A randomized clinical trial of 2,858 patients with new-onset and worsening chronic heart failure shows that torsemide and furosemide have no significant difference in clinical or patient-reported outcomes at 12 months. Torsemide is associated with better outcomes for patients with de novo heart failure.
Researchers have identified a small molecule that reverses four types of chronic pain in animal studies without troublesome side effects. The compound, CBD3063, binds to the inner region of a calcium channel, indirectly regulating its activity and reducing neurotransmitter release.
Researchers are exploring immune-based therapies and curative combinations to overcome HBV's unique biology and immunosuppression. Ongoing clinical trials aim to develop a functional cure with finite treatment duration.
Researchers at Princeton University found that an ammonia economy can help achieve decarbonization goals, but it poses risks if not managed properly. The widespread use of ammonia could lead to significant emissions of nitrous oxide and nitrogen oxides, affecting air quality, water quality, and ecosystems.
A research team developed a modularized catalytic system using covalent organic frameworks and commercial Cu2Cr2O5 to mimic enzyme active sites, achieving enhanced activity in transfer hydrogenation reactions. Hydrogen bonds between COFs and isopropyl alcohol facilitate dehydrogenation and promote hydride transfer.
Research by Dominik Stolzenburg reveals that aerosols from volatile organic substances can cluster together to form condensation nuclei for water vapor. This process affects cloud density and global warming, potentially offsetting the effect of CO2 increases on climate change.
A study published in Scientific Reports investigated physiological explanations for glare experience. Researchers found that macular pigment density may not explain variations in people's glare perception, particularly under neutral daylight conditions.
A new study by Cleveland Clinic researchers reveals significant differences in cell communication between breast tissue with and without BRCA1/2 gene mutations. This discovery provides a foundation for personalized medicine approaches to prevent and treat breast cancer in mutation carriers.
A team of scientists has detected signals directly from the smaller (secondary) black hole in the binary system of Blazar OJ 287. The discovery provides evidence for two separate signals contributing to the total light signal, confirming OJ 287 as an ultramassive binary black hole system.
A new study published in The Journal of Finance and Data Science introduces the topological tail dependence theory, a methodology for predicting stock market volatility. The approach incorporates persistent homology information, enhancing the accuracy of models and detecting complex correlations.
A new study has provided neurophysiological evidence for videoconference fatigue, a feeling of tiredness and alienation caused by prolonged video-based communication. The study found that video conference-based lectures exhausted test subjects more than traditional in-person lectures.
Researchers developed a deep convolutional neural network to pinpoint cardiac catheter tip locations in photoacoustic images, achieving high precision and recall. The approach has the potential to replace fluoroscopy during cardiac interventions, leading to safer procedures.
Researchers found that acupuncture improved symptoms in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), but the benefits were not significant enough to meet the minimal clinical difference threshold. The study included over 300 participants and suggested that clinicians should consider using acupuncture as an adjunctive treatment.
A team from HZDR has developed proposals for an improved laser experiment designed to verify vacuum fluctuations, which could potentially provide clues to new laws in physics. The experiment involves manipulating the vacuum fluctuations with ultra-powerful laser flashes.
Researchers found that anthropogenic climate change heightens risks of spatially compounding flooding and heatwave events, with likelihood increasing tenfold by mid-21st century under high-emissions scenario. Adopting low-emissions scenario could reduce this likelihood to seven times more probable.
A new study found that curtailing sleep by 90 minutes for six weeks increased insulin resistance in women, particularly postmenopausal women. Insulin resistance was also linked to an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Researchers used AI models to analyze rat brain cells and found they can process high-level visual information like primates. This discovery sheds light on the visual system of rodents and has implications for understanding neurodegenerative disorders.
The COVID-19 pandemic worsened social inequalities in Sweden, particularly among those with low incomes and education. The study found that disadvantaged groups faced higher risks of poor health, economic strain, and reduced access to medical care.
Researchers developed a new risk assessment system to identify patients with low-risk profiles who can benefit from liver stents. These patients have a significantly higher mortality rate than previously thought, highlighting the need for targeted treatment and further personalization.
Researchers at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz discovered a unique cryptochrome protein in marine bristle worms that distinguishes between sunlight and moonlight. The protein's structure reveals an unusual light-induced change from dimer to monomer arrangements, allowing it to synchronize reproduction with lunar phases.
Researchers at Buck Institute identified a new drug-like molecule that keeps mitochondria healthy via mitophagy, a process that removes and recycles damaged mitochondria. The compound, MIC, extended lifespan in worms and improved mitochondrial function in mouse muscle cells.
A new study suggests that some modern earthquakes in the central and eastern United States could be long-lived aftershocks of past quakes, rather than foreshocks or background seismicity. The researchers analyzed earthquake data from three historic events in the 1800s to determine whether recent earthquakes were likely to be aftershocks.
Researchers found that antibodies targeting the N-terminal domain have a lower ability to protect against delta variants compared to those targeting the receptor-binding domain. The study provides new insights into vaccine development, highlighting the importance of understanding antibody responses.
A new study reveals that C4 crops are significantly less sensitive to ozone pollution than C3 crops, with potential implications for improving crop productivity and resilience. The research suggests that C4 bioenergy feedstocks can maintain performance in regions with high ozone levels.
Researchers found that smaller subsets of data can be just as effective in training AI models, reducing the need for massive computing power. The study suggests that information richness is more important than dataset size.
A new solar-powered device can turn polluted water into clean drinking water and hydrogen fuel, addressing global energy and water crises. The device uses solar power to split water molecules, producing clean water and hydrogen with minimal energy loss.
A new modelling study led by UCL researchers finds that faster Arctic warming will breach the global 1.5C and 2C temperature thresholds five and eight years earlier than expected. This accelerated warming adds substantial uncertainty to climate forecasts, highlighting the need for more extensive monitoring of temperatures in the region.
A study of over 12,000 people in the US compares Baby Boomer and Millennial financial outcomes. Millennials with typical middle-class life trajectories accumulated substantially more wealth than their Baby Boomer counterparts, while those with low-skilled service jobs or living with parents struggled financially.
This study investigates large language model (LLM) construction, optimization, and evaluation, highlighting the importance of open-source models and cost-saving methods. The authors also identify challenges faced by LLMs, including scarcity of datasets and model instability, and propose potential research directions.
Researchers at UNSW Sydney have developed a method to produce ammonia without high temperatures, pressures, and infrastructure. The new technique enhances energy efficiency and makes environmentally friendly ammonia economically feasible.
Two COVID-19 studies on Singapore mothers and children found vaccination during pregnancy reduces newborn infection risk by up to 44.4%. Vaccination also showed potential protection against Long COVID in children under 18, with males more likely to experience symptoms.
A recent study found that chronic insufficient sleep can increase insulin resistance in healthy women, with more pronounced effects on postmenopausal women. Insulin resistance can lead to a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
A new study by Penn State researchers found that only 41% of Baby Boomer men experienced continuous high employment over their prime earning years. Most men instead followed less stable employment paths with increasing unemployment, time out of work, or intermittent work.
A new resorbable scaffold has been shown to be more effective than traditional angioplasty in treating severe artery blockages in the lower leg. In a large clinical trial, patients who received the scaffold had a 74% chance of avoiding adverse events, compared to 44% for those who underwent angioplasty.
A new study by the University of Washington challenges previous findings of declining phytoplankton in the North Atlantic. The researchers analyzed an ice core from central Greenland and found that human-generated pollutants changed the atmosphere's chemistry, offsetting a decrease in marine productivity.
Research suggests that global warming can affect brain development and plasticity, as well as lead to changes in cognitive function and overall health. The study calls for further investigation into the impact of extreme weather events on brain structure and behavior.
A novel droplet digital PCR assay detects KMT2A fusion markers in AML patients, enabling sensitive MRD detection and guiding treatment decisions. This breakthrough may improve patient outcomes by assessing response to therapy and long-term surveillance.
A team of scientists at Newcastle University has created a novel, water-based adhesive system that can bond surfaces in the neutral pH range but can be detached again in strongly acidic or alkaline environments. The new adhesive exhibits high adhesion strength to difficult-to-bond polypropylene surfaces.
A study by Brown University researchers found that government-sanctioned overdose prevention centers in New York City were not associated with a significant increase in crime. The analysis of five administrative datasets showed no changes in violent crimes, property crimes, or calls for emergency services in the surrounding neighborhoods.
Researchers have discovered two new cofactorless oxygenases, TnmJ and TnmK2, which enable bacteria to produce compounds for targeting and breaking up DNA. This breakthrough offers a potentially easier way to study and manufacture complex natural chemicals, including those that could become medicines.
A team of scientists has developed an AI chemist that can synthesize an oxygen-producing catalyst from Martian meteorites, enabling long-term survival on the planet. The breakthrough technology could establish an 'oxygen factory' on Mars, producing sufficient oxygen for human survival with minimal solar irradiation.
A new international relations theory proposes that self-deception can lead to 'hubris balancing,' where leaders overestimate their power and launch aggressive actions. This concept is used to explain Putin's invasion of Ukraine, which was driven by exclusive nationalism rather than rational calculations.
The COVID-19 pandemic and drug overdose epidemic significantly contributed to the widening gender gap in US life expectancy. Chronic metabolic disease and mental illness are also thought to play a role in the growing disparity.
African nations could see an additional $37 million in profit each year by raising access fees for their fisheries. This would lead to an increase in fish biomass and a more sustainable operation. However, challenges include differing interests and objectives among governments and varying conditions of different fisheries.
Researchers discovered six new species of rove beetles with unique genital shapes, including a bottle-opener like structure in one species. Climate change threatens the survival of these species due to habitat changes.
A three-year intensive treatment strategy to lower systolic blood pressure below 120mmHg significantly reduced cardiovascular events, including heart attack, stroke, and death, compared to standard treatment. The study found that participants in the intensive group experienced fewer major vascular events and deaths over a two-year period.
A new study by Columbia University and Stanford University finds that low-intensity fires can dramatically reduce the risk of devastating wildfires in California forests. The analysis reveals a 60% reduction in risk after a low-intensity fire burns, with effects lasting at least six years.
A nationally representative survey reveals a shift in tobacco use among young adults, with historically low cigarette use and higher e-cigarette use. Exclusive e-cigarette users are unlikely to transition to combustible tobacco.
A new polyurethane production technique using CO2 creates easily recyclable plastics with a thermoset structure, but can be reshaped by exchanges of chemical bonds. These plastics offer multiple ways of recycling materials at their end-of-life, eliminating additives.
A team of researchers from Pitt and Notre Dame have received a $2 million NSF grant to develop 'chiplets' - refurbished integrated chips that can be reused in new products, reducing manufacturing waste and emissions. The project aims to create a more sustainable computing lifecycle by mapping the reuse of decommissioned FPGAs.
Researchers from Tohoku University developed a special type of porous carbon sheet, graphene mesosponge sheet, which significantly improves the energy density and cycle stability in Li-O2 batteries. The GMS-sheet achieves high-performance standards with over 6300 milliampere-hours per gram.
A new study using twisted magnets as computational medium has made brain-inspired computing more adaptable, reducing energy use and potential carbon emissions. The research found that by applying magnetic fields and changing temperature, physical properties of the materials can be adapted to suit different machine-learning tasks.
Researchers found that older fish deviate from a youthful fasting and refeeding cycle, entering a permanent fasting state despite eating. Genetic activation of AMP kinase's γ1 subunit restored benefits of refeeding in old killifish, improving health and longevity.
New research reveals that secondary forests in the Amazon cover over 190,000 km² but connect more than 2 million isolated fragments of old-growth forest, crucial for biodiversity conservation. These forests also act as a buffer zone, shielding old-growth edges from negative effects like hotter temperatures and wind.
A team led by WPI researcher Ulkuhan Guler has received NIH funding to develop a wearable sensor for premature infants that can mitigate skin-color bias in oxygen level measurements. The four-year project aims to create a convenient and affordable sensor that will enable infants at risk of lung disease to leave hospitals sooner.
Researchers confirmed the distance of two galaxies in Pandora's Cluster, which are larger than other galaxies at such extreme distances. The ancient galaxies offer insights into how the earliest galaxies might have formed and provide a window into the past.
Researchers at University of Maryland develop a new 'cooling glass' coating that can lower indoor temperatures by 3.5 degrees Celsius without electricity. The technology has the potential to reduce mid-rise apartment building's yearly carbon emissions by 10%.
Researchers developed a new intravenous needle that softens via body temperature on insertion, reducing tissue damage and blood-borne disease risks. The P-CARE needle's variable stiffness characteristics make it flexible upon insertion, allowing for more comfortable injections.
A study by Griffith University found that pollution can compound the female-biasing influence of rising global temperatures on sea turtles. The research, published in Frontiers in Marine Science, discovered that exposure to heavy metals and organic contaminants can feminize green sea turtle embryos.
A new study reveals that fungal proteins can facilitate ice formation at temperatures as warm as -10°C, challenging the long-held assumption that pure water only freezes at 0°C. The research also shows that these proteins are incredibly efficient, with some being 25 times smaller than other known ice-nucleating proteins.