rest on older hospital patients. Daily 50 minutes of slow walking or a mix of physical activities is even more effective in improving their functional capacity.
The seventh cohort of Innovation Crossroads aims to develop transformative energy technologies. Cohort 7 fellows are creating innovative solutions for plastic waste recycling, energy storage, and wind turbine blade production.
Deep learning methods significantly improved protein design success rates by 10-fold using AI-augmented pipelines and machine learning software tools AlphaFold 2 and RoseTTA fold. The study successfully generated accurate models of protein structures, paving the way for new discoveries in fields like cancer and COVID-19 research.
A new study reveals that analyzing surface temperature anomalies without correcting for long-term warming trends can lead to biased detection and characterization of marine heat waves. By removing the trend from data, researchers can distinguish between transient changes and actual shifts in heat wave properties.
Researchers studied 21 lowland meandering rivers on Earth and ancient Martian riverbeds to understand how climate change impacts river sinuosity. The study found that variable-sinuosity rivers continue changing, while constant-sinuosity rivers reach a steady state.
The GEMINI blood test uses machine learning to identify cancer-causing mutations in single molecules of cell-free DNA. The test detected over 90% of lung cancers, including stage I and II cases, in a proof-of-concept study published in Nature Genetics.
A new study found that drug manufacturers, particularly competitors of Purdue Pharma, increased their opioid marketing efforts after the company's 2007 lawsuit. The study analyzed data from over 670,000 physicians and found a 160% increase in promotional spending on competing opioids.
Researchers have discovered a 64-protein signature that can predict which ovarian cancer patients are unlikely to respond to chemotherapy, paving the way for personalized treatment options. The study also identifies five new subtypes of high-grade serous ovarian cancer, suggesting different treatment strategies may be needed.
Researchers found that African ancestry patients with dilated cardiomyopathy have fewer clinically actionable variants in DCM genes compared to European ancestry patients. The study enrolled 1,198 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, revealing a racial imbalance in genetic trials for heart failure.
Researchers have discovered an unusual Jupiter-sized exoplanet, TOI-4860 b, orbiting a low-mass star in the Corvus constellation. The planet is enriched with heavy elements and takes about 1.52 days to complete its orbit, making it a 'Warm Jupiter'.
A joint research team from City University of Hong Kong and collaborators developed a stable artificial photocatalytic system that mimics natural chloroplasts to convert carbon dioxide into methane, a valuable fuel, very efficiently using light. The new system achieved a highly efficient solar-to-fuel efficiency rate of 15%, surpassing...
Researchers discovered a pair of genes whose expression by immune cells in tumors is linked to patient outcomes and controls human cancers. The study identified a gene expression ratio that predicts tumor behavior and potential therapy targets, offering new insights into cancer treatment.
Researchers are creating synthetic microbiomes to protect aquatic environments from bacteria, improving shrimp health and reducing the risk of disease in aquaculture farms. The team is collaborating with farmers in Ecuador to develop new microbial communities that will increase resistance to pathogenic bacteria.
A new study published in Strategic Management Journal finds that when parent firms identify and implement ideas internally, they outperform spinouts. The probability of survival for spinouts is about 64% at age three, compared to 59% for new establishments of parent firms, which closes the gap by age seven