New research from Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences reveals that coccolithophores can survive in low-light conditions by taking up dissolved organic forms of carbon. This finding challenges current understanding of the biological and alkalinity pumps driving carbon transport in the ocean.
A recent study published in Calcified Tissue International found that heavy drinkers are at risk of muscle loss and frailty. The research, which analyzed data from the UK Biobank, suggests that consuming 10 units or more of alcohol per day can lead to lower muscle mass, even when adjusted for body size and other factors.
Researchers have designed tiny self-propelled robots that can deliver prescription drugs to hard-to-reach places inside the human body. The microrobots are capable of traveling at incredible speeds and could provide relief for bladder disease patients by releasing medication over a longer span of time.
Scientists from the University of Colorado School of Medicine have made a significant discovery about the origin of paired appendages, a major evolutionary step that has been debated for over 100 years. The research team found that cells from the lateral plate mesoderm contribute to both heart development and limb formation.
Researchers have identified potential targets for COPD treatment through high-resolution epigenetic profiling of lung fibroblasts. Early epigenetic changes in the genome of COPD fibroblasts may trigger aberrant signaling pathways leading to impaired functions, suggesting new therapeutic avenues.
A Danish nationwide cohort study found that COVID-19 patients, especially those over 70, had a significantly higher risk of developing new-onset mental disorders compared to the general population. Hospitalized COVID-19 patients showed increased mental disorder risk similar to non-COVID-19 hospitalizations.
Researchers have found that spiny mice possess bony plates called osteoderms in their tails, a feature previously thought to be exclusive to armadillos. The discovery reveals that osteoderms can emerge and disappear multiple times in vertebrates throughout evolution.
Increasing physical activity, particularly daily 20-minute walks, can improve cardiovascular health and reduce disparities in heart health. Despite this, only one in four American adults meet the recommended physical activity levels, with certain groups facing additional barriers to accessibility.
A recent study found that high temperatures are a significant factor in human migration, causing heat-related illnesses and death. The research also highlights the vulnerability of marginalized communities to temperature extremes.
The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) collects reports of adverse events after vaccination, but public confusion about its nature and reports has increased. A new report recommends renaming the system to a clearer alternative and making additional changes to reduce misinterpretation.
A new poll shows that three-quarters of people aged 50-80 have used at least one patient portal, with lower rates among those with lower incomes or physical/mental health concerns. Portal users prefer online access over phone calls for some tasks, but some still face barriers to using the platforms.
Researchers found that isosorbide mononitrate and cilostazol can safely improve debilitating outcomes after lacunar stroke. The two drugs were even more effective when used in combination, with participants showing significant improvements in thinking and memory skills, as well as quality of life.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital discovered that the epigenetic landscape plays a crucial role in regulating pioneer transcription factor binding. By understanding this process, scientists can develop new therapeutics to combat cancer and other diseases. The study reveals how epigenetic modifications affect transcri...
The PARIS Test, a CLIA-certified drug sensitivity assay, uses patient-derived tumor organoids to screen an array of drugs and develop personalized treatment reports. Ibrutinib, a BTK inhibitor approved only for certain leukemias and lymphomas, was identified as the optimal treatment for a patient with ovarian cancer.
A study by CNIC researchers reveals that gamma-linolenic acid in breast milk binds to the retinoid X receptor protein, activating gene expression and influencing biological functions. This activation initiates genetic programs that equip mitochondria with the necessary enzymes and proteins to start consuming lipids as energy.
A new identification tool called IDphy has been developed to accurately identify Phytophthora species, which cause significant economic and environmental losses. The tool uses data from ex-type cultures and includes features such as an interactive key, factsheets, and a mobile app.
A study by McGill University found that microplastic pollution alters the gut microbiomes of seabirds, increasing pathogens and antibiotic-resistant microbes. The research warns humans to be wary of microplastics in their environment and food, as they can also impact human health.
A Michigan Medicine-led study reveals that life stressors across the lifespan, including childhood trauma and adult abuse, contribute significantly to worsening health and functional outcomes for people with multiple sclerosis. The findings highlight the importance of analyzing the impact of life stressors on MS patients.
Researchers found a sustained weakening trend in East Asian seasonal temperature difference since the 1870s, largely driven by human-induced warming. Climate models generally reproduce observed variability and trends but may underestimate seasonal differences.
A 13-year study led by UTEP professor Arshad M. Khan mapped specific cell populations in the brain responsive to rapid changes in blood sugar. The discovery could lead to more targeted therapies for individuals with Type I and Type II diabetes.
A collaborative study by Rutgers University found that Google Search results do not differ significantly in ideological content for Democrats and Republicans. However, the amount of partisan and unreliable news users engage with varies depending on their personal political outlook. Researchers used a custom-built browser extension to t...
Research reveals that chronic heart rate failure during exercise is a common reason for long-term exercise intolerance in Long COVID patients. The study also found a correlation between early post-COVID inflammation biomarkers and reduced exercise capacity, suggesting potential therapeutic targets.
Researchers at the University of Washington have developed a multifunctional interface between photonic integrated circuits and free space, allowing for simultaneous manipulation of multiple light beams. The device operates with high accuracy and reliability, enabling applications in quantum computing, sensing, imaging, energy, and more.
African spiny mice have been found to produce bone plates similar to those of armadillos, a discovery that challenges previous understanding of mammalian armor. The plates, known as osteoderms, provide protection and are distinct from scales found in other animals.
Women with short or long menstrual cycles are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease events such as heart attack or AFib. The study analyzed data from over 58,000 women and found that irregular menstrual cycle length was associated with higher risks of CVD, independent of other factors.
A significant increase in illicit ketamine seizures in the US has raised concerns about the risks of non-medical and recreational use, as well as the presence of fentanyl. The study found a 349% rise in seizures from 2017 to 2022, with the highest numbers reported in Tennessee, Florida, and California.
A team of researchers has developed a highly efficient production method for extracellular vesicles, which can be used as next-generation therapeutics. The new method yields up to 100 times more particles per cell and hour than conventional methods, making it suitable for applications such as cancer treatment and vaccination.
Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital discovered that subunits of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex act as bookmarks to safeguard cell identity during mitosis. This finding provides new insights into how cancers develop and how they can be treated.
A team led by Professor Satoshi Yamazaki has established a novel culture system that supports long-term ex vivo expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), overcoming previous limitations. The new system, which uses chemically-defined cell culture media, significantly improves HSC growth and proliferation.
Researchers found that genetic predisposition to lipids, Alzheimer's, and heart disease in the MLXIPL gene locus is shaped by exogenous exposures. Minor alleles of certain variants associated with high triglyceride levels and lower HDL-C levels, which may provide protective effects against Alzheimer's risk.
A study of 4.6 million adults in Catalonia found an association between long-term exposure to PM2.5, nitrogen dioxide, and black carbon with a higher risk of severe COVID-19 hospitalization and death. The research suggests that reducing air pollution levels may improve population health.
This study discovers over 10,000 novel genes in cotton, including protein-coding and long non-coding RNAs, created by LTR insertions. The findings provide insight into the mechanisms of intergenic transcript expression and cotton fiber development.
Researchers found both dryer types produce microfiber pollution, including water pollution from lint traps. Simple remedy is to clean lint filters and dispose of collected fibers as dry waste to reduce microfiber release.
Researchers found that animals using Lévy motion are targeted twice as often as those using Brownian motion by predators. This suggests that prey may use less efficient searching strategies due to potential costs.
Researchers have discovered that HER3 plays a crucial role in promoting cell survival in metastatic colorectal and pancreatic cancer. The surrounding liver microenvironment activates HER3, making it an emerging therapeutic target for these types of cancer.
A study from the University of Chicago uses machine learning to record intricate tongue movements and neural activity, revealing that brain patterns can accurately predict 3D tongue shape. This breakthrough could lead to brain-computer interface-based prosthetics for restoring lost functions of feeding and speech.
The study, published in Science Translational Medicine, shows robust T-cell responses in volunteers participating in a phase 1 clinical trial of a self-assembling nanoparticle HIV vaccine. The antigen used stimulates VRC01-class B cells, an immune response considered promising for boosting in further studies.
A recent study published in PLOS One suggests that being female and educated are the biggest determinants of whether someone can understand or read others' minds. The study analyzed over 4,000 participants from across the UK and found that age was only associated with understanding others in later life.
A study of nearly 4,000 patients with cirrhosis found that mortality rates were more than twice as high in lower-income countries compared to high-income countries. The research highlights the need for improved access to medical care and preventive measures to address liver disease.
A study analyzing 100+ years of residents' records from various English almshouses found that these communities can reduce health and social wellbeing issues for older population members. Residents may live as long as wealthier peers despite socioeconomic disparities.
Researchers at UNC School of Medicine discovered that human T cells can independently control RSV replication in lung tissue, suggesting a new approach to developing vaccines. The study's findings support the development of RSV vaccines that elicit effective T cell responses to improve vaccine efficacy.
Researchers at the University of Tsukuba found an association between evaporated alcohol from incubator disinfectants and alcohol absorption in premature infants. They introduced a new practice to reduce alcohol exposure, which was associated with decreased alcohol levels in infants' blood and air.
The US firearm crisis is preventable with practical public health solutions. Harm reduction and community engagement programs can reduce the impact on individuals, families, and communities. Legislative policies also hold promise, particularly safe storage laws, which correlate with reduced injury and death rates.
The Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility has selected Matt Sieger as its new project director for the OLCF-6 effort. The system aims to provide leadership computing capabilities to researchers and is expected to be delivered in 2026.
A new analysis of over 10,000 adults reveals that physically active individuals have higher pain tolerance than sedentary ones. The study suggests that boosting physical activity could be a potential strategy for easing chronic pain.
A new analysis suggests that being religious contributes to the link between morning preference and higher life satisfaction, with conscientiousness also playing a role. The study found that morning-oriented individuals are more likely to be religious and have higher levels of conscientiousness.
A global study maps marine habitat-forming species' genetic diversity, revealing key regions and threats to conservation. The study highlights the need to protect genetic diversity in marine protected areas, which currently fail to preserve this essential component of biodiversity.
A national study published in Sleep Health found that screen habits linked to better sleep include keeping devices out of the bedroom and avoiding screens before bedtime. The study analyzed data from 10,280 preteens aged 10-14 and found that 15.5% reported trouble falling or staying asleep in the past two weeks.
Scientists developed a new method to manipulate light using non-Hermitian theory, enabling unidirectional control of surface plasmon polaritons. This breakthrough could lead to improved quantum sensors and applications in disease diagnosis and atmospheric gas detection.
Researchers discovered a genetic variant protecting against Alzheimer's disease alters levels of proteins and peptides linked to amyloid-beta metabolism. The APP A673T variant demonstrates effectiveness in shifting APP processing from beta-amyloidogenic to non-amyloidogenic pathways, offering a new feasible strategy for AD prevention.
Immunoglobin G and neutralizing antibody titer levels associated with protection against Omicron variant infection and symptomatic disease in vaccinated health care workers. A study of 2,300 healthcare workers found higher antibody levels reduced the risk of infection and disease.
Researchers from NTT and OIST successfully conducted the world's first simultaneous marine and atmospheric measurements directly beneath a violent, Category 5 typhoon in the North-West Pacific. The study aimed to improve typhoon prediction accuracy by understanding the mechanisms of interaction between the atmosphere and ocean using ob...
The COVID-19 pandemic's effects on social relationships, trust in institutions, and willingness to help others are examined in a new special issue. Key findings highlight the complex relationship between societal context and measures taken during the pandemic.
Researchers found that rural patients with diabetes met fewer of the D5 metric criteria, including no tobacco use and blood pressure control, compared to urban patients. Rural patients also had fewer outpatient visits and endocrinology visits, which may contribute to poorer health outcomes.
A study of primary care clinicians reveals benefits and challenges of telemedicine, including ease of adoption depending on prior experiences, unclear visit triage rules, and positive impacts on physicians and patients. The technology also presents challenges such as conducting physical exams and diagnostic testing.
A Rutgers study found that about half of adult smokers and young adult nonsmokers think e-cigarettes contain fewer or the same level of harmful chemicals as cigarettes. The study also discovered an association between perceived low levels of harm in e-cigarettes and increased interest in using them.
A new review of research suggests that applying biochar to agricultural fields can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, particularly nitrous oxide and methane. The study found that biochar can store carbon in stable forms for thousands of years, making it a promising technology for achieving negative emissions.
The global biogeochemical mercury cycle is closely tied to international trade routes, with emissions primarily linked to artisanal gold mining and smelting. Strategies to mitigate mercury exposure include production-side controls and consumption taxes to influence consumer behavior.
A study by researchers at the University of Copenhagen found that violent extremism is largely driven by a perception of cultural threat, particularly among individuals with specific personality traits. The researchers identified the 'Need for Cognitive Closure' (NFC) as a key psychological mechanism behind this phenomenon.
Researchers at Tsinghua University reveal fundamental issues with RIS technology, including its potential for noise introduction, power consumption, and limited gain in strong direct links. Active RISs are proposed as a solution to overcome these challenges, offering amplified reflected signals and substantial capacity gain.