Researchers from Trinity College Dublin have made significant discoveries on how lung cells respond to influenza viruses, identifying two key molecular pathways that trigger the release of cytokines and cell death. These findings hold promise for treating people affected by such viruses.
Researchers found that insects like American cockroaches use the mushroom body to encode behavioral decision-making based on sensory information. The study challenges the prevailing view of insect cognition, suggesting a more complex brain function than previously thought.
Researchers estimated higher-than-expected genetic mutation rates in baleen whales, reducing pre-exploitation abundance estimates by 86%. The findings suggest that the low cancer rates among these species may not be related to a low mutation rate.
Researchers at HKUMed uncovered a novel intercellular interplay between tumour cells and endothelial cells initiated by sEV-vWF, facilitating liver cancer development and metastasis. The study suggests a potential therapeutic approach by blocking sEV-mediated tumour-endothelial communication.
Researchers have developed a human milk-based synbiotic that safely modulates damaged adult gut microbiomes. The study found that this symbiotic reshapes gut microbial composition and metabolites, offering new possibilities for treating dysbiotic conditions.
Scientists have developed a new approach to study molecular behavior in confined spaces, allowing for real-time tracking of individual molecules within nanofluidic structures. This breakthrough enables the use of single-photon emitters as nanoscale probes, providing unprecedented insights into molecular properties and behaviors.
A new study from the University of Surrey found that artificial methods for growing lettuce produce twice the amount of the crop as traditional field-based methods. This leads to increased yields with CEA systems producing double the yields compared to field-based agriculture, and up to 300% faster production rates in summer periods.
A massive genetic study has identified specific DNA changes that increase the risk of developing epilepsy. The research found 26 distinct areas in our DNA involved in epilepsy and proposed alternative drugs targeting these genes. The findings may inform better diagnosis, classification, and treatment strategies for epilepsy.
A new blood-based test called p-tau217 has shown great promise in identifying Alzheimer's disease by stratifying patients into low, intermediate, and high-risk groups. The two-step workflow reduces the need for confirmatory testing in uncertain cases.
A novel liquid biopsy technology developed by UCSC Assistant Professor Daniel Kim's lab leverages RNA 'dark matter' to enhance cancer diagnosis. The test detects both protein-coding and repetitive noncoding RNAs in the blood, showing improved sensitivity for early-stage cancer detection.
Researchers have experimentally observed nonlinear photonic disclination states in waveguide arrays, which can enhance nonlinear effects and enable stable lasing. These findings may lead to new ideas for developing compact optical functional devices.
Researchers found that antioxidants activate a mechanism forming new blood vessels in tumor cells, which can help them grow and spread. The study suggests that dietary supplements containing antioxidants may accelerate tumour growth and metastasis in cancer patients.
A new global observatory is needed to guide conservation efforts due to unprecedented biodiversity loss. The Global Biodiversity Observing System (GBIOS) aims to combine technology and data from around the world to foster collaboration and share urgently needed data.
Researchers have developed infrared avalanche photodiodes using bulk and 2D materials, offering improved detection efficiency and flexibility in heterostructure design. The devices exhibit exceptional capabilities such as mechanical flexibility and strong light-matter coupling.
Researchers used electrical noise stimulation to improve mathematical skills in participants with lower brain excitability, but found no benefits for those with high excitement levels. The study suggests that this non-invasive technique may be more effective for individuals who need extra stimulation to learn.
Researchers are developing an autonomous robot to identify potential pipeline leaks and structural failures during subsea inspections, reducing costs and risk. The SmartTouch technology uses stress wave-based smart touch sensors, video cameras, and scanning sonars to inspect flange bolts and detect corrosion.
The new system allows robots to push objects multiple times until a sequence of images are collected, segmenting all the objects in the sequence. This reduces the potential for mistakes by learning more about each item with its RGB-D camera.
A recent study reveals Arctic soil methane uptake may be greater than previously believed. Methane consumption increases under dry conditions and with labile carbon substrates' availability. High-latitude warming affects atmospheric methane uptake to a lesser extent than associated large-scale drying.
The research team created a multi-spectral, super-low-dose photoacoustic microscopy system with improved sensitivity, enabling new applications and clinical translation. The system achieved up to capillary-level or sub-cellular resolution at greater depths than traditional optical microscopy methods.
Researchers at Penn State have discovered a molecular mechanism that enables efficient hydrogen spillover, which could lead to the development of new clean energy technologies. The breakthrough provides insight into how hydrogen activation and storage can be achieved without significant energy losses.
A review article confirms neurofilament light (NfL) blood levels can predict the severity and rate of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. High NfL levels are correlated with brain damage, cognitive decline, and increased risk of developing the disease.
A novel study published in The Lancet finds that redo TAVR with balloon-expandable valves is both safe and effective for select patients who require a repeat procedure. The study, led by Cedars-Sinai, showed no difference in death or stroke rates between redo and first-time TAVR at 30-day and one-year marks.
A team of researchers used the Subaru Telescope to discover 162 quasars in the early universe, including 22 that lived less than 800 million years old. The observation provides insights into the origin of supermassive black holes and their relationship with galaxies.
A recent study reveals sepsis is as prevalent as cancer, with a staggering 20% of cases resulting in death within three months. The researchers advocate for enhanced diagnostic methods and increased public awareness to address the growing epidemic.
Research found that climate warming and eutrophication lead to divergent responses in phytoplankton and zooplankton, causing a mismatch in elemental ratios. The study discovered that the interplay of these stressors can reverse the stoichiometric imbalance.
The analysis of balms used to preserve ancient Egyptian noblewoman Senetnay's organs reveals a complex composition with imported ingredients, indicating her high social status. The presence of specific compounds, such as larixol and dammar, suggests that different balms were used for different organs.
A randomized trial involving 811 undergraduate students found that collaborative learning and student engagement significantly improved calculus concept understanding and grades. The study, conducted over three semesters, used an engagement model that cultivates mathematical habits of mind, resulting in a 11% increase in pass rates.
A new study by North Carolina State University found that artificial intelligence performs better when it chooses diversity over lack of diversity. The AI was able to increase its accuracy up to 10 times more than conventional AI in solving complicated problems.
University at Buffalo researchers have unraveled the complex biological phenomena underlying human temperature and pain sensitivity. They found a previously unknown 'suicidal' reaction in ion channel receptors that enables them to sense heat and pain, leading to potential breakthroughs in pain management.
A new project by JooYoung Seo at the University of Illinois School of Information Sciences aims to make data curation more accessible for everyone, regardless of abilities. The three-year grant will connect multimodal data representation with day-to-day reproducible workflows, enriching understanding and offering multiple perspectives.
A new article published in RadioGraphics warns of a potential side effect of novel Alzheimer's treatments: amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA). ARIA can cause swelling or bleeding in the brain and may be asymptomatic. Radiologists must monitor for ARIA to plan image monitoring per established guidelines.
Researchers analyzed ancient coastal habitats from the last Ice Age to predict future changes with a predicted sea level rise of this century's projected rate. Tidal marshes and mangroves are vulnerable to rising seas, but can adapt up to 1.5C of warming.
A UNIGE team has developed a method to rapidly obtain valuable information about the structure of volcanoes. By analyzing three key parameters: height, rock thickness, and chemical composition of magma, scientists can identify the active volcanoes most likely to produce large-scale eruptions.
Researchers discovered magnetic field transport in accretion flow and MAD formation near a black hole, resolving long-standing mysteries. The study reveals the first direct observational evidence for a magnetically arrested disk (MAD) through multi-wavelength observations.
Researchers at State University of Campinas found that coconut oil supplementation led to significant alterations in food intake, weight gain, and anxious behavior in mice. The study suggests that long-term consumption of coconut oil can contribute to the development of obesity and associated comorbidities.
Agricultural flash droughts are anticipated to become more frequent due to climate shifts, driven by changes in temperature, relative humidity, and soil moisture levels. Hot spots for flash drought development have been identified in Europe, South America, and southern Africa.
Researchers at UMass Amherst are investigating the connection between PFAS chemicals and breast cancer. They will examine data from postmenopausal women to determine if PFAS concentrations are associated with less breast tissue involution, which may increase breast cancer risk.
A new Australian study found that implementing simple bone-strengthening strategies throughout the community can lead to a substantial decrease in hip fractures. The study analyzed data from over 3000 individuals aged 60+ and showed a 45% decline in hip fractures despite only a 3% increase in bone mineral density.
Researchers at EPFL developed a novel system integrating 2D semiconductors and ferroelectric materials to create faster, more efficient electronics with brain-inspired operations. The technology enables significant energy reduction and advanced functionalities, including synaptic neuron function within the same device.
Researchers from the University of Groningen created a synthetic system that exhibits eco-evolutionary dynamics, where replicators adapt to their environment and undergo natural selection. The system consists of two different ring sizes that compete for a common building block, with one replicator emerging as dominant in certain enviro...
A team of researchers at Dartmouth's Geisel School of Medicine has been awarded a $16.2 million grant to study inequities in healthcare for adults with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias, with a focus on racialized and marginalized populations. The five-year renewal grant will explore how intersecting identities affect treatment...
Researchers have developed a Principal Odor Map (POM) that models the connections between an odorant's chemical structure and its perceptual property. The map performs as well as trained human sniffers in describing odor quality, enabling the prediction of odor intensity and similarity.
Autophagy helps protect cardiomyocytes from damage caused by anthracycline drugs like Doxorubicin. The study found that a protein regulator called ER-phagy alleviates Dox-induced cardiomyopathy, promoting cell survival.
A randomized clinical trial of psilocybin treatment found a clinically significant sustained reduction in depressive symptoms and functional disability. The study's findings support the potential of psilocybin as a novel intervention for major depressive disorder when administered with psychological support.
Researchers at the University of Illinois are exploring how gut microbe communities impact broccoli's health benefits. They plan to identify which microbes maximize the benefits and develop custom probiotics to help people with lower-efficiency microbial communities.
A genomic model by Wangjie Hu and colleagues reveals a severe population bottleneck in human ancestors between 800,000 and 900,000 years ago, with only 1280 breeding individuals surviving. The decline coincided with climate changes, droughts, and glaciations, resulting in the loss of 98.7% of the ancestral population.
Researchers at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine identified distinct genomic events responsible for resistance to anti-BCMA and anti-GPRC5D immunotherapies in multiple myeloma. Mutations in the extracellular domain of BCMA impede T-cell binding without affecting protein expression or downstream signaling.
Researchers at Shanghai Jiao Tong University have developed a new scattering matrix method that can sculpt light output with minimal optimization time. The method offers unparalleled nonlinear scattered light control, enabling high-resolution scanning microscopy and particle trapping through dense, scattering media.
Researchers at Michigan State University have found that over half of Campylobacter jejuni infections in Michigan are caused by antibiotic-resistant strains, which can lead to severe complications and death. The study's findings highlight the importance of food hygiene and safety, particularly in rural areas where exposure to animals a...
By controlling the arrangement of multiple layers within crystals, researchers can tune the materials' optoelectronic properties and emit light of specific energies. This technique has significant implications for applications such as LEDs, solar cells, and lasers.
Liver fibrosis development is driven by various factors, including metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. CD8+ T cells play a significant role in activating hepatic stellate cells, which produce scar tissue.
Patients with cancer had disparate COVID-19 mortality rates during the winter Omicron wave compared to the general US population. The study suggests that immune-evasive SARS-CoV-2 variants pose a significant threat, requiring prioritized efforts to prevent transmission.
A new study from the University of Washington and Polar Bears International reveals a direct link between cumulative greenhouse gas emissions and polar bear demographic changes. The study shows that reducing greenhouse gas emissions can help protect polar bears, with implications beyond just this species.
Research based on the Trøndelag Health Study found that people in good physical shape fill fewer prescriptions for anxiety and depression medications. The study suggests that improving physical fitness can help prevent anxiety and depression, with men experiencing greater benefits from exercise than women.
Conservation gardening can help address declining plant biodiversity in Germany by planting vulnerable species, with 988 out of 2,350 Red List species suitable. This approach could be expanded globally to boost biodiversity.
A new study found that nearly half of dog owners in the US hold negative views about vaccinating their pets, citing safety and efficacy concerns. This hesitancy is linked to public mistrust in human vaccines during the pandemic, posing serious public health implications for both animals and humans.
A new study by University of Missouri biochemist Steven Van Doren reveals the fusion peptide's crucial role in virus attachment and cell penetration. This research could inform the development of more effective vaccines capable of fighting all types of coronavirus infections.
A Rutgers-led study found that marine heat waves have minimal lasting effects on fish communities. Fish populations can find safe havens by moving to areas with cooler water during heat waves, but the impacts vary and are unpredictable.
A new field campaign, CoURAGE, will investigate the influence of surface-atmosphere interactions around Baltimore, Maryland, on its climate. The campaign aims to provide sound evidence for climate change mitigation options, such as urban greening, and partner with neighborhoods that have been historically neglected.
A study published in Frontiers in Neuroscience found that the activity of zygomaticus major, heart rate variability, and EEG indicators can predict film scores. The researchers used a machine learning model to analyze physiological data from 21 participants who watched short films and rated them on a scale from 1 to 10.