Researchers emphasize that field stations studying primates contribute to biodiversity conservation by deterring poaching, deforestation, and natural resource extraction. The authors call for increased funding and support for red colobus conservation efforts.
A research team at Waseda University has discovered a family of poly(thiourea)s (PTUs) with exceptional optical properties, including transparency over 92% and a refractive index of 1.81. The polymers can be easily degraded into simpler molecules, making them suitable for sustainable optoelectronic applications.
A team of researchers from Shibaura Institute of Technology developed a self-folding origami gripper that can be mounted onto drones, enabling them to grasp and hold objects. The gripper weighs only 5 grams but demonstrates grasping force equivalent to holding a 130-gram object.
A University of Michigan study analyzing 98 million traffic stops found that innocent Black drivers were searched about 3.4 to 4.5 percent of the time, while innocent white drivers were searched about 1.9 to 2.7 percent of the time.
A comprehensive analysis of over 200 scientific articles reveals the fundamental importance of scavengers and carrion in wetlands, benefiting soil, plants, birds, and mammals. The study highlights five different functions performed by scavengers during carrion consumption, including nutrient recycling and pathogen control.
A study by Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center found that children aged 3-5 consume a significant portion of their daily calories during the hour after picking up from childcare, with high amounts of added sugar and salt. Experts recommend preparing healthy snacks in advance to instill healthier habits.
Soil invertebrates, particularly termites, contribute significantly to forest litter decomposition worldwide. The study highlights the importance of invertebrates in driving ecosystem processes and conserving biodiversity.
A new AI model, DyLEMa, reduces ET prediction uncertainty by up to 30% and captures land use dynamics accurately. The model improves daily continuous ET data generation and estimation of soil erosion.
Researchers have found that plants help regulate the planet's atmosphere by trapping carbon and emitting oxygen, acting as a buffer against rapid climate changes. However, when climate shifts too fast for vegetation to adapt, it can lead to mass extinctions and extreme environmental changes.
A study by Edith Cowan University and Fiona Stanley Hospital found that up to 50% of ICU patients experience sleep disturbance due to noise, which can hinder recovery. The researchers identified potential for medical equipment designers to consider alarm speakers' directivity and reducing volume levels to minimize noise exposure.
The newly updated guidelines provide clinicians with the latest recommendations for staging and management of neuroendocrine tumors. The guidelines highlight recent changes for treating these tumors, including emerging molecular imaging techniques known as theranostics.
Researchers found that chatbots like ChatGPT can provide accurate information on climate change-related topics, but not all responses are reliable. The study compared the chatbots' answers to hazard risk indices generated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and found more accuracy with tropical storms than droughts.
A new study uncovers obscured contributions to microbiome biomarkers in colorectal cancer development, highlighting potential future targets for intervention. The research employs quantitative methods and extensive confounder control to reveal robust associations between certain microbial taxa and CRC.
Researchers used deep-learning decoders to enhance a non-invasive brain-computer interface's performance in tracking virtual objects. The system allowed users to control a fast and continuously moving computer cursor using only sensor-space brain waves, demonstrating promising results for neuro-assistive robotics.
The study, published in Cell Stem Cell, improves the growth of nephron progenitor cells (NPCs) using a chemical cocktail, enabling sustained growth in a simple 2-dimensional format. The breakthrough has potential for advancing kidney research and discovering new treatments.
Researchers estimate CO2-equivalent emissions for astronomy meetings in 2019, suggesting preferential virtual meetings and hybrid formats. This approach can reduce long-haul travel and make astronomy more inclusive for underrepresented groups.
A new set of clinical practice standards and recommendations offers tailored and effective care for individuals with advanced and metastatic cancer. The initiative, backed by MASCC and ASCO, provides a critical resource to healthcare stakeholders.
Men with prostate cancer who listened to mindfulness audio recordings during radiation therapy experienced significant reductions in fatigue, sleep problems, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. The study found that the mindfulness intervention was more effective than listening to relaxing music during treatment.
A new anticoagulant with on-demand reversible activity has been developed by a team from UNIGE and the University of Sydney. This breakthrough offers a more reliable and easier-to-use option for surgical procedures, reducing the risk of serious bleeding associated with current treatments.
A survey of healthcare providers in the Middle East reveals a good understanding of halal pharmaceuticals, but gaps in knowledge, particularly about ingredients and aligning with Islamic principles. Personalized education and culturally sensitive care can address patient concerns and improve healthcare outcomes for all patients.
Researchers at Washington State University have discovered a new way for plants to change the fatty acid composition in their seed oil after it's already made. This process could lead to improved production of valuable oils used in various industries, including food and biofuels.
Researchers at Mass General Brigham have identified Th2-multipotent progenitor (Th2-MPP) cells, which may play a crucial role in sustaining type 2 inflammation and contribute to disease symptoms. These findings provide potential targets for therapeutic interventions and lay the groundwork for future disease-modifying approaches.
Four University of Michigan projects aim to improve the monitoring of nuclear reactors during operation, explore advanced reactor designs, develop ethical siting guidelines for nuclear facilities, and upgrade a facility for studying radiation damage. These initiatives may lead to safer and more efficient nuclear energy production.
A study by the University of Córdoba finds that climate change is lengthening and intensifying the blooming of holm oak and other Quercus species, resulting in a prolonged and more intense pollen season. This shift has significant implications for allergy sufferers, as they will be more exposed to pollen during longer seasons.
Scientists develop new analytical method to detect food fraud in truffles, distinguishing between expensive Piedmont and cheaper spring truffles based on two volatile markers. The method uses automated Solvent-Assisted Flavor Evaporation and has low equipment requirements for routine analysis.
Researchers have discovered that smooth muscle cells can change into cancer-like cell types, driving the buildup of disease-causing plaque. Anti-cancer drugs may hold the key to preventing or treating atherosclerosis by disrupting tumor-like pathways.
A University of Michigan scientist proposes that chemists and pharmacists be key players in species conservation efforts to combat mass extinction. Modern bioscience has achieved breakthroughs in treating human disease, which can also be applied in the wild to save endangered species.
Researchers at RMIT University have developed a new silicone rubber composite material that can prevent fires and electrical sparking on power poles. This innovation could save power companies time and resources by reducing damage to assets.
Researchers at the University of Toronto have found a way to better control the preclinical generation of key neurons depleted in Parkinson's disease. They developed an efficient method for stimulating stem cell differentiation to produce neural cells in the midbrain, which closely resemble dopaminergic neurons of natural origin.
Researchers have developed a system to detect food contamination, which could save hundreds of billions of dollars globally by reducing food waste. The technology would replace the current 'best before' date system, which often leads to perfectly safe food being wasted.
Researchers engineered increased mesophyll conductance in a model crop, improving CO2 diffusion and uptake. The study showed an 8% increase in photosynthesis in the field, demonstrating potential for improved crop production and sustainable water use.
A team at Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology has developed a new material, hexagonal boron nitride, that can efficiently remove uranium from contaminated soil. The research shows that the material can be reused multiple times without causing secondary environmental pollution.
A novel combination of two existing drugs has been discovered to eradicate AML cancer cells in lab-based tests, offering hope for patients diagnosed annually with the disease. The treatment, pairing venetoclax with a STING agonist, showed high promise in AML samples driven by a mutated p53 protein, a type of AML generally harder to treat.
Researchers found that cranberry extracts can stimulate beneficial bacteria in the gut, reducing inflammation and improving the prognosis of chronic diseases. The study suggests that cranberries may be a useful addition to a balanced diet in preventing or managing conditions like diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Researchers found that expectant mothers who quit smoking had a lower birth weight relative to the weight of their placenta compared to those who continued smoking. This suggests that quitting smoking may help restore the balance between placental weight and birthweight, with potential benefits for both mother and child health.
Researchers at UW–Madison developed a method using short electric pulses to increase gene therapy material uptake in liver cells, reducing dosage needed. The technique could help treat genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis and sickle-cell disease.
Researchers have developed a new anticoagulant with an on-off switch, providing rapid control of bleeding risks in surgery and blood clots. The supramolecular approach combines a tsetse fly protein with a synthetic peptide, allowing for the anticoagulant to be rapidly deactivated by introducing correctly matched strands of free PNA.
A new clinical trial demonstrates a novel, personalized neoantigen vaccine therapy showed promising anti-tumor efficacy in patients with liver cancer who failed their original front-line treatment. The therapy induced potent induction of T cell immunity and regressed tumors in preclinical model studies.
Researchers at the University of California San Diego developed a biodegradable form of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) filled with bacterial spores from Bacillus subtilis. The material breaks down in compost environments within five months, even without additional microbes.
A study by UC San Diego researchers found that closing the US-Mexico border during COVID-19 increased HIV transmission due to continued drug tourism. The study analyzed data from participants who crossed the border, revealing nine new cases of HIV contraction primarily during the pandemic.
Researchers found a shared triple network of long noncoding RNAs, microRNAs, and messenger RNAs that exacerbates Parkinson's disease symptoms in the context of COVID-19 infection. The study identified key genes and lncRNAs as potential biomarkers for PD diagnosis and progression.
Scientists identify ZIP7 as a key player in reducing ER stress, which is responsible for misfolded protein accumulation. Overexpressing ZIP7 restores cell mobility, suggesting its potential as a therapy target for degenerative diseases.
A new study has identified genetic variants under selection associated with blood-related phenotypes in Papua New Guinean highlanders and lowlanders. The findings show that highlanders have adaptations for lower oxygen availability, while lowlanders have adaptations to combat specific pathogens like malaria.
Researchers at the University of Missouri have developed a soft, self-charging material that can track vital signs like blood pressure and heart activity wirelessly. This innovation has significant implications for early disease detection and timely interventions in chronic conditions.
Researchers at Aarhus University have identified a way to regulate cholesterol levels to improve immunotherapies for cancer and other illnesses. By manipulating STING protein activity, they aim to bolster the body's natural defences against disease.
A UT Arlington student has made a groundbreaking connection between worm behavior and brain disease in humans. Through her research, she found that worms with mutations in neurodegeneration genes exhibit abnormal reactivity to stimuli, similar to those affected by schizophrenia and other neurological disorders.
A new study found that massive flood basalt volcanism drove mass-extinction and disturbance, while extreme climate change and Hg-pollution continued to stress plants long after volcanic activity had ceased. The results show that ferns were robust enough to continue thriving despite mercury poisoning.
A new study published in the Journal of Affective Disorders found that women in the perimenopausal stage are significantly more likely to experience depression. The meta-analysis of seven studies involving over 9,000 women from around the world reveals a 40% increased risk of depressive symptoms during this life-stage.
Four studies document the feasibility of microalgae-based and microbial wastewater treatment methods to remove nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus. The methods show promise in reducing environmental harm while increasing midwestern seafood production and consumption.
A recent study found that air travel to professional conferences contributes substantially to academia's carbon emissions, with an estimated 42,500 tCO2e released in 2019. To mitigate this issue, researchers suggest prioritizing venue locations near most participants and exploring virtual meeting solutions.
Researchers found that secure boundaries promote collective conservation practices and limit over-harvesting, but perceived high risk of theft from neighbors leads to looser harvest limits. Community members impose their own limits on harvesting via conservation committees when borders are secure.
The invasive red-necked longhorn beetle is threatening fruit tree crops worldwide. Researchers highlight the need for targeted natural enemy surveys to control its spread and recommend alternative biological control methods, such as entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes.
Researchers have developed a proposed system to control specific devices on a network, allowing for more efficient and secure control. The system uses a broadcast authentication method, which enables remote control of arbitrary target devices simultaneously.
Researchers used big data to calculate per-country greenhouse gas emissions from aviation for 197 countries, revealing gaps in reporting requirements under the UNFCCC treaty. Countries like China and the US were found to emit the most aviation-related emissions.
Researchers validated pediatric emergency department guidelines promoting safer CT scan use, finding both predictive rules safe and effective in minimizing unnecessary radiation exposure. The study enrolled thousands of children and adolescents nationwide, showing high accuracy in identifying cases requiring immediate intervention.
A San Diego study found that the proportion of people solely smoking opioids and methamphetamine increased from 0% to 34% between 2020 and 2023. The shift towards smoking may reduce health risks associated with injection, such as HIV and Hepatitis C.
A Rutgers study found that nanoparticles from household products can be resuspended in the air, reaching human breathing zones, and increasing exposure for children. The researchers used an enclosed chamber to simulate spraying and resuspension of particles, confirming the potential health risks.
A study of leaf-nosed bats in the Solomon Islands revealed surprising genetic diversity among nearly indistinguishable species on different islands. The research team found that the large and extra-large bat species were not closely related, but rather evolved from smaller species multiple times across different islands.
A team of astronomers and citizen scientists has discovered a planet in the habitable zone of an unusual star system, including two stars and potentially another exoplanet. The newly discovered planet, TOI 4633 c, boasts the second-longest orbit of any planet discovered with TESS data.
A survey across 23 countries found that the global population's overall trust in vaccination did not diminish despite COVID-19 pandemic challenges. More than 60% of participants reported increased willingness to get vaccinated for diseases other than COVID-19, suggesting a general openness to vaccination. The study emphasizes the impor...