A new study has improved the detection of heart failure in women, allowing for earlier diagnosis and potentially life-saving treatment. The research used magnetic resonance imaging to fine-tune how pressures inside the heart are measured, increasing accuracy by 16.5% for female patients.
A study evaluates 14 carbon dioxide removal (CDR) measures in Germany, finding ecosystem-based methods like reforestation and seagrass restoration to be low-hurdle options. However, measures like bioenergy with carbon capture storage face significant economic and institutional hurdles.
A study published in JAMA Surgery found that bariatric surgery significantly reduces the risk of breast cancer in women with obesity, particularly those with high blood insulin levels. The results show a 32% lower risk overall and a 52% lower risk for women with high insulin levels at the start of the study.
This issue of Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B features significant research on drug discovery, cancer treatment, and immunotherapy. The journal includes studies on targeting RAF dimers, oligomerization of drug transporters, and the role of bile acids in coronavirus disease.
Seventy-five researchers from 46 countries recorded traditional music and speech to analyze pitch, timbre, and rhythm. The study found songs and instrumental melodies are slower, higher, and more stable than speech, suggesting synchronization and social bonding facilitate musical performance.
A study published in Circulation found that revascularization significantly enhances the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia. Patients who underwent endovascular intervention (Endo) showed slight statistical superiority over those who received surgical bypass (Bypass) in some HRQoL...
Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital have designed novel PXR inhibitors that can block the activity of pregnane X receptor, a key regulator of drug metabolism. The study provides new insights into the relationship between compounds that activate and inhibit PXR, with implications for designing more effective therapeutics.
Taking pro- and prebiotics affects levels of altruistic punishment in ultimatum game players. Participants who took supplements were more likely to reject unfair offers, with those having a high Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio seeing the greatest changes.
Researchers found that tiger beetles respond to bat echolocation by producing their own ultrasonic signal, which they believe is a defense mechanism. The beetles' defensive chemicals are not effective at deterring bats, but the sound itself may be used to trick bats into thinking they are noxious.
Researchers found that individuals without an inner voice performed poorly in remembering words in sequence and identifying rhyming words. However, they did not exhibit significant differences in switching between tasks or distinguishing similar figures.
A new, affordable sensor technology can detect lead concentrations as low as one part per billion, making it a significant step forward in addressing global health issues. The handheld device can be used for on-site monitoring and requires only a droplet of water.
Researchers have identified heavily used shipping lanes that pass through crucial whale shark feeding grounds, posing a threat to this endangered species. Targeted measures, such as reducing ship speed, could help minimize the impact on the shipping industry while protecting whale sharks.
Researchers have developed chainmail catalysts with enhanced oxygen electrocatalysis using FeNi alloys and carbon encapsulation. The FeNi@NC catalyst demonstrates exceptional performance in alkaline media, operating reliably at high power density with extended lifespan.
Researchers have developed new methods to authenticate the geographical origin of hazelnuts, including a multi-isotopic approach that uses multiple markers to identify the most promising ones. This simple methodology could be easily transferable to control laboratories and support control bodies in facilitating more efficient controls.
Research at Ruhr-University Bochum found that preschool children tend to prepare for upcoming events by considering how bad it will feel to lose, rather than how good it will feel to win. This pessimistic outlook motivates them to behave proactively in the present.
This study examines the journey toward hazard-resilience in five exemplary cities, highlighting distinct approaches to addressing disaster risk and building resilience. The research emphasizes the importance of government support, community participation, and cultural awareness in enhancing urban resilience.
A team of researchers used state-of-the-art imaging techniques to study lithium-ion battery cells. They identified macroscopic deformations in the copper current collector due to local accumulations of silicon during electrode manufacturing. The defects compromise cell structure and functioning when agglomerates exceed 50 microns in size.
Researchers have discovered three of the oldest stars in the universe, forming between 12 and 13 billion years ago. The team believes these 'Small Accreted Stellar System' (SASS) stars originated from small primitive galaxies absorbed by the Milky Way.
A new multi-tiered framework models CCS liability after nuclear power plant liability, balancing individual developer risk with industry-shared responsibility. This approach encourages knowledge sharing and communitarian self-regulation, reducing the risk of accidents and promoting timely deployment of critical carbon storage technology.
A study found that gene expression in a tropical starfish fluctuates between the seasons, revealing reproductive and stress-related transcriptional systems. The research suggests that these changes may help the starfish adapt to seasonal environmental conditions.
Researchers at USTC create 2D chiral metal-organic frameworks with large spin splitting, promising for electric field-controlled spintronic devices. The study identifies key elements for achieving giant R-D spin splitting, including chirality and strong ligand field.
Researchers found that flutists must compose unique songs to win love and respect among the tribe. The tradition's revival has led to a new generation of players, including the sons of leaders who helped maintain the tradition.
A new study quantifies the impact of childhood obesity on long-term health and life expectancy. Childhood obesity was found to have a profound effect, with a child living with severe obesity at age 4 having a life expectancy of just 39 years. Weight loss can give back decades of life.
A global study found that heatwaves caused an additional 153,000+ deaths per year, with nearly half in Asia. The study's authors call for localized adaptation planning and risk management to address the growing mortality burden associated with heatwaves.
Researchers found beneficial effects of Sacubitril/Valsartan in reducing inflammation, cardiac fibrosis, and preventing arrhythmias post-MI. The drug has shown promise in mitigating these effects and promoting healthier scar formation.
Researchers create cutting-edge all-optical single-shot probing technique to capture target dynamics from cold solid to overdense plasma. The new method provides unprecedented insight into interplay of fundamental processes such as ionization dynamics and plasma hydrodynamic expansion.
PPPL researchers utilize machine learning to perfect plasma vessel design, optimize heating methods, and maintain stable control of fusion reactions. The team achieves significant results by predicting disruptions and adjusting settings before instabilities occur, enabling high-confinement modes in tokamaks.
Researchers found that extensive, unfertilized grasslands promote biodiversity and soil protection, while pastures and meadows provide cultural services. The study suggests a combination of different grassland types is necessary to sustain all ecosystem services.
High temperatures reduce emotional control and increase aggression in police officers, resulting in more dismissals of hot-day arrests. Judges also make harsher decisions on hotter-than-average days, issuing longer prison sentences and higher fines.
Researchers propose a new method to adaptively enhance facial crucial regions in deep feature learning, utilizing local and non-local information. This approach improves the difficulty of annotating facial landmarks for wild datasets, leading to better performance.
Researchers developed perylene diimide dianion films with strong π-π interactions and highly delocalized electrons, leading to room-temperature conductivity and high Hall mobility. The films' unique structure and electronic properties overcome organic semiconductor limitations.
A new study using AI technology analyzed MRI scans from 471 men and 560 women, revealing differences in brain organization at a cellular level. The findings highlight the need for diversity in neurological research and may offer new insights into how psychiatric and neurological disorders develop differently in men and women.
A USTC research team has created a new, eco-friendly process for producing hydroxylamine (NH2OH) using only air and water. The method, known as the plasma-electrochemical cascade pathway, eliminates the need for harsh chemicals and energy-intensive processes.
The Zipkin Quantitative Ecology lab examines 36 highly cited papers on statistical ecology published in the journal Ecology since its inception in 1920. The team found a persistent evolution of models and concepts in the field, driven by refinements in techniques and exponential increases in computational power.
Researchers at USTC have achieved quantum amplification of extremely weak magnetic fields, with a gain of over 5,000 times and single measurement accuracy reaching 0.1fT level. This breakthrough enables precise measurements of sub-flying Tesla levels in a single measurement.
Researchers trained a large language model on the world's fastest supercomputer, Frontier, exploring approaches to data parallelism and optimizing performance. The study aimed to design models that can learn from training data and apply that knowledge consistently and accurately.
A new study shows that text messaging with financial incentives significantly improves weight loss in men with obesity compared to traditional methods. The intervention combines personalized text messages with cash rewards, resulting in a 5% weight loss threshold, and could be an effective low-cost solution for health services.
A study models China's hydrogen-fuel industry and finds that platinum constraints could limit the country's expansion of hydrogen fuel use, especially if current supply chains are disrupted
A new study from the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa found that chlorine mixed with petroleum in water can produce disinfection byproducts harmful to human health. The researchers discovered elevated levels of THM4 and HAA5, which are classified as regulated disinfection byproducts.
Daily tracking of ice melt has been made possible with a new method developed by researchers at DTU using 61 national GPS stations in Greenland. The study provides significant advancement in monitoring ice mass loss and understanding the processes behind the ice melting.
F. William Studier, a senior biophysicist at Brookhaven National Laboratory, has won the 2024 Merkin Prize in Biomedical Technology for his T7 expression technology, enabling large-scale production of RNA and proteins for biomedical research and pharmaceuticals. His work has saved millions of lives with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines.
Researchers at North Carolina State University have developed a technique that automates quality control during the finishing process of 3D printed metal machine parts. This approach allows users to identify potential flaws without removing parts from equipment, making production time more efficient.
Konstantinos Mamouras, assistant professor of computer science at Rice University, has been awarded a $547,555 NSF CAREER Award to decentralize IoT applications and relieve network congestion. He aims to introduce novel programming techniques that enable efficient and reliable IoT development.
A recent UC Irvine-led study reveals a correlation between sleep apnea events during the rapid-eye-movement (REM) stage and verbal memory impairment in older adults at risk for Alzheimer's. The study found that higher ratios of apnea severity during REM compared to non-REM stages were associated with worse memory performance.
A new food systems perspective study from the University of Washington shows that pork meat is a high-quality protein source, affordable, and associated with lower greenhouse gas emissions. The study highlights the importance of separating pork from other red meats in nutrition and epidemiology research.
Researchers analyzed 1,020 papers to quantify nutrient enrichment driven by canopy rainfall redistribution. The study found a global pattern of nutrient quantity and enrichment, with higher concentrations in stemflow and leaching coefficients in certain regions and ecosystem types.
Researchers have developed a method that enhances efficiency and speed of nonlinear optical signal processing (NOSP) using parity-time symmetry. This approach enables high-speed data processing exceeding 38 gigabits per second, reducing power consumption and increasing network capacity.
Acoustic experts reduce noise levels in a high-end salon, improving conversation ease and protecting employees' hearing. The successful solution can be applied to other salons, restaurants, stores, and conference centers to enhance clear communication and occupational safety.
A study by Macquarie University found 70% of shark meat sold in Australian markets was mislabelled, including threatened species. The research highlights the need for improved labelling standards and enforcement to support sustainable consumption.
Researchers at the University of Córdoba have developed a material for food packaging using avocado pruning residues, reducing reliance on bioplastics and increasing durability. The new compound exhibits strong mechanical properties and potential antimicrobial capacities, addressing industry needs ahead of upcoming European regulations.
A research team at Kyoto University has developed an AI method to automatically detect methane emissions globally, resolving trade-offs with existing detection methods. The system can identify small methane plumes, paving the way for systematic quantification of global warming.
Researchers have introduced a new form of quantum entanglement in the frequency domain, enabling double resolution in two-photon interference. This advancement sets the stage for future applications in quantum information processing and technologies.
Free-space QSDC enables secure communication over long distances without fiber cables, ideal for the
A team of researchers from the University of Maryland has developed a novel way to produce and observe carbenes, a class of highly reactive molecules necessary for life. They successfully formed a carbene called hydroxymethylene (HCOH) by breaking down methanol with pulses of ultraviolet radiation.
A new study reveals no consistent pattern between tree diversity and forest productivity at different elevations; biodiversity can increase or decrease productivity in various regions.
Researchers discovered that SARS-CoV-2 can infect the inside of the eyes even when it doesn't enter through the surface. The virus breaches the blood-retinal barrier, inducing a hyperinflammatory response and causing cell death in the retina, which may lead to long-term eye damage.
A new transit station in Japan significantly reduced average healthcare expenditures per capita over four years, with savings of approximately $929.99. The study used a causal impact algorithm and time series data to analyze the medical expenditure data gathered from a suburban city on the West Japan Railway line.
Cancer cells hijack natural metabolic response to glucose deficiency by targeting protein 4EBP1, which blocks fat production in absence of sugar. Blocking this switch can lead to cell death and potentially serve as novel therapeutic target for aggressive brain tumors.
A recent study by Chapman University researchers reveals that some supplements may mislead customers with unproven health claims and undeclared ingredients. The team analyzed 54 supplements containing Ayurvedic herbs associated with COVID-19 treatment and found concerns in 60% of the products, including undetected expected ingredients.
By recasting diffusion as a sum of individual contributions called 'kinosons,' researchers developed a new method to model alloy behavior. Machine learning is used to compute the statistical distribution of these contributions, allowing for fast and accurate simulation of diffusion. This breakthrough enables significant improvements in...