Researchers created a self-supervised AI model called GedankenNet that learns physics laws and thought experiments to reconstruct microscopic images. The model successfully reconstructed human tissue samples and Pap smears from holograms without relying on real-world experiments or data.
A study found that out-of-pocket costs for medication are a significant barrier to treatment, with those facing the highest daily costs having a higher risk of discontinuing their treatment. Researchers call for buprenorphine to be added to the list of clinically approved preventive services to alleviate the opioid crisis
Restoration of longleaf pine woodlands enhances stream flow while conserving an endangered ecosystem, addressing two pressing conservation issues. This approach promotes 17% more streamflow on average and 92% higher streamflow during droughts.
A human antibody that targets carfentanil, fentanyl, and related opioids has shown promising results in reversing overdose effects in a preclinical study. The antibody, developed by Scripps Research, binds tightly to the potent opioid variants and reverses respiratory depression caused by carfentanil.
Researchers investigated hcp-iron rheology at high pressure and temperature using deformation experiments. The study suggests the equatorial growth or translation mode model is dominant in the Earth's inner core, with an estimated viscosity of ≥ 10^19 Pa s.
Researchers at the University of Exeter have identified a Roman road network spanning Devon and Cornwall using LiDAR scans and geographical modelling. The network, which connected settlements with military forts, reveals that North Tawton was a strategically vital connection point.
Approximately 1 in 5 adults with past-year opioid use disorder received medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD), highlighting disparities in uptake. MOUD disparities affect Black adults, women, unemployed individuals, and those in nonmetropolitan areas.
A study found that small-molecule autocatalytic reactions can lead to the growth and division of compartments, mimicking cell reproduction. The reaction triggers the formose reaction, which consumes formaldehyde and produces glycolaldehyde, allowing compartments to grow and divide under external influence.
A preclinical study demonstrates the effectiveness of VIR-3434 in preventing viral dissemination and reducing viral particles in a mouse model for HBV/HDV coinfection. The monoclonal antibody neutralises all known genotypes of HBV and HDV, providing a potential new option for treating chronic hepatitis B and D.
Researchers identified a mechanism regulating tumor growth in the skeleton, which decreases with age and can result from hormonal changes or chemotherapy. Mineralization of bone matrix reduces tumor cell growth and promotes genes associated with better patient prognosis.
Amarda Shehu is leading a collaborative research project at George Mason University, using deep learning and experimentation to generate controlled properties in molecules. The project aims to address challenges in molecular biology, including resistant bacteria, with potential applications in antimicrobial compounds.
A team of researchers has successfully created a high-performance graphene-dielectric interface using a novel technique called UV-assisted atomic layer deposition. This breakthrough results in uniform atomic layer deposition without compromising graphene's properties, leading to improved electrical performance and reduced defects.
Researchers have exposed trap-assisted Auger-Meitner recombination as a major loss mechanism in blue and UV light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This phenomenon leads to higher loss rates compared to phonon-mediated processes, affecting device efficiency.
A randomized crossover trial involving 195 adults showed that using a regular cuff size resulted in inaccurate BP readings. The study emphasizes the need for individualized cuff selection to ensure accurate blood pressure measurements.
A team of researchers from China and the UK has discovered that a group of ancient marine reptiles used whale-like filter feeding methods 250 million years ago. The Hupehsuchus skull shows adaptations similar to baleen whales, including grooves and notches along the jaws.
A new study published in JNCCN found that the adoption of clinical research results led to a significant increase in the use of shorter adjuvant chemotherapy periods, with CAPOX becoming more widely used. The study also revealed disparities in treatment patterns, with Black patients being more likely to receive shorter chemotherapy reg...
A team of researchers developed a novel method that leverages temporal characteristics of blood pulse to estimate heart rates with improved accuracy, especially in scenes with ambient light fluctuations. The proposed method showed a 36.5% improvement in estimation accuracy compared to conventional methods.
A study found that only 22% of people with opioid use disorder received evidence-based medication treatments in 2021. Telehealth services were associated with a significantly increased likelihood of receiving these life-saving medications.
Researchers have proposed an explanation for the ion-specific properties of ion hydration in water-based solutions, revealing that ions with lower charge density interact with more water molecules. This result has broad applications across multiple disciplines, including chemistry, biology, and materials science.
A miniature human heart model, approximately half a grain of rice in size, has been developed to transform drug testing and cardiovascular research. This self-paced, multi-chambered model provides real-time measurements of essential parameters, enabling unprecedented insights into heart function and diseases.
Researchers created a nanocomposite of hexagonal and cubic boron nitride, which exhibits unexpected thermal and optical properties. The composite's low thermal conductivity makes it suitable for heat-insulating electronic devices, while its second-harmonic generation property is larger than expected after heating.
Researchers found that the hypothalamus, a key region controlling appetite, is larger in individuals who are overweight or obese compared to those with a healthy weight. The study suggests that increased volume may be linked to inflammation and altered hormone regulation.
Moderate and vigorous aerobic physical activity combined with muscle-strengthening activity may lower mortality risk. Higher levels of moderate and vigorous aerobic activity are associated with lower cancer and all-cause mortality rates.
Rice University scientists have developed a tiny, flexible spinal probe system that can record high-quality data from spinal cord neurons and provide localized stimulation. The new tool aims to improve our understanding of spinal cord function and potentially bring new hope to patients with injuries or conditions.
A team of researchers at the University of Florida has developed a new method for recycling plastics that promises to reduce energy requirements without sacrificing quality. This breakthrough approach uses chemical recycling and depolymerization, which can produce recycled plastic with similar or better properties than the original mat...
A meta-analysis of multiple studies found no association between depression and anxiety and most types of cancer. However, the study found a link between depression and anxiety with a 6% higher risk of developing lung cancer and smoking-related cancers.
A new study found that providing visual information about terms and conditions after purchase improves understanding and memory, with reading times increasing by 41-162% and comprehension improving by 14-21%. Researchers recommend combining textual and visual cues to improve transparency in online consumer transactions.
The NYU Tandon School of Engineering has been awarded a $1.2 million grant from the National Science Foundation to develop new technologies for securing the digital legal supply chain. The project aims to protect official laws and legal information from cyberattacks and malicious actors.
A new study by Northwestern University found that non-Hispanic Black individuals have a significantly higher rate of pre-term births compared to non-Hispanic white individuals. Pre-pregnancy cardiovascular health and social determinants of health explain racial differences in preterm birth rates.
Researchers have discovered a gene, B5, in Egyptian cotton that confers powerful resistance to bacterial blight. The gene enables strong resistance to the disease under Oklahoma field conditions and accumulates high amounts of defense chemicals.
Researchers at the University of Oklahoma's Natural Products Discovery Group have identified a broad-spectrum antifungal molecule called Percephacin. This breakthrough treatment shows promise for treating fungal infections that are resistant to existing treatments.
A new analysis shows that social media facilitated information flow across a controlled media ecosystem, while face-to-face communication remained key. The study highlights how UPND's online messaging resonated with users, portraying Hakainde Hichilema as an electorally viable alternative to President Edgar Lungu.
A study by Osaka Metropolitan University found that working in a shared space while performing craft activities boosts parasympathetic activity, leading to relaxation. The parallel group condition showed higher parasympathetic activity compared to the individual alone condition.
A new study highlights the difficulties in identifying and categorizing domestic and wildcats, threatening native biodiversity conservation efforts. In contrast, New Zealanders tend to be more accepting of killing feral cats to protect native species.
A study found that climate influences the spread of polycystic echinococcosis, a neglected disease with high mortality rates, in the Amazon region. Climate factors can predict potential infection hotspots.
Researchers developed an agent-based simulation model that incorporates memory, forgetting, and sharing information among group members. The study found that agents who forgot less useful behaviors made better choices, demonstrating the importance of forgetting in social learning.
A 10-year study found that golden-crowned sparrows resettled an average of just 90 feet away from the center of their previous year's range when returning to California after winter migration. The study suggests that social bonds and familiar faces help anchor the birds to specific spaces, even when resources are scarce.
A large long-term study found exposure to high levels of air pollution is associated with increased community mental health services use among people with dementia. Reducing nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter could help free up resources in overstretched psychiatric services.
Researchers at the University of Otago have found that gluten can cause brain inflammation in mice, a discovery that may have implications for human physiology. The study showed that gluten increased the number of immune cells in the brain, leading to hypothalamic inflammation.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital developed a method to monitor critically ill patients with circulatory shock, which may help control blood pressure and heart function. The new approach uses tissue perfusion pressure to predict patient risk of death, length of hospital stay, and peak blood lactate level.
A new study found that nearly half of low-value care received by Medicare beneficiaries occurs outside of their health systems. Factors such as advanced age, gender, and geographic location are associated with higher risk of receiving out-of-system low-value care.
A study by University of Illinois researchers found that individuals' own behavior influences their expectations and treatment of others. Generous people tend to reward generous behavior, while selfish individuals punish generosity. This research has practical relevance to social interactions and decision-making.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis discovered that wildfires emit dark brown carbon, a potent climate-warming particle that absorbs solar radiation. This finding has broad implications for climate models and highlights the need to revise existing approaches to account for the unexpected effects of brown carbon.
A new study reveals significant gaps in knowledge of Asian bee species, highlighting the need for more resources to build basic scientific knowledge of bee biodiversity. This knowledge is crucial for managing and maintaining bee diversity, pollination, and food security in Asia.
A new American Heart Association science advisory emphasizes the need for more resources and best practices in pediatric preventive cardiovascular care. The survey found that many programs are overwhelmed with referrals and have long wait times, highlighting the importance of updated guidelines and strategic action plans.
Researchers discovered that tectonic plate breakup is the main driving force behind diamond-rich magmas and eruptions from deep inside the Earth. The team's findings could shape the future of diamond exploration, informing where diamonds are most likely to be found.
The International Association of Bioethics has proposed a framework to guide the selection of future conference sites, including those with anti-LGBTQ+ laws. The framework identifies multiple values and principles at stake, aiming to broaden conversation within bioethics about international conferencing ethics.
Researchers have discovered that Heliconius butterflies can learn spatial information at large scales, suggesting complex learning skills may be more common in insects. The findings provide the first experimental evidence of spatial learning in any butterfly or moth species.
Researchers used a mathematical theory called the free energy principle to predict how real neural networks learn and organize themselves. The study successfully mimicked this process in rat embryo neurons grown in a culture dish, demonstrating the principle's guiding force behind biological neural network learning.
Researchers at Q-MEEN-C discovered non-locality in quantum materials, allowing for complex interactions and memory-like functionality. This breakthrough enables simpler and more efficient devices that mimic brain functions, potentially surpassing current AI capabilities.
The widespread use of insecticides for malaria control has unintended consequences, including the development of resistance in other disease-carrying arthropods. This can lead to the spread of overlooked and dangerous tropical diseases. Understanding the behavior and insecticide susceptibility status of these organisms is crucial to pr...
A new study reveals that trumpetfish can conceal themselves by swimming closely behind another fish while hunting, reducing the likelihood of detection. This unique strategy, known as 'shadowing', uses a non-threatening species of fish as camouflage to approach prey.
Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute developed an AI-based tool, OncoNPC, that uses tumor gene sequencing data to predict the primary source of a patient's cancer. The model improved survival outcomes and enabled more targeted treatments for patients with cancers of unknown primary.
A new study reveals a high incidence of youth with cardiovascular risk factors but inadequate resources to provide preventive care. Pediatricians and policymakers must address these gaps by investing in pediatric preventive cardiology and increasing collaboration between programs.
Researchers discovered CYP450s exhibit unique soft-robotic properties, acting as sensors and responding to stimuli. The findings open up new avenues in soft-robotics research, potentially revolutionizing fields like AI design and nanomachine synthesis.
Researchers at Uppsala University developed a new method to identify mutations in childhood brain tumors, medulloblastoma. The study found that these mutations can affect how cancer cells respond to certain drugs, suggesting a potential for precision medicine.
The HeXI project has completed the Conceptual Design Review and is now proceeding with the final Technical Design for a revolutionary new instrument. This will enable highly precise structure determination of pharmaceutical molecules and study small molecules like biologics, leveraging Diamond's expertise in crystallography and MX goni...
Cyanobacteria can solidify inorganic materials like CO2, making them valuable for sustainable construction. Researchers developed an additive co-fabrication manufacturing process using bacterial strains and robotics.
Researchers discovered ovarian mesenchymal progenitor cells that improve aged ovarian function and extend reproductive lifespan. By transplanting functional mesenchymal cells, the study shows an efficient approach to postpone ovarian aging.
A new quantum-classical hybrid algorithm has been developed to accelerate dynamic mode decomposition for high-dimensional time series analysis. The algorithm can operate with a small number of samples and has a quantum advantage in the analysis of high-dimensional time series.