Re-wetting southern peatlands along the US south Atlantic coast could significantly boost carbon storage and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. A new Duke University study reveals that maintaining water levels between 20-30 cm below the local water table can increase CO2 storage by up to 90%.
Scientists demonstrated that Caribbean box jellyfish can acquire the ability to avoid obstacles through associative learning, a process in which organisms form mental connections between sensory stimulations and behaviors. The study suggests that combining visual and mechanical stimuli is required for associative learning in jellyfish.
Scientists have identified a specific process that helps control transposable elements, which destabilize the genetic code and contribute to aging. Strengthening this pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans extended its lifespan.
Researchers developed a graphene-based proton-exchange membrane that successfully suppresses the crossover phenomenon, allowing for high proton conductivity while blocking fuel molecule penetration. This study contributes to the development of advanced fuel cells as an alternative to hydrogen-type fuel cells.
Penn State researchers develop a bubble-based technique to visualize macrophages in mammal tissue, offering insights into immune system regulation and potential therapies. The approach enables real-time monitoring of immune cells, which could lead to more effective cell-based treatments for conditions like cancer and autoimmune disorders.
Researchers, including Dr. Federico Rossi, have been awarded ERC Starting Grants to study human skills crucial for future economic growth. The grants aim to support cutting-edge research and provide insights on how educational policies can adapt to global challenges.
Researchers developed a method to generate large numbers of homozygous mutant barley plants by treating microspores with ethyl methanesulfonate. This approach provides an efficient way to produce novel genetic resources for pre-breeding and theoretical research.
A new study in Science Advances uses pollen data to tell a compelling story of early human migration across Europe and Asia. The research suggests that warming temperatures supported forests that expanded into Siberia, facilitating human migration there around the same time as other regions.
A promising drug candidate CDNF has been found to prolong the lifespan of ALS patients and alleviate symptoms in rats and mice. The study suggests that CDNF may rescue motoneurons by reducing ER stress response and cell death.
Researchers explore kinase inhibitors as targeted therapies for specific CRC subsets, offering hope for improved treatment options. Key findings suggest that uncovering essential kinases for tumor growth can lead to more effective treatment strategies in metastatic or later-stage CRC patients.
Researchers in Sweden and the Netherlands have found that migratory birds can synchronize with food resources by flying a shorter distance, resulting in better breeding success. By giving these birds a helping hand, they may be able to maintain robust populations of small birds despite earlier springs.
Researchers used solid-state NMR to study the Fluc channel protein and discovered a new fluoride ion permeation model. The findings provide insights into the gating mechanisms in the Fluc channel, shedding light on its functionality.
Scientists have identified thousands of non-coding genetic variants linked to Alzheimer's disease, focusing on their impact on microglial gene expression and function. The study found that turning off specific regions can affect multiple genes, highlighting the complex mechanisms underlying AD.
A new study reveals that Axin1 deficiency offers protective effects against colitis by regulating intestinal epithelial development and microbial homeostasis. The loss of intestinal Axin1 leads to reduced susceptibility to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis, while the presence of Akkermansia muciniphila further reduces severity.
Researchers from a Portuguese-Angolan TwinLab conducted fieldwork in the Angolan Namib desert, discovering groups thought to be extinct or uncontactable. The study reveals unique Pre-Bantu ancestry in modern populations from the Namib desert, divergent from other southern African ancestries.
Researchers studied fruit flies to understand how their brains assign value to rewards, finding that expectations play a crucial role in decision-making. By observing the flies' behavior, the team pinpointed the site in the brain where these value adjustments are made, enabling them to test a theoretical framework on neural circuits.
A study in Germany found that consumers struggle to grasp the environmental consequences of their buying choices, even with extra information. The research suggests introducing an eco-label could guide shoppers towards more informed decisions about sustainable palm oil production.
Phototherapy during sleep effectively increases lymphatic excretion of beta-amyloid from brain tissues, cleansing the brain of toxic metabolites. This technique also demonstrates significant therapeutic effects over wakefulness, potentially offering new hope for Alzheimer's treatment.
Researchers identify significant room for improvement in NTA studies, citing biased sample preparation, inconsistent reporting, and technology-driven limitations. The study aims to develop new analytical technologies and data analysis protocols to better understand the true chemical space of exposure.
A Texas A&M research team found that a population of endangered red-crowned parrots is thriving in urban areas, with four main roosts in the Rio Grande Valley. The parrots' adaptability to human environments and lack of competition for food sources make them an unusual example of a species doing well in urban areas.
Researchers developed a scoring system analyzing income, education, geographical location, access to care, and other factors to identify patients at increased risk of poor outcomes. The study found significant socioeconomic disadvantage associated with a 21% decrease in textbook outcomes and a 32% decrease in overall survival.
The UK Met Office Hadley Centre introduces a new globally gridded monitoring product, HadISDH.extremes, which provides valuable insights into temperature extremes and their humidity characteristics. The dataset covers the period from January 1973 to December 2022 and features wet and dry bulb extremes indices.
A behavioral experiment involving 644 older adults found that many are susceptible to government impersonation scams, including those without cognitive impairment. The study highlights the need for awareness and education among this demographic to prevent such scams.
Researchers at São Paulo State University have developed a technique to remove glyphosate, a widely used herbicide, from contaminated water. By using functionalized cellulose fibers from sugarcane bagasse, they can effectively adsorb and remove glyphosate residues from an aqueous medium.
Scientists have observed 16 newly formed galaxies that exhibit significantly less heavy elements than expected, indicating a lack of time for element creation. The findings suggest that these galaxies are still in the process of being created, contradicting the long-held equilibrium model of galaxy formation.
Scientists at the Max Planck Institute present a method for training artificial intelligence using physical processes, reducing energy consumption and computing time. The new approach relies on non-linear processes, such as optics, to mimic the human brain's parallel processing, potentially leading to more efficient neural networks.
A study by the University of Helsinki has identified two genetic risk factors, RNF207 and PRKAA2, that contribute to dilated cardiomyopathy in both humans and Dobermanns. The research offers a new perspective on the disease and may lead to the development of early diagnostic tests for breeders.
Researchers used new software to compare MRI scans from 300 babies and found that myelin, a fatty sheath around axons, develops much slower after birth. The study supports the idea that gestational age at birth and scan time matter for brain development.
Researchers investigate the impact of cathode catalyst layer platinum loading on PEMFC electrode-membrane assembly durability. Low Pt content impairs oxygen reduction activity but doesn't affect degradation mechanisms.
A Penn State-led research team found that the Earth's crust has continued to rework over billions of years, rather than rapidly slowing its growth. The study used the rock record database to chart the crustal growth curve and suggests a correlation between the Earth's crust and mantle.
A new study by UNC-Chapel Hill professor Eric Kirby and his co-authors suggests that changes in the size of the Yangtze River watershed led to rapid fluvial incision, carving deep canyons.
Researchers developed an entanglement witness circuit to detect qubit entanglement in cloud-based services, overcoming limitations and enabling users to test for entangled qubits. The new framework EW 2.0 is twice as efficient at detecting entanglement.
A new study reveals that most healthcare facilities in low- and middle-income countries are unprepared to deliver services for treating cardiovascular disease risk factors, including diabetes and hypertension. However, investing in HIV care may provide a solution by improving readiness.
A new sensor design developed by a UMass Amherst-led team will monitor motion in stroke survivors' bodies to track their rehabilitation progress. The device uses wearable technology and the human body's conductive skin to transmit data, providing clinicians with valuable insights into patients' functional ability.
A significant burden of cardiovascular disease and cardiometabolic risk factors has been identified among 220,000 American Indian and Alaska Native patients with Medicare insurance. The study emphasizes the critical need for future efforts to prioritize cardiovascular health in this population.
A dendritic cell vaccine targeting survivin protein showed safety and immunogenicity, inducing durable clinical responses in patients with high-risk multiple myeloma. The vaccine combination with autologous stem cell transplant was associated with a four-year progression-free survival rate of 71%.
Astronomers using James Webb Space Telescope data have identified carbon dioxide on Europa's icy surface, supporting the idea that it originated in the subsurface ocean. The discovery provides crucial insights into the potential habitability of Europa's ocean and may inform future missions like NASA’s Europa Clipper.
Researchers discovered that dinosaur feathers originally had a similar protein composition to those of modern birds, contradicting earlier findings. The study used X-rays and infrared light to analyze 125-million-year-old feathers from dinosaurs and early birds, revealing the presence of beta-proteins in ancient feathers.
Researchers find that gold nanoclusters can efficiently catalyze the hydrogen evolution reaction, producing hydrogen through water electrolysis. The precise structure of gold nanoclusters enables uniform size, composition, and chemical environment, promoting efficient electrochemical reactions.
A recent study published in Nature Communications has identified five rare genetic variants associated with male-pattern hair loss. The researchers analyzed the genetic sequences of 72,469 male participants from the UK Biobank project and found associations between rare variants in genes such as EDA2R, WNT10A, HEPH, CEPT1, and EIF3F.
A recent study published in Geroscience found that trigonelline, a plant alkaloid in coffee, significantly improved spatial learning and memory performance in senescence-accelerated mice. The researchers also identified the underlying molecular mechanisms, including reduced neuroinflammation and increased neurotransmitter release.
A new meta-analysis of 22 clinical trials found that tirzepatide is more effective than semaglutide in controlling blood sugar levels and promoting weight loss. The study showed that higher doses of tirzepatide resulted in greater reductions in HbA1c levels and body weight compared to semaglutide.
Researchers propose a new framework to explain the emergence of 'dynamical heterogeneities' in glass-forming liquids, which become increasingly correlated as they cool down. This study provides insights into the Stoke-Einstein breakdown and suggests a new handle for understanding other complex systems with intermittent dynamics.
Caribbean box jellyfish have demonstrated complex learning capabilities, including associative learning and memory formation, despite having only one thousand nerve cells. This discovery sheds new light on the evolutionary success of jellyfish and raises questions about the universality of advanced learning mechanisms in animals.
A new study from the University of Liège provides insights into how light stimulates our brains and its impact on cognition. The research found that the thalamus plays a crucial role in relaying non-visual light information to the parietal cortex, which controls attention levels.
Researchers have identified a new method to distinguish histidine methylation in histone proteins, revealing its role in regulating genomic DNA folding. The study found histidine methylation at specific residues in histones H2A and H3, primarily affecting lysine residues.
Researchers reveal a partially covering 'Compton-thick' absorption component in the eclipsing cloud of NGC 6814. The team found that the occultation absorber was clumpy and consisted of many small clouds, similar to debris stripped from a comet.
Researchers at the University of Zurich developed PlantServation, a method that enables scientists to observe plants with great precision using AI and machine learning. The technique allows for the analysis of millions of images taken from various weather conditions, providing insights into how plants respond to environmental factors.
Researchers designed a nanofluidic device to harness energy from seawater-freshwater boundaries, where ions naturally flow due to salinity differences. The device converts ionic flow into usable electric power through Coulomb drag, with surprising behaviors and amplification effects discovered in simulations.
The CARE program, a rapid risk assessment tool, gathered data on immunization status, general health risk, and support needs of people experiencing homelessness. Automated dashboards provide secure, real-time information on resident needs, enabling health professionals to mitigate risks associated with homelessness.
Astronomers used James Webb Space Telescope to discover that Milky Way-like galaxies are surprisingly common and dominated throughout the universe's history. These 'disk' galaxies formed 10 billion years ago or longer and were previously thought to be fragile in early Universe.
A study using ultra-high field 7 Tesla MRI found that the locus coeruleus is essential for regulating REM sleep, with increased activity during wakefulness associated with poorer quality sleep. This effect was particularly pronounced in older individuals (50-70 years), who were more likely to experience insomnia.
A study by University of Tsukuba found that elderly patients receiving better services from their primary care providers are more likely to receive the varicella-zoster virus vaccination. The study suggests that providing adequate services needed by patients during primary care may improve shingles vaccine coverage.
Researchers developed an in-situ surface potential microscope to study non-metal/solution interfaces. The study shows semiconductors exhibit variations in surface potential with applied voltage, resembling metals. Voltage only affects the electron transfer step, but not chemical reactions on the basal plane.
Scientists at University of Cambridge create Highlighter tool that uses specific light conditions to activate defense mechanisms in plants, allowing them to 'talk' to humans about impending dangers such as disease outbreaks and heatwaves. The system utilizes optogenetics technology to control biomolecular processes at the cellular level.
A new study reveals that newer diabetes treatments such as SGLT2-Is and GLP1-RAs offer no cardiovascular or renal benefits for Black populations. The research emphasizes the need for targeted access to care and treatment for those most at risk, considering racial disparities in healthcare.
Researchers suggest transforming arid ecosystems into efficient carbon-capture systems by engineering ideal combinations of plants, soil microbes, and soil type. This approach could result in significant increases in plant and soil carbon sequestration within less than ten years.
The novel liquid filter efficiently absorbs UV light and infrared radiation, increasing the energy harvesting potential of de-coupled photovoltaic-thermal systems. The proposed system has been shown to improve conversion efficiency and reduce operating temperatures, making it economically beneficial.
A wearable optical device using laser speckle imaging detects peripheral vasoconstriction caused by postpartum hemorrhage, providing an early warning system. The device shows promise in detecting heavy bleeding before it becomes severe, with a highly sensitive response to blood flow changes.
Researchers found that a compound derived from hops, TXN, can combat metabolic syndrome by reducing the population of Oscillibacter species in the gut microbiome. This reduction leads to reduced inflammation in adipose tissue and improved glucose metabolism.