The study presents a comprehensive microstructural landscape of six representative phases of amorphous carbons, including disordered graphene networks and diamond-like structures. The researchers developed a phase diagram and discovered a fitted power-law that regulates the microstructural stability of amorphous carbons.
A new method recovers phosphorus from sewage sludge ash through chemical and heat treatment, providing a valuable resource for industries. The process can be implemented with lower energy requirements and costs than conventional technologies, making it an attractive solution for addressing the depletion of phosphorus ores.
Researchers at German Primate Center investigated how rhesus monkeys encode target positions in arm movements, finding that brain areas can switch between body- and object-related spatial reference systems depending on the task. This flexible coding is essential for developing neuroprostheses that can interpret brain signals correctly.
Researchers argue that mobility data can help understand human-wildlife interactions and inform policy decisions on sustainability-related issues. They propose aggregating datasets without personal identifiers to make them accessible to researchers, benefiting both conservation and private companies.
Researchers at the University of Washington developed a new PCB that performs on par with traditional materials and can be recycled repeatedly. The process uses a solvent to transform a type of vitrimer into a jelly-like substance, allowing solid components to be plucked out for reuse or recycling.
Researchers from UChicago create TopicVelo, a new method using scRNA-seq data to study dynamic processes in cells. The method groups data by biological processes, such as ribosomal synthesis, differentiation, and immune response, to better understand how cells change over time.
Researchers discovered evidence of ceremonial plant offerings beneath a ballcourt in Yaxnohcah, Mexico. Environmental DNA analysis revealed the presence of plants with religious and medicinal significance, indicating a possible blessing ritual during construction.
A Japanese research team from Shinshu University has successfully tested a novel approach to regenerative heart therapy using human induced pluripotent stem cells. The strategy involves injecting cardiac spheroids into damaged hearts, resulting in improved blood pumping capability and minimal arrhythmias in primate models.
This study proposes a new configuration for an electric tractor with a wheel-side motor independent drive system, battery ballast system, and direct-drive electro-hydraulic suspension system. The proposed active control method reduces tractor slip by 14.83% and increases traction efficiency by 10.28%.
Malaria parasite can be transmitted through blood donations, organ transplants, and needle sharing. Dr. Sophie Le Cam highlights the need for more sensitive testing methods to detect asymptomatic infections in donors from malaria-endemic countries.
Researchers found a bias in X-chromosome inactivation that protects females from harmful mutations linked to autism. The study suggests the paternal X chromosome is inactivated in 60% of cells, preventing mutation effects.
A new study using electrophysiology and optogenetics has shown that neurons in the primary visual cortex respond to brightness illusions, settling a long-standing debate in neuroscience. The findings suggest that higher-level neurons play a crucial role in modulating activity in lower-level neurons.
Researchers surveyed 260 chronic cannabis users, finding they are motivated to exert effort while high and not lazy. Chronic use also affects self-regulation, leading to increased impulsivity and decreased thoughtfulness.
University of Bonn researchers found that harmless particles improve immune responses and enhance lung function in mice. The study used beta-glucan to stimulate the immune system, resulting in a modified response to pathogenic bacteria.
A mid-stage trial of an experimental malaria monoclonal antibody found it to be 77% effective in preventing infection and disease in children in Mali. The treatment, administered by subcutaneous injection, was developed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and is designed to provide long-acting protection against malaria.
A team of LMU researchers has deciphered the mechanism by which a tiny chromatin modifying enzyme called ISWI remains mobile in the cell nucleus. The study reveals that ISWI consumes ATP to navigate through densely packed chromatin and prevent it from becoming too rigid.
A new study by UNC Charlotte Professor Abigail Leavitt LaBella and colleagues reveals that yeasts do not fit the 'jack of all trades, master of none' adage. They found that yeasts with a broad ability to metabolize different carbon sources are actually efficient growers.
Researchers have trained interpretable deep learning models on genomic information to identify correlations between genetic variants and crop traits. The AI technology accurately predicts gene activity and pinpoints specific sequence variations that explain observed differences in gene activity.
Researchers found that increased CO2 concentrations prolong the life of SARS-CoV-2 variants in airborne particles, increasing transmission risk. Fresh air with lower CO2 levels can inactivate viruses faster, making opening windows an effective mitigation strategy.
Researchers developed a blood test that accurately predicted knee osteoarthritis development and progression, detecting molecular signals eight years before x-ray diagnosis. This breakthrough offers new hope for early intervention and therapeutic strategies to slow disease progression and restore joint health.
Under Secretary for Science and Innovation Geraldine Richmond visited the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility to discuss its research portfolio diversification efforts. The lab is working to ensure diverse communities have access to its programs, support, and opportunities.
Medscape has removed its accredited medical education courses on smoking cessation funded by Philip Morris International following a BMJ investigation. The move comes as doctors and academics call for a global ban on industry-funded medical education, citing concerns over ethics and the potential to prolong tobacco use.
A new analysis published in Circulation Research finds strong evidence that transportation noise is closely linked to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. The study suggests that traffic noise increases the risk of cardiometabolic diseases such as ischemic heart disease, heart failure, stroke, and diabetes.
A new study suggests that stimulating specific areas of the brain can affect heart rate in individuals with depressive disorders. The researchers found high accuracy in identifying optimal treatment spots using heart rate measurements during brain stimulation.
Researchers have created a more efficient light-driven molecular motor, which can be used for various applications such as controlling molecular self-assembly and creating chiral dopants in liquid crystals. The new design also enables the motor to work more efficiently in medical applications due to its longer wavelength absorption.
Researchers developed nanodots with single ferroelectric and ferromagnetic domains using multiferroic material BFCO, enabling energy-efficient writing and reading operations. The smaller nanodot showed a single-domain structure, while the larger one exhibited multi-domain vortex structures, demonstrating strong magnetoelectric coupling.
A new UCLA Health study found that undocumented Latinx patients who sought care in emergency rooms during the pandemic received the COVID-19 vaccine at the same rate as U.S. citizens. The group had higher rates of prior COVID-19 infection compared to other groups.
Decreased gut bacterial diversity was found in patients with NAFLD, while Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus 2 were associated with the disease. The study identified a combination of microbiomes and biochemical indexes that distinguished NAFLD from normal livers.
By 2050, one-third of the world's basins may reach peak groundwater extraction, leading to significant shifts in trade and agriculture. Scientists analyzed patterns in nonrenewable groundwater usage over the next century to inform decision-making and adaptative measures.
A study of 26,000 US participants found that both individual- and area-level social determinants contribute to cardiovascular disease risk. The findings suggest that these factors should be considered in future risk assessment tools, especially for Black individuals.
Researchers at RIKEN have improved the stability of a green hydrogen production process by using a custom-made catalyst, increasing its lifetime by almost 4,000 times. The breakthrough uses earth-abundant materials, making it more sustainable and potentially cost-effective for widespread industrial use.
A new study establishes official climate divisions in Hawaii, improving climate research and forecasting. Chronic pain sufferers who spend time outdoors experience stronger weather-based effects, while lightning-initiated wildfires are responsible for more than half the acres burned in the contiguous United States.
A new study reveals mice think like babies, exhibiting exploratory and strategic behavior when learning tasks. Researchers found that mice adjust their strategy based on expectations and internal models, leading to improved performance without rewards.
A recent study found that individuals with a rare condition known as growth hormone receptor deficiency (GHRD) have normal or improved levels of cardiovascular disease risk factors compared to their relatives. This suggests that GHRD may actually protect against cardiovascular disease, contrary to previous speculation.
Scientists propose a transformative approach to resolve the Nile conflict by increasing electricity trade between Ethiopia, Sudan, and Egypt. This study reveals that energy-water system simulation can alleviate tensions and promote win-win situations for all parties involved.
Researchers developed a robot that uses machine learning to automate microinjection in genetic research, enabling large-scale experiments. The technology has the potential to expand genetic research capabilities while reducing costs.
A large-scale study of 572 Asian families with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations found increased breast cancer risk over time, with highest incidence at age 55. The study provides a new framework for estimating cancer risks in Asian carriers, supporting tailored clinical management approaches.
A study led by the Paul Scherrer Institute reveals that incomplete combustion and biomass burning are major contributors to New Delhi's air pollution. The research found that particulate matter in the air causes oxidative stress, leading to illnesses such as asthma and hypertension.
Scientists have found a new way to create ordered states in quantum systems by increasing particle motility, leading to potential breakthroughs in quantum computing and magnetic memory. This discovery extends the concept of active matter to the quantum realm and has far-reaching implications for technology development.
A new nanomaterial has been developed to mimic the behavior of proteins and may lead to effective treatments for Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. The nanomaterial alters the interaction between two key proteins in brain cells, potentially providing a powerful therapeutic effect.
The JACC family of journals published a series on chronological vs biological aging, exploring its impact on CVD risk, progression, and management. The series emphasizes the need for tailored prevention and treatment strategies.
Researchers found a significant reduction in quetiapine use among nursing home patients (7%) and community-dwelling patients (15%), without signs of adverse effects. The intervention improved mental health outcomes and slightly reduced the risk of death for patients living in the community.
Research published in BMJ Nutrition Prevention & Health found that living at higher altitudes in India increases the risk of childhood stunting. Children living above 2000m are 40% more likely to be stunted than those below 1000m. Mother's education and access to healthcare also play a crucial role in preventing stunting.
Researchers identify a key point of vulnerability in NF-κB activation by targeting an oligosaccharyltransferase complex. This approach may lead to therapies inhibiting STT3A, trapping the complex in an inactive state and blocking inflammation and cancer.
In Central Italy, traditional land management practices like leaf litter raking and sheep grazing reduced wildfire risk. However, these practices have been largely forgotten due to historical classism and sexism. The research highlights the importance of remembering these ancient practices in mitigating future wildfires.
The event, part of CoARA Boost project, examines current research assessment practices that perpetuate a 'publish or perish' culture. Discussants explore efforts such as DORA, FOLEC-CLACSO, and CoARA to promote openness, integrity, and equity.
A nationwide survey found that pregnant people are more likely to receive the RSV vaccine if they believe the virus can be a serious illness in infants. The study also shows that parents with an existing child at home are more likely to get vaccinated, highlighting the importance of awareness and education.
A recent study by Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute found that bisexual women died 37% sooner and lesbian women 20% sooner than heterosexual women. The study analyzed data from over 100,000 female nurses and highlighted the need for targeted interventions to reduce disparities among sexual minority groups.
DPABINet enables users to construct brain networks, conduct graph theory analysis, and perform statistical analysis with a single click, eliminating the need for programming expertise. The platform enhances brain structural network research derived from diffusion-weighted imaging, providing a robust analysis framework.
A new study found that genetic variants in lysosomal genes may contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease in individuals exposed to high levels of pesticides. The research suggests a potential gene-environment interaction, where minor changes in these genes can lead to increased disease risk under stress.
Associate Professor Siouxsie Wiles collaborated with cartoonist Toby Morris to create digestible graphics about COVID-19, reducing transmission chains and promoting public measures. However, she faced abusive messages and personal attacks, highlighting the need for adequate support from employers.
Cool-season turfgrasses face challenges under high temperature stress, leading to reduced growth and increased maintenance costs. Research proposes methods to enhance heat tolerance through molecular characterization and breeding strategies.
A Brazilian study found that a major bivalent COVID-19 vaccine induces neutralizing antibodies against the original coronavirus strain and subvariants of omicron. The vaccine's effectiveness was confirmed, but its importance in controlling disease was limited by its focus on the original strain.
A University of Turku study found that maternal grandmother investment improves grandchildren's well-being, particularly after facing adversities. This support can have lasting effects into adulthood, reducing risks of premature death and lower likelihood of having children.
Researchers found that plastic food packaging contains a vast array of toxic chemicals, affecting hormone secretion and metabolism. The study identifies 11 chemical combinations that can activate G-protein-coupled receptors, potentially disrupting bodily functions.
Researchers found deer density is lower in areas with colder winters, but human land use has a smaller impact on deer populations than climate change. As the climate warms, deer are expected to continue expanding northward, posing an increased risk to caribou populations.
Narrowband perovskite photodetectors have achieved excellent detection performance with half-peak full-widths of 10-50 nm, opening up new opportunities for multispectral detection. The development of new strategies, such as charge collection narrowing effect and surface roughening effect, has improved their performance.
A new tool helps prioritize infants most at risk for severe RSV illness, allowing for targeted preventive medication with long-acting nirsevimab. The tool has good predictive accuracy and internal validation, indicating a potential game-changer in RSV prevention among high-risk infants.
A recent study suggests that removing the bursa during shoulder surgery may impair the success of rotator cuff repairs. The researchers found that the bursa protects the undamaged tendon and bone by maintaining their mechanical properties and promoting healing. Retaining the bursa may prevent or delay progression of tendon degeneration.
Effective public health communication is crucial for controlling the spread of disease, maintaining public trust, and encouraging compliance with health measures during epidemics. The African continent's diverse linguistic and cultural landscape requires tailored communication strategies to address social and economic factors.