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Science News for July 11, 2023


The correlation between the structures of bimetallic tartrate complexes in solutions for laser-induced synthesis and sensor characteristics of microbiosensors materials

Researchers discovered bimetallic tartrate complexes with unique structures, formed by insufficient ligand, leading to improved sensor characteristics for microbiosensors. The study showcases the potential of laser-induced chemical liquid phase deposition for creating nanostructures with various applications.

SourceBentham Science Publishers·JournalCurrent Organocatalysis·DateJul 11, 2023

Caesarean birth injury rates have risen for mums and babies but training and a new device could change that

A significant rise in caesarean sections in late labour has led to an increase in impacted fetal head (IFH) injuries, resulting in minor damage, lifelong consequences, or even death. New devices like the Tydeman tube and training approaches aim to improve management of this obstetric emergency.

SourceFlinders University·JournalInternational Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology·TypeSystematic review·DateJul 11, 2023

Navigating underwater inspired by migratory animals

A team of scientists has developed a novel underwater geolocation technique inspired by migratory animals' navigation methods. They trained a deep neural network to predict geolocation from underwater angle of polarization images collected with an omnidirectional lens, achieving superior accuracy in low-visibility waters and at night.

New study finds U.S. military veterans living in discriminatory ‘redlined’ areas suffered higher rates of cardiovascular disease

A new study by researchers at Case Western Reserve University found that US military veterans living in historically discriminatory 'redlined' areas had a higher risk for heart attacks and other cardiovascular issues. The study used data from 80,000 veterans with pre-existing cardiovascular disease, revealing a 14% increased likelihood...

SourceCase Western Reserve University·JournalJAMA Network Open·TypeObservational study·DateJul 11, 2023

A better understanding of turbulence

Scientists at Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization have challenged long-held assumptions about turbulent flows, finding deviations from established scaling laws in highly idealized environments. This discovery has implications for understanding turbulence in engineered flows, weather forecasts, and climate models.

SourceMax Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization·JournalPhysical Review Letters·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 11, 2023

Sticky, slippery, water repellent channels form maze-like, gravity-powered biomedical devices

Researchers at Duke University have developed a new approach to building point-of-care diagnostic devices that uses gravity to transport and mix liquid droplets. The device relies on commercially available surface coatings that can tweak the wettability and slipperiness of the channels, allowing for complex fluid paths to be designed.

SourceDuke University·JournalDevice·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 11, 2023

University of Limerick, Ireland research reveals that lower levels of physical activity can protect against depression among older adults

Research from University of Limerick reveals that even moderate daily physical activity can lower the risk of depressive symptoms and major depression among older adults. Studies showed that doses equivalent to 20 minutes a day of moderate-intensity physical activity were associated with reduced risk of depression, highlighting the imp...

SourceUniversity of Limerick·JournalJAMA·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateJul 11, 2023

Scientists developed 180% relative bandwidth microwave absorber by ultrafast UV laser

Researchers developed a new approach to create a wideband microwave absorption metamaterial using ultraviolet lasers, achieving high absorption performance and control over electrical and magnetic properties. The process enables mass production of complex structures without post-treatment.

SourceInternational Journal of Extreme Manufacturing·JournalInternational Journal of Extreme Manufacturing·DateJul 11, 2023

The materials of future transistors

Researchers have successfully developed a new oxide material that can control its conductivity at an atomic level, a significant advancement towards creating more efficient switches. This breakthrough aims to tackle the challenges of miniaturizing transistors and improving their performance.

SourceTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology·JournalAdvanced Functional Materials·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 11, 2023

Machine learning helps identify the cause of an old phenomenon in meat tenderness

Researchers used machine learning algorithms to explain how calpain-1 activity is modified on the molecular level, finding that lipid peroxidation products like MDA and HNE can increase or decrease activity. The study provides new insights into protein modification and its role in meat tenderness.

SourceUniversity of Connecticut·JournalJournal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 11, 2023

Insomnia affecting younger worker productivity

A new study by Flinders University found that 22-year-old workers with clinical sleep disorders, primarily insomnia, suffer up to 40% greater productivity loss in the workplace. This translates to a lost productivity of about four weeks compared to those without sleep disorders.

SourceFlinders University·JournalThe Medical Journal of Australia·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateJul 11, 2023

The incredible journey of clownfish larvae: Mini athletes, maximum performance

Researchers investigated the role of thyroid hormones in coordinating the metamorphosis of clownfish, discovering a strong interaction between metabolic processes and hormone regulation. Thyroid hormones play a critical role in timing the transformation and supporting energy demands during the journey.

SourceOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) Graduate University·JournalCell Reports·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 11, 2023

3D-printed facet-attached microlenses (FaML) could overcome photonic packaging challenges

Researchers have demonstrated a new approach to photonic packaging using 3D-printed FaMLs, which can be printed with high accuracy to connect optical components. This method relaxes alignment tolerances and enables passive assembly techniques, opening an attractive path towards scalable and flexible photonic system assembly.

The ground is deforming, and buildings aren’t ready

A Northwestern University study links underground climate change to shifting ground beneath urban areas, causing building foundations and surrounding ground to move excessively and crack. The researchers also found that past building damage may have been caused by rising temperatures, which will continue for years to come.

SourceNorthwestern University·JournalCommunications Engineering·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateJul 11, 2023

A neurobehavioral signature of risk for mania

Researchers identified three neurobehavioral profiles that distinguish individuals with elevated mania vulnerability based on reward sensitivity and sleep-circadian characteristics. These profiles can help detect mania risk and provide targets for early interventions.

SourceElsevier·JournalBiological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging·TypeImaging analysis·DateJul 11, 2023

Can using biodegradable fishing gear help reduce the cost of ghost fishing?

Researchers from the University of Portsmouth found that biodegradable fishing gear (BFG) does not significantly reduce the cost of ghost fishing due to decreased fishing efficiency. The study suggests that implementing BFG could still have economic benefits, but only if it can achieve similar fishing efficiency as traditional gear.

SourceUniversity of Portsmouth·JournalMarine Pollution Bulletin·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateJul 11, 2023

Exploring dark matter and the first bright galaxies simultaneously: 21-cm forest probe may unlock secrets of early universe

A joint research team from Northeastern University and the National Astronomical Observatories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has proposed a novel 21-cm forest probe to shed light on dark matter and the early formation of galaxies simultaneously. By measuring the one-dimensional power spectrum of the 21-cm forest, scientists can di...

SourceChinese Academy of Sciences Headquarters·JournalNature Astronomy·DateJul 11, 2023

Damage to gut bacteria linked with chemo-induced weight gain in breast cancer patients

Researchers at the University of Alberta have discovered a correlation between chemotherapy-induced changes to gut bacteria and unhealthy weight gain in breast cancer patients. The study found that these patients gained abdominal fat and experienced inflammation, with significant changes to their gut microbiome.

SourceUniversity of Alberta·JournalBMC Medicine·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateJul 11, 2023

The moral foundations of hate speech

Researchers used Moral Foundations Theory to analyze hateful language in Nazi propaganda, social media posts, and large text corpora. They found that hate speech often appeals to idealized values such as purity and loyalty.

SourcePNAS Nexus·JournalPNAS Nexus·DateJul 11, 2023

Copper could help create clearer MRI images and improved diagnosis - study

Researchers have discovered a novel copper protein binding site that shows promise for use in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents, potentially leading to clearer images and improved diagnoses. The new structure displayed highly effective levels of relaxivity, equal and superior to existing Gd(III) agents used in clinical MRI.

SourceUniversity of Birmingham·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 11, 2023

New study debunks claims of a psychedelic cannabinoid

A University at Buffalo-led study found that THC-O-acetate produces moderate relaxation, euphoria, and pain relief, but no psychedelic effects similar to LSD or psilocybin mushrooms. The study suggests that people may overreport their experiences due to social media hype and online claims.

SourceUniversity at Buffalo·JournalJournal of Psychoactive Drugs·TypeSurvey·DateJul 11, 2023

Optical phased array to be optimized pointwise

The proposed pointwise optimization approach combines global search and accurate calibration to improve the OPA's performance in beam steering, focusing, and energy efficiency. It achieves rapid and precise phase calibration with a 53.5% increase in convergence rate and a 9.7% decrease in time consumption compared to traditional algori...

Efficient X-ray luminescence imaging with ultrastable and eco-friendly copper(I)-iodide cluster microcubes

Researchers introduce a novel class of X-ray scintillators based on monodisperse copper-iodine clusters, demonstrating remarkable sensitivity and stability. The copper-iodide cluster-based microcubes exhibit excellent scintillation performance and exceptional water resistance, making them suitable for large-area flexible X-ray detectors.

Widespread illegal trade of hazardous chemicals

A new study reveals that nearly half of traded hazardous chemicals are imported without consent, posing a significant threat to human health and the environment. The report highlights the need for strengthened national and international action to address global trade of highly hazardous chemicals.

SourceSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA)·JournalNature Sustainability·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateJul 11, 2023

Preying on hungry, anxious worms

In a new study, Salk Institute scientists discovered that dopamine regulates anxious worm behavior in the presence of nipping predators. The findings illuminate how this dopamine-regulated brain pathway may be related to anxiety and could provide insight into human conditions like PTSD.

SourceSalk Institute·JournaleLife·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 11, 2023

Decoding the impact flash

High-velocity impacts create brief, intense bursts of light known as impact flashes, containing information about the target and impactor. The shape and color of these flashes reveal details about the fragmentation process and ejecta cone formation.

SourcePNAS Nexus·JournalPNAS Nexus·DateJul 11, 2023

Increasing provincial college quota encourages academic high school enrollment

Empirical evidence suggests that opportunity for higher education is the primary determinant in choosing between vocational and academic high schools. Increasing provincial college quota encourages academic high school enrollment, particularly due to the impact of prestigious universities' admission opportunities.

SourceKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.·JournalChina Economic Quarterly International·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateJul 11, 2023

Maternal dengue fever – “compelling evidence” that even mild infections impact birth outcomes

Research from the University of Surrey and University of Birmingham finds detrimental effects of all severities of maternal dengue infections on birth outcomes, including increases in low, very low, and extremely low birth weights. Long-term consequences also include hospitalizations for children up to three years after birth.

SourceUniversity of Surrey·JournalApplied Economics·TypeObservational study·DateJul 11, 2023

Immune memory is achieved by epigenetic and topological rearrangements of DNA in immune cells

Scientists discovered epigenetic signatures in immune cells that allow for rapid activation of key genes, enabling quick recall of antigens. This rearrangement is accompanied by changes in the 3D distribution of DNA in the nucleus, which affects gene expression and could lead to new therapies for autoimmune diseases.

SourceJosep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute·JournalScience Immunology·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 11, 2023

Laser-scribed graphene for sensors

Graphene materials have excellent electrical conductivity and physical, optical, thermal, and structural properties, making them suitable for sensor applications. Laser-scribed graphene (LSG) has been developed as a promising method for fabricating high-quality graphene with low energy consumption and environmental friendliness.

New guidance: Bridging the gap between what we know and what we do

Medical organizations publish approaches for implementing infection prevention strategies that consider facility conditions, team communications, and leadership support. The guidance aims to bridge the 'knowing-doing' gap by providing practical tools and resources for successful implementation.

SourceSociety for Healthcare Epidemiology of America·JournalInfection Control and Hospital Epidemiology·TypeLiterature review·DateJul 11, 2023

Reinventing cosmology: uOttawa research puts age of universe at 26.7 — not 13.7 — billion years

A new study by uOttawa researchers proposes a revised cosmological model that stretches galaxy formation time, making the universe 26.7 billion years old. This finding addresses the 'impossible early galaxy problem' and provides a more feasible explanation for the advanced level of development observed in ancient galaxies.

SourceUniversity of Ottawa·JournalMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society·DateJul 11, 2023

Will you take ruthenium with your tea or coffee?

The study by Lionel Delaude and François Mazars has shown that combining a para-cymene ligand with an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand derived from caffeine or theophylline produces highly effective catalysts. These eco-friendly catalysts reduce the carbon footprint of chemical processes, making them more sustainable.

SourceUniversity of Liège·JournalOrganometallics·DateJul 11, 2023

University of Illinois study finds turning food waste into bioenergy can become a profitable industry

A new study from the University of Illinois finds that converting food waste into energy and bioproducts can be profitable in Illinois. The study analyzes supply chain logistics and technological and economic factors to determine the feasibility of this solution.

SourceUniversity of Illinois College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences·JournalJournal of Cleaner Production·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateJul 11, 2023

For prematurely born infants, cow colostrum can be used to supplement mother´s own milk

New studies show cow colostrum can reduce infant formula use and strengthen mother's milk in premature babies, providing essential nutrients like amino acids. Researchers hope to optimize cow colostrum product for critical first few weeks after birth.

SourceUniversity of Copenhagen - The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences·JournalClinical Nutrition·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateJul 11, 2023

Tiny scales reveal megalodon was not as fast as believed, but it had a mega-appetite explaining its gigantism

A new study reveals that Megalodon, the iconic extinct shark, was not as fast as believed but had a mega-appetite that explained its gigantism. The discovery of tiny scales found in rock pieces surrounding fossil teeth suggests that Megalodon used its warm-bloodedness to promote visceral food processing and absorb nutrients.

SourceTaylor & Francis Group·JournalHistorical Biology·DateJul 11, 2023

AI can accurately predict potentially fatal cardiac events in firefighters

Researchers at NIST and their colleagues used machine learning to identify abnormal cardiac rhythms in firefighters, achieving 97% accuracy. The Heart Health Monitoring model could lead to a portable heart monitor to detect early warning signs of heart trouble and prevent fatal cardiac events.

SourceNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)·JournalFire Safety Journal·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 11, 2023

U of M Medical School receives DARPA award to develop detection tools for early symptoms of depression, psychosis and suicidality

Researchers at the University of Minnesota Medical School are developing tools to detect early symptoms of depression, psychosis, and suicidality using biomarkers and advanced technologies. The project aims to provide early prevention and detection, potentially saving lives by intervening earlier in a condition's trajectory.

THE LANCET HAEMATOLOGY: Experts urge governments to take immediate actions to provide basic levels of care for people with sickle cell disease, as recent study suggests global mortality burden is nearly 11 times higher than recorded

A recent study suggests that the global mortality burden of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is approximately 11 times higher than previously recorded, with an estimated 376,000 deaths in 2021. The Commission highlights the need for increased funding and access to treatments such as hydroxyurea, blood transfusions, and malaria prevention meth...

SourceThe Lancet·JournalThe Lancet Haematology·DateJul 11, 2023

Missing a rare cause of hereditary cancer

Researchers identified methylation in normal tissues in some patients with mismatch repair deficiency, leading to undiagnosed Lynch syndrome. This study suggests revising current screening guidelines to include this poorly recognized cause of hereditary cancer.

SourceCedars-Sinai Medical Center·JournalJournal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network·TypeNews article·DateJul 11, 2023

Satisfaction with online dating app depends on what you’re looking for

A new study by Stanford Medicine researchers found that many Tinder users are not swiping for dates, but rather for social connectedness, entertainment, or to cope with negative emotions. The study suggests that online dating is an ineffective coping mechanism for mental health challenges and recommends addressing underlying issues ins...

SourceStanford Medicine·JournalCyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking·DateJul 11, 2023

Amazon in the firetrap: Deforestation and warming lock rainforest in dry and damaged grassland state

A new study finds that fire can lock large parts of the Amazon in a treeless state, preventing 56-86% of the Amazon from regrowing. Global warming and deforestation damage the forest's moisture recycling process, enabling a self-reinforcing feedback loop of forest loss.

SourcePotsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)·JournalNature Communications·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateJul 11, 2023

The structure of a protein bound to DNA reveals how the toxicity of the cholera bacterium is activated

The study of ToxR's protein structure bound to DNA has revealed how it triggers cholera toxin production. The research provides insights into the molecular mechanism behind Vibrio cholerae's virulence, shedding light on potential treatments for this disease.

SourceInstitute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 11, 2023

Genome sequencing nearly twice as effective as a targeted gene-sequencing test at diagnosing genetic disorders in newborns and infants

A new national study found whole genome sequencing to be nearly twice as effective as a targeted gene sequencing test at identifying genetic disorders in newborns and infants. The targeted panel missed 40% of diagnoses that WGS captured, while also revealing 134 new genetic diagnoses.

SourceTufts University·JournalJournal of the American Medical Association·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 11, 2023

Orexin influences pupil size

Researchers at ETH Zurich discovered that orexin neurons directly influence emotional state through pupil size. This finding opens new avenues for medical treatment and diagnosis of sleep disorders like narcolepsy and other neurological conditions.

SourceETH Zurich·JournalNature Neuroscience·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 11, 2023

The science behind skipping stones

The study of fluid dynamics involved in forming horizontal air cavities and the transition between floating and skipping, reveals complex interactions at the air-water interface. The pulling angle plays a significant role in shaping hydrodynamics, with larger angles resulting in different air-cavity lengths and skipping distances.

SourceAmerican Institute of Physics·JournalPhysics of Fluids·DateJul 11, 2023

Lanthanide complexes with d-f transition: new emitters for single-emitting-layer WOLEDs

Researchers have discovered new lanthanide complexes that can be used as emitters in single-emitting-layer WOLEDs. These complexes eliminate energy transfer between host materials and emitters, enabling efficient white electroluminescence with controllable doping concentrations. The findings could simplify device design and fabrication...

Student loan debt may make mental health issues worse

A new study from the University of Georgia found that student loan debt is associated with high levels of depression, stress, and worrying thoughts. The research analyzed over 85,000 social media posts and found that users who expressed negative emotions about their loans were more likely to experience mental health problems.

SourceUniversity of Georgia·JournalJournal of Evidence-Based Social Work·DateJul 11, 2023

Generative AI ‘fools’ scientists with artificial data, bringing automated data analysis closer

A new AI technology has been developed to generate artificial scientific data, allowing for faster and more efficient detection of material features. The AI uses generative adversarial networks to incorporate background noise and experimental imperfections into the generated data, making it virtually indistinguishable from real data.

SourceUniversity of Illinois Grainger College of Engineering·Journalnpj Computational Materials·DateJul 11, 2023