A study by University of Zurich researchers identified critical shortcomings in current climate risk assessment methods, which often rely on simplified and proxy data. The new methodology provides a more accurate picture of climate risks, highlighting the need for granular data in risk assessments.
A new study by iDiv-IIASA highlights the need for improved biodiversity monitoring in Europe, citing limitations such as fragmented efforts and lack of integrated data. The researchers identified key policy areas and solutions to address these challenges, including enhanced coordination, standardization, and stakeholder engagement.
A new microscopy method has allowed researchers to detect tiny changes in the atomic-level architecture of crystalline materials. The technique could advance our ability to understand the fundamental origins of materials properties and behaviour.
A recent study published in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery found that American Indian/Alaska Native women have consistently lower rates of breast reconstruction after mastectomy compared to non-Hispanic White women. The disparity persists despite an upward trend in reconstruction rates, with AI/AN women being nearly half less likel...
The study reconstructed an ancestral karyotype from 11 protochromosomes, showing that durian underwent chromosome reshuffling around 20 million years ago. The upgraded genome found expanded WGD genes enriched in lignin biosynthesis, promoting the development of characteristic fruit spines.
A research team led by a CNRS scientist has observed that gut cells play a role in the regeneration of intestine and other tissues like muscle and epidermis. The study found that gut cell plasticity varies according to their location, with those closer to the posterior end rebuilding more diverse cell types.
A Harvard study found that people who followed a healthy diet from their 40s onward were 43-84% more likely to be well-functioning physically and mentally at age 70 compared with those who did not. Adhering to diets rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats was associated with greater odds of healthy aging.
Researchers found that individual responses to proteins and fats can drive insulin production, challenging the long-held belief that fats have negligible effects on insulin release. This study has implications for tailored dietary guidance to manage blood sugar and insulin levels in individuals with diabetes or those at risk.
Scientists at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory have made advances in optoelectronics by integrating a III-V semiconductor optoelectronic structure with a chiral halide perovskite semiconductor. This breakthrough enables control over electron spin, which can be used to increase data processing speeds and decrease power consumption.
A recent Mayo Clinic study published in Nature Medicine found that senolytic drugs can have beneficial effects on bone formation in older women with a high number of senescent cells. However, these drugs may not be effective for everyone and more research is needed to better identify potential beneficiaries.
Researchers at SRI International have developed a novel injectable formulation for malaria treatment that provides months of protection against the disease. The formulation has shown to maintain high concentrations of the anti-malarial drug ELQ-331 in the bloodstream, overcoming issues with resistance and patient compliance.
A recent study found that a genetic variant associated with obesity risk also influences thermogenesis in humans, suggesting an African origin story linked to adapting to cold environments. The research team analyzed the rs1421085 T>C variant and its correlation with human migration routes.
Researchers discovered that CREB3 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression by suppressing AKT signaling through interaction with the insulin receptor and transcriptional activation of RBM38. Lower CREB3 expression in HCC tissues was associated with poorer outcomes.
Researchers at NIH have identified a new brain circuit in primates that quickly detects faces, which could help explain how humans develop facial recognition skills. The discovery sheds light on the neural mechanisms underlying face detection and recognition, potentially providing insights into conditions like autism.
Researchers conducted four preclinical studies indicating they're closer to an immunization regimen that could produce rare antibodies effective against a wide range of HIV strains. The findings build on a 2022 phase I clinical trial and represent a key step forward in an immunization strategy that could protect against the virus.
Physicists have developed a new analytical model that sheds light on how thin-film solar cells achieve optimal efficiency. The study reveals a critical balance between collecting electricity and minimizing losses due to recombination.
Subnormal serum liver enzyme levels can result from deficiencies in pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (vitamin B6), as well as conditions such as chronic kidney disease. Recognizing these patterns is crucial for early diagnosis and management of diseases, allowing for targeted treatments and improved patient outcomes.
Researchers developed engineered plasma B cells that produce large quantities of bispecific antibodies to target leukemia. These cells demonstrated sustained antitumor activity comparable to blinatumomab and may provide a long-term solution for cancer treatment.
Scientists have developed a near chromosome-level genome for the Mojave poppy bee, which is a specialist pollinator of conservation concern. The genome assembly will help researchers understand the bee's biological traits, including host-plant specialization and susceptibility to pesticides.
A new study finds that antimicrobial peptide mixtures can delay the evolution of antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The mixtures, which are synthesized in a lab, were found to prevent cross-resistance and maintain drug sensitivity.
Pharmacogenomics (PGx) testing can predict how patients will respond to systemic therapies, enabling personalized treatment plans and optimizing medication dosages. A specific gene variant, HSD3B1, has been linked to castration-resistant prostate cancer progression.
Soil degradation, plant autotoxicity, and soil-borne diseases are primary causes of continuous cropping obstacles. Effective measures to reduce CCOs include regulating the rhizosphere, optimizing water and fertilizer management, conservation tillage, and soil biological regulation.
Researchers identify the GmSWEET2 gene as a significant regulator of seed hardness, enabling the development of customized varieties with tailored textures. The study highlights the importance of understanding genetic regulation during specific developmental stages to manipulate seed hardness effectively.
Researchers used statistical physics and network science to analyze European electricity price data, revealing that factors beyond Russian gas were at play during the 2021-2022 energy crisis. The study found strong correlations between certain countries' markets and unexpected impacts on electricity prices.
Scientists at Yokohama National University have developed a novel approach to create dual-pore molecular crystals with two distinct functionalities. By using quasi-racemates, the researchers achieved social self-sorting of two pairs of quasi-racemates to form ring-shaped molecules with varying pore sizes.
Researchers found that glaucophytes produce potent hormones like ethylene in response to external stressors, slowing down their growth rate. This suggests that the ability to use chemical cues is not unique to complex life.
A new lab test developed by Weill Cornell Medicine can detect persistent HIV strains in Africa, a vital tool in the search for an HIV cure. The test helps measure the persistence of HIV in people affected by viral strains found predominantly in Africa, where women are disproportionately affected.
A new editorial paper discusses molecular and cytogenetic analyses used to identify distinct subtypes of acute myeloid leukemias (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Researchers found that around 15% of AML cases remain genetically unclassifiable, emphasizing the need for further research.
Researchers show that individuals can influence others to make decisions in the best interest of society through social norms and positive feedback loops. This approach can be more effective than centralized models in achieving collective action.
Research reveals wildfire ash can have devastating consequences on Australian water ecosystems, affecting both terrestrial and aquatic organisms. The study found that two common crustacean species had varying levels of sensitivity to ash concentrations, with some unable to survive even low doses.
A recent study by Maynooth University has found that extreme temperatures in Ireland have increased significantly over the past few decades. The research reveals that temperature events of 33 degrees Celsius have become a regular occurrence, with some areas experiencing them every 9 years, up from once every 180 years in 1942.
A recent study by D'Or Institute for Research and Education highlights the importance of cultural adaptation in behavioral interventions aimed at the population. Community engagement throughout the entire adaptation cycle is key to success, according to researchers.
An Italian study found that adherence to the Mediterranean Diet after a cancer diagnosis is associated with reduced mortality, especially from cardiovascular disease. Participants who followed a high-Mediterranean-Diet pattern had a 32% lower risk of mortality compared to those with lower adherence.
Researchers at Universiteit van Amsterdam found that observing prejudiced individuals interact with group members can lead to the formation of similar prejudices. Observers often go on to act with prejudice without realizing they've been influenced, misperceiving worse behavior from group members who interacted with a prejudiced actor.
A genetic study discovered a gene, TRPC5, associated with obesity, behavioral problems, and postnatal depression in mothers. Oxytocin may alleviate symptoms, suggesting it as a potential treatment for postnatal depression.
Researchers at the University of Alberta discovered a critical link between the heart and brain in KBG syndrome, a rare neurodevelopmental disorder. The study found that mutations in the ANKRD11 gene impact both brain development and heart defects.
Researchers found that high blood levels of saturated fatty acids, particularly palmitate, cause pre-activation of innate immune cells in obese non-diabetics. This leads to elevated inflammatory molecules when infected with SARS-CoV-2, increasing the risk of severe COVID-19.
A comprehensive analysis of book bans in US schools reveals that women authors of color are 4.5 times more likely to be banned than white authors, particularly for writing children's books about diverse characters.
Scientists at the University of Warwick have investigated a range of contributing risk factors for suicide in a large-scale study. The study identified biological and behavioral predictors, including elevated white blood cells, neuroticism, childhood experiences, and reduced grey matter in the brain.
Researchers at the University of Gothenburg developed an AI model called Candycrunch to automate the analysis of glycan structures in cancer cells. The model can identify abnormal structures and biomarkers in just a few seconds, accelerating the discovery of new treatments.
A study published in JAMA Internal Medicine found that specific exercise concomitant with chemotherapy can prevent nerve damage in many cases. The exercises reduced the incidence of CIPN (chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy) by 50-70% and improved patients' perceived quality of life.
A large-scale genetic study has found a significant link between the age of puberty in girls and weight gain, highlighting potential risks for early puberty and obesity. The study identified over 1,000 genetic variants that influence the age of first menstrual period, with around 600 being observed for the first time.
A research team developed an innovative UAV-based method to quantify wheat uniformity, estimating leaf area index, SPAD, fractional vegetation cover, and plant height. The approach showed strong correlations between specific indices and yield and biomass predictions, outperforming models using mean values.
Professor Hong Xue at George Mason University is receiving $450,000 to implement a youth tobacco prevention project using AI and immersive technologies. The project aims to tackle electronic cigarette/tobacco use among Virginia's youth population.
Researchers uncover the CsmiR397a-CsLAC17 module's role in regulating lignin biosynthesis, essential for balancing quality and resistance. The discovery offers promising avenues for improving tea quality and disease resistance.
Scientists have developed a new immunotherapy that can identify and fight cancer cells in patients with Merkel cell carcinoma. The treatment involves stimulating the immune system's T cells against specific elements of the virus involved in cancer formation.
Researchers developed a light-driven in vitro enzymatic system to produce α-farnesene, a valuable natural terpenoid, from methanol. The new method harnesses renewable resources and uses thylakoid membranes as a light-powered engine to convert methanol into α-farnesene.
Researchers from the University of Konstanz discovered that locusts adapt their sense of smell when they switch to a gregarious lifestyle. This adaptation allows them to better detect food odours in the swarm's complex environment, enabling them to find food despite being in a crowded swarm.
Researchers describe a new concept for an immune response against cancer and aging using senescent cell-derived vaccines. The vaccines aim to stimulate the immune system against cancer cells and slow down or reverse aging-related diseases.
A new American Heart Association scientific statement highlights the benefits of palliative care in managing symptoms and improving quality of life for people with cardiovascular disease. Palliative care complements standard cardiovascular care by reducing physical symptoms, emotional distress, and assisting patients in making decision...
Extravasation of newborn intravenous infusions can lead to severe complications. Chemical stimulation, infusion rates, and nurse expertise are key factors influencing this risk. Improving understanding and addressing these factors can help prevent extravasation and improve outcomes for neonates.
A new study of over 3,000 people found that dietary quality was closely linked with trends in general cognitive ability, with those eating more recommended foods showing improved cognitive performance and reduced risk of dementia. Establishing healthy dietary patterns early in life may support brain health throughout life.
A team of researchers from the University of Southern Denmark has discovered a mechanism that reduces the formation of biofilm on the surface of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a bacterium commonly found in hospitals and resistant to most antibiotics. The biofilm-reducing system is naturally stimulated by cell wall stress, and its discovery of...
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet developed nanorobots that target and kill cancer cells using a 'kill switch' activated in low pH environments. The study achieved a 70% reduction in tumour growth in mice, paving the way for further investigation into its potential as a cancer treatment.
Researchers at North Carolina State University have developed a lightweight fluidic engine that can power muscle-mimicking soft robots for use in assistive devices. The new engine generates significant force and is untethered to an external power source, making it particularly attractive for improving people's ability to move their upp...
A study by University of Texas at Dallas geoscientist Dr. Robert Stern and colleague Taras Gerya suggests that plate tectonics, oceans, and continents are necessary for the evolution of intelligent civilizations. The researchers propose refining the Drake equation factor to account for these requirements, which could explain the Fermi ...
Researchers discovered adaptations in metabolism and swimming abilities that enable fish to survive extreme temperatures in the Arabian Gulf. The study challenges prevailing views on the 'shrinking of fishes phenomenon' and proposes a new theory on energy balance and survival.
The researchers created a 3D-printed material that can be soft and stretchable, eliminating drawbacks of previous fabrication methods. The new method uses liquid metal-based conductors with a conductive polymer mixture, resulting in high conductivity without the need for secondary activation.
Researchers used AI to analyze over 16,000 butterfly images, finding both males and females contribute to diversity among species. The study resolves a century-old debate between Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace on the role of natural selection in female evolution.
A new technique, METAPHOR, visualizes embryo metabolism to predict implantation success and full-term birth, increasing the probability of success in assisted reproduction processes.