A significant disparity in mortality rates was observed between lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual female nurses, highlighting the need to address modifiable risks and social forces driving these disparities. The study's findings underscore the importance of promoting inclusive workplaces and addressing LGBTQ+ health inequities.
Researchers found that a high single dose of creatine can temporarily improve cognitive performance reduced by sleep deprivation. This was seen in improvements in processing capacity and short-term memory.
Scientists developed a new tool to predict methane emission flux behavior from abandoned shale gas wells. By analyzing shale samples, they created a unified gas transport model to estimate methane emissions after a well is decommissioned.
A multicenter study found that dapagliflozin improves diuresis and reduces hospital stays in patients with acute heart failure. The drug was shown to be safe and effective when initiated during early hospitalization, leading to faster discharge times.
Researchers found a three-component signaling pathway in hepatic stellate cells that leads to collagen production and liver fibrosis. A novel RNA-based treatment, ASO, was designed to block this pathway, preventing fibrosis without side effects.
Researchers at Osaka University discovered that certain 'sentinel macrophages' near the liver's entrance protect it against intestinal bacteria and related substances. Isoallo-lithocholic acid triggers their activation, highlighting a potential target for preventing liver inflammation and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.
A University of Michigan study found that women caregivers are 60% more likely to engage in caregiving travel on typical weekdays, leading to increased stress and decreased happiness compared to men. The researchers recommend improvements to public transportation planning to reduce this disparity and promote a more equitable society.
A global meta-analysis of 186 studies reveals that conservation actions have a net positive effect on biodiversity in two-thirds of cases. Conservation efforts targeting species and ecosystems, such as invasive species control and habitat restoration, show the largest impact.
The review discusses the basic functions of HXK, SnRK1 and TOR proteins, regulating plant sugar metabolism and response to stress. The study also explores regulatory networks and crosstalk among these proteins for further investigation.
Researchers at University of Kansas discover a new compound that inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in cell models by targeting the 'Mac-1' protein. This finding offers hope for developing new treatments and preventing future pandemics.
A nationwide study in Japan found that the proportion of home deaths increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in areas with high population density and numerous enhanced home care clinics. The study suggests that these factors played a crucial role in meeting the increased demand for home care services.
The lionfish species has significantly expanded its territory in the Mediterranean since its invasion began around ten years ago. Lionfish are generalist predators that impact ecosystems by preying extensively on local fishes, including endemics of high conservation value.
Researchers successfully regenerated mouse brain circuits in mice using rat stem cells, offering new opportunities for restoring lost brain function due to disease and aging. The studies found that blastocyst complementation can synchronize the development of stem cells from different species with the host's brain.
Researchers at NTU Singapore and Temasek Polytechnic develop a new, sustainable feed alternative for farmed Asian seabass, reducing reliance on wild-caught fishmeal. The single cell protein is cultivated from soybean processing wastewater, offering a promising solution to the aquaculture industry's environmental challenges.
Researchers discovered that Acanthophora spicifera extracts inhibit Vibrio coralliilyticus growth and improve survival rates in Ostrea edulis larvae. The study highlights the potential of natural compounds from seaweeds as an alternative to antibiotics for aquaculture disease control.
Research found that oil spills in freshwater produce more chemical changes, creating compounds that can persist longer in the environment. The study simulated a freshwater oil spill and analyzed water samples using mass spectrometry, revealing higher concentrations of oxygen-loaded chemicals.
Targeted genome editing tools have revolutionized crop breeding methods, significantly improving breeding efficiency and precision. The latest advances in base editing, prime editing, and precise manipulation tools are expected to become critical foundational technologies for future crop research and breeding applications.
A new study by the American Cancer Society found that cancer survivors reporting loneliness experience a higher mortality risk compared to those with low or no loneliness. The study identified a dose-response association between loneliness levels and mortality risk, with the highest risk among those experiencing severe loneliness.
Researchers uncover evolutionary history of secreted iron uptake molecules in yeasts, revealing complex dynamics between cooperation and competition for this essential nutrient. Yeast species have developed alternative mechanisms to utilize siderophores without producing them, offering insights into the evolution of microbial strategies.
A study by Dr. Carolin Sommer-Trembo and her team found a strong correlation between exploratory behavior and habitat in African cichlid species. The researchers identified a genetic variant that makes fish more curious, which may have implications for understanding mechanisms of biodiversity and human personality.
A German study of over 1,300 hospitalised adults with moderate COVID-19 found that antibiotic treatment was associated with a five times greater likelihood of clinical deterioration. The researchers highlight the need for improved antibiotic stewardship interventions and rational use of antibiotics during viral pandemics.
Researchers at CeMM and Pfizer have developed a novel method to measure the binding activity of hundreds of small molecules against thousands of human proteins. The study revealed tens of thousands of ligand-protein interactions that can now be explored for drug development.
Researchers at the University of Adelaide have identified a fundamental discovery that could help reduce the economic harm caused by Fusarium head blight, a fungal disease on the rise due to climate change. The study found that the TaHRC gene functions in wheat cells and can either increase or decrease susceptibility to FHB.
A study by University of Hawaii researchers suggests that revitalizing Indigenous aquaculture systems, known as loko iʻa fishponds, can increase locally available seafood production. This revival has the potential to boost local food production and provide a sustainable solution to Hawaiʻi's seafood supply.
Long-term research reveals herring arrive at least two weeks earlier in the Wadden Sea due to climate change. The consistent measurement approach allowed scientists to detect this change over a period of over 60 years.
A nationally representative study of 25,000 participants found that US adults with post-COVID-19 condition are more likely to experience depression and anxiety symptoms than the general population. Individuals with these symptoms reported higher rates of cost-related barriers to accessing mental health treatment.
A computer vision researcher has developed privacy software for surveillance videos that obscures identifiable information such as faces and clothing in real-time. The software, funded by the National Science Foundation's Accelerating Research Translation program, aims to balance surveillance needs with privacy concerns.
Disposable vape sales quadrupled in the UK between 2022 and 2023, contributing to e-waste accumulation. The technology contains valuable resources like lithium, but recycling is often difficult due to lack of clear instructions. Experts call for urgent reform of disposable electronics practices to protect the environment.
A global genomic surveillance system using latest technologies and a 'One Health' approach can detect novel pathogens like avian influenza and antimicrobial resistance, catching epidemics before they start. This can inform vaccination campaigns, targeted treatments, and public health responses to prevent epidemics.
A recent US study found that hospital-acquired antimicrobial-resistant infections increased by 32% during the COVID-19 pandemic and still exceed pre-pandemic levels. The study highlights the urgent need for solutions to address difficult-to-treat gram-negative infections, which are becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics.
Researchers led by POSTECH Professor Yong-Young Noh discovered that tellurium oxide can function as a p-type semiconductor in oxygen-deficient environments. They successfully engineered high-performance amorphous p-type oxide Thin-Film Transistors (TFTs) with exceptional hole mobility and on/off current ratio.
Researchers have identified cocaine as a contaminant of concern in the Bay of Santos' water, sediments, and marine organisms. The drug causes toxicological effects in animals such as mussels, oysters, and fish, with severe bioaccumulation and ecotoxicological risks.
Researchers found that vitamin D encourages the growth of a type of gut bacteria in mice which improves immunity to cancer. Mice given a diet rich in vitamin D had better immune resistance to experimentally transplanted cancers and improved responses to immunotherapy treatment.
Researchers from NIMS and Tokyo University of Science developed a compact AI device that utilizes molecular vibrations to predict blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes. The device outperformed existing AI devices with a 50% error reduction, paving the way for low-power AI terminal devices with various sensors.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute discover that liver mitochondria adapt to food presence via nerve cells, leading to improved insulin sensitivity. This finding could pave the way for new type 2 diabetes treatments.
A University of Massachusetts Amherst study is tracking over 300 infants and preschoolers to assess the importance of napping on brain development. The research aims to identify the bioregulatory mechanisms involved in napping and its impact on memory, with findings expected to inform nap policies for young children.
Researchers have developed a compact and lightweight single-photon airborne lidar system that can acquire high-resolution 3D images with a low-power laser. The system uses single-photon detection techniques to measure time-of-flight, enabling highly accurate 3D mapping of terrain and objects even in challenging environments.
A study provides genomic insights into Mei tree breeding, enhancing ornamental qualities and environmental adaptability. Researchers have identified key gene families influencing traits such as flower fragrance and cold hardiness.
A study of 2,780 participants found that people generally trust scientists, but levels vary depending on the field. Trust is driven by perceptions of competence and morality, with controversy sparking greater importance of morality.
SpatialData unifies spatial omics data from various technologies, enabling holistic analysis of cellular interactions and tissue function. The framework provides a unified representation and implements ergonomic operations for convenient processing of spatial omics data.
Increased vitamin D bioavailability leads to changes in the microbiome favoring Bacteroides fragilis, enhancing immune-mediated resistance to cancer. Fecal transplantation transfers this anti-cancer immunity to other mice.
Researchers found that water erosion acts as a net sink of atmospheric CO2, offsetting horizontal soil organic carbon removal. The study suggests that ecological restoration projects and tillage practices can improve the capacity of the carbon sink for recovery beyond the rate of horizontal carbon removal.
Research finds that the Arctic warming is causing a decline in dust levels across India, the Persian Gulf Coast, and the Middle East. The study suggests that addressing dust reduction should be done in tandem with efforts to curb emissions and mitigate climate change.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet developed a Single Cell Atlas (SCA) platform to profile human biology through multi-omics technologies. The extensive collection of data provides unique insights into individual cell properties and tissue interactions.
A team of scientists estimates that proposed offshore wind turbines could take away energy from existing ones, reducing power output by 34-38%. The 'wake effect' reduces total power generation due to slower wind behind turbines. Predicting wake effects can help grid operators manage them and ensure a balanced supply-demand balance.
A new study by Michigan State University researchers found that state-paid family leave policies can help prevent child abuse. The study compared four states with implemented paid family leave to those without it and found a statistically significant reduction in infant maltreatment rates.
A four-year study found tai chi improved sleep quality, anxiety, depression, and physical function in advanced lung cancer patients. Tai chi demonstrated superior benefits over aerobic exercise in terms of mortality risk reduction and fatigue reduction.
A comprehensive meta-analysis of 186 studies found that conservation actions improved biodiversity in 66% of cases, slowing decline or increasing species populations. While some interventions were ineffective, they still provided valuable knowledge for refining methods and addressing systemic drivers of biodiversity loss.
A study by researchers at the University of Tsukuba found that individuals' perceptions of social isolation and loneliness are strongly linked to increased depressive symptoms. The objective state of social isolation itself has little association with these feelings or mental health outcomes.
Clinical trials show decreased effectiveness of vancomycin in treating C. diff infection, with reduced cure rates and lower sustained clinical responses associated with antimicrobial resistance. The finding poses a significant concern for the management of C. diff infection, with only two recommended antibiotics available.
Researchers mapped over 1,000 yeast species to understand their genetic blueprints and evolutionary history. The results suggest that internal factors are the primary drivers of variation in a yeast's ability to eat different foods.
Experts argue that voluntary corporate emissions targets are not enough to create real climate action, as they may favor larger existing companies and hinder innovation. The authors suggest updating regulations to improve corporate climate ambition.
The study provides a comprehensive dataset for assessing canopy-level photosynthesis and its relationship with far-red SIF. The data can be used to validate satellite SIF products and improve models for predicting crop yield and assessing plant health.
A team of mathematicians discovered a previously unknown aerodynamic phenomenon in bird flocking, where small groups benefit from precise interactions, but larger groups are disrupted by dislodging members. This breakthrough has potential applications in transportation and energy efficiency.
University of Birmingham researchers are developing a screening tool to identify patients most susceptible to persistent opioid usage after major surgery. The project aims to combine metabolic, neurobiological and cognitive profiles to predict patient responses to pain management, enabling clinicians to build targeted treatment plans.
Researchers developed a high-throughput multiscale evaluation method to quantify and visualize thermal stress in thermal barrier coatings. The approach considers phase transition of ceramic layers, providing a theoretical basis for life prediction and reverse design of coating materials.
Researchers at Columbia University Irving Medical Center have created mice with hybrid brains, allowing them to use rat neurons to sense odors accurately. The study's findings suggest that adding replacement neurons isn't plug-and-play, highlighting the need to remove dysfunctional neurons for functional replacement in neurodegenerativ...
A recent study found that nearly one-in-five chlamydia patients and one-in-four gonorrhea patients did not receive CDC-recommended treatment. Treatment rates were higher for individuals seen in public health clinics, particularly males, younger patients, and those identifying as Black or multiracial.
Researchers from Bonn, Berlin, Münster, and Mannheim provide an overview of an underestimated imaging technique that supports the diagnosis and monitoring of posterior uveitis and panuveitis. Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) is a fast and non-invasive method for imaging the fundus of the eye, providing indications of active inflammation.
Two new international standards for wearable devices were published by ETRI, establishing a global common criterion for evaluating measurement accuracy in fitness wearables. These standards will improve public health and stimulate the related industries. ETRI is actively working on discovering and standardizing new international standa...