A new study found that community stress significantly impacts the mental health and emotional well-being of Black Americans, particularly women. Objective neighborhood quality was related to lower levels of negative emotions in women, while perceived community stress had a similar effect on men's emotionality.
The new electrostatic air sampler enhances the rapid monitoring of airborne viruses through high airflow rates and improved collection efficiency. It can detect viral presence in indoor environments within 40 minutes using PCR analysis.
Researchers found that bubbling olive products before oil extraction decreases oil quality. The study measured absolute phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity, and acidity levels in bubbled oil (BO) compared to virgin olive oil (VOO). BO had lower antioxidant properties and higher acidity levels than VOO.
A study by Yuxin Zhou of UC Santa Barbara's Department of Earth Science found that Greenland's ice sheet retreat is not sufficient to completely derail the Atlantic circulation. The AMOC will be determined by a tug-of-war between decreasing ice flux and increasing freshwater runoff, which can disrupt the ocean current.
A recent study predicts that three million people in Korea could face groundwater depletion by 2080 due to climate change and water overuse. The research analyzed surface and deep groundwater level data from 2009 to 2020, revealing critical spatiotemporal patterns in groundwater levels.
Researchers developed an adhesive sensing device that seamlessly attaches to human skin to detect and monitor various health signals, such as glucose levels and heart rate. The device can be reprogrammed and recycled, making it a potential tool for managing diseases like diabetes.
University of Illinois Chicago engineers have designed a new method to make hydrogen gas from water using only solar power and agricultural waste, reducing the energy needed to extract hydrogen from water by 600%. This process creates new opportunities for sustainable, climate-friendly chemical production.
A new study reveals that urbanization in Africa affects food security through dietary shifts, particularly rice consumption, leading to increased methane emissions and biodiversity loss. The research highlights the need for policymakers to adopt holistic approaches to address future sustainability challenges.
A team from Osaka University demonstrates greater control of ion passage through a nanopore membrane by applying a voltage to a gate electrode. This leads to a six-fold increase in osmotic energy efficiency and a power density of 15 W/m^2, enabling the potential for scaling up the technology.
Researchers found that an inpatient treatment approach using high-energy refeeding can improve both physical and psychological health in adults with eating disorders. The study, led by Fiona Salter, investigated 97 voluntary hospital patients and found significant improvements in weight change and psychological wellbeing.
Researchers at the University of Alabama at Birmingham have discovered that the protein SRSF1 can bind and unfold complex RNA Guanine-quadruplexes. This finding could provide new avenues for treating illnesses such as cancer, which is often linked to misfunctioning splicing processes.
Researchers have developed a new material that can twist light at extremely high temperatures, opening up possibilities for advanced optical devices. This breakthrough could enable better aircraft flight performance and create multifunctional devices for various industries.
A study of 370 patients undergoing elective surgery found that those with higher levels of awareness about anesthesia had better understanding of general and local anesthesia. Patients who underwent surgeries related to eyes, nose, and throat scored higher on the knowledge test due to limited sources of information.
A study finds that prostaglandin E2 elicits mast cells to suppress inflammation by creating soluble ST2, blocking proinflammatory cytokine actions. The findings suggest a promise in targeting PGE2 with therapeutics to treat severe asthma.
Patients who received COVID-19 vaccines after acute coronary syndromes had similar rates of primary composite end point and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) compared to unvaccinated patients. Retrospective studies have shown a short-term reduction in MACE risk after COVID-19 vaccination.
A new study reveals that unflagged, factual but misleading vaccine content is 46 times more effective at driving vaccine hesitancy on Facebook. Meanwhile, a second study identifies supersharers on Twitter as responsible for spreading 80% of fake news during the 2020 US presidential election.
A new study by Brigham and Women's Hospital found that patients with dementia who underwent surgery for hip fractures experienced lower odds of death compared to those treated non-surgically. The benefit was seen in patients with head and neck of the femur fractures, but not in other locations.
Researchers at the University of Malaga have developed an instruction manual to understand the operating limits of phantom motion, allowing for cost-effective and lighter haptic devices. The study found that individuals can perceive phantom sensation when a vibrating point travels at least 20% of the separation between actuators.
A new study found that 62% of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) designated to protect rare migratory fish species are outside of their core habitats. The study suggests that existing MPAs are not adequately protecting these species due to a lack of data on their distribution and habitat.
A research team at USTC successfully overcame environmental noise to achieve high-fidelity quantum teleportation, utilizing multipartite hybrid entanglement. They achieved a measured fidelity approaching 90% and demonstrated a new way to overcome environmental noise.
Researchers have developed a medicated foam that can deliver expensive gene therapies to cells, showing promise for treating cancers and autoimmune diseases. The foam outperformed liquid formulations in laboratory studies and showed no significant side effects when injected into mice.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that cross-partisan discussions were more common on mainstream news outlets than political vlogs, regardless of political leaning. Neutral news outlets like C-SPAN hosted a balanced number of conservative and liberal comments.
Scientists have engineered materials that are both stiff and excellent thermal insulators, opening up new possibilities for applications such as electronic device coatings. The discovery allows for controlling the material's properties through composition adjustments.
Residents of all races are more likely to sustain injuries if they live in economically under-resourced areas, but rates decrease with greater racial diversity. Injuries also increase in disadvantaged communities across all three regions of Illinois.
Researchers have pinpointed the cellular machinery behind zebrafish's ability to rapidly change the color of their characteristic stripes from blue to yellow when distressed. By precisely altering the orientation of light-reflecting crystals, the fish can change the color of their stripes across the entire length of their body in seconds.
A new algorithm called adaptive intersection maximization (AIM) removes high-frequency noise from super-resolution optical microscope data in real time, achieving sub-nanometer precision. This allows scientists to study chemical and biological systems far more easily and precisely than before.
Research led by Weill Cornell Medicine found that most colorectal cancers begin with the loss of intestinal stem cells, even before cancer-causing genetic alterations appear. This new understanding suggests a unified model for colorectal cancer initiation where damage to intestinal crypts causes a decrease in aPKC protein expression.
Researchers at King's College London have developed a novel drug delivery system using biologically compatible peptides found in chicken feathers and skin tissue. This innovative approach enables targeted delivery of chemotherapy drugs and repair of faulty enzymes, potentially reducing side effects and improving treatment outcomes.
A recent study published in the Journal of Applied Gerontology found that a 9-week online stress management intervention program for family caregivers reduced caregiver burden scores by 15%. The program provided education and strategies to manage stress, including self-care techniques like breathing and meditation.
Researchers from Mass General Brigham found that reports of cognitive decline were associated with the accumulation of tau, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. The study used imaging to detect levels of tau and amyloid beta in participants who were cognitively unimpaired but at risk for Alzheimer's.
Recreational marijuana legalization in US states is associated with a 9% increase in college freshmen enrollments, primarily driven by out-of-state students. The study found no negative impact on degree completion or graduation rates.
Researchers at Linköping University assess Stockholm's climate strategy, finding a reliance on carbon capture technology without sufficient discussion of its risks. They recommend setting separate targets for emissions reduction and capturing CO2 to ensure clearer decision-making.
A team of material scientists has proposed a solution to the 'polarizability-scalability-insulation robustness' trilemma by using an ultrathin film of ferroelectric oxide in its superparaelectric state, achieving stable k value down to 0.46 nm and excellent dimensional scalability.
Dariusz Stramski has made significant impacts on ocean optics with his research spanning radiative transfer and innovative technologies. His work has explored interactions of light with marine particles and has developed novel reductionist concepts to advance inverse optical models.
A new study highlights the human impacts of endangered species mating with domestic relatives, causing economic loss and death. Conservation efforts are also overlooked for marginalized pastoralist populations, who often lack effective defense against aggressive wild males.
New research reveals how social media has supported an explosion of diversity in gender and sexuality in America, enabling self-expression and authenticity. Online platforms like Tumblr, TikTok, and Twitter have created new cultural narratives around gender identity, bisexuality, asexuality, and intersectionality.
Researchers investigate gene preservation after loss of male traits in stick insects and find that genes involved in multiple biological processes are more likely to be maintained. This suggests that the molecular ground plan for the lost male reproductive process may persist due to pleiotropic effects on other traits.
A new study reveals that nearly 30 million acres of abandoned US cropland could be used to grow crops and trap carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The researchers mapped the lands at field-level resolution, providing valuable insights into their potential for sustainable energy production.
Researchers at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and international colleagues found that augmenting MIF protein levels delays motor function decline, modulates critical pathways, and extends lifespan in a SOD1 mouse model of ALS. Diminished MIF levels are also observed in familial and sporadic ALS cases.
A new study of 11,000 overdose deaths in Pennsylvania found that Black people who died from an overdose were half as likely to have received naloxone as white people. This racial disparity in naloxone administration highlights the need for targeted strategies to distribute life-saving medication and educate communities about its use.
A new study shows that a fully digital, AI-based lifestyle coaching program can effectively reduce blood pressure in adults with hypertension. The program, which leverages data from wearable activity trackers and BP monitors, also increases participant engagement and reduces the need for manual clinician outreach.
A 15-year analysis of national data on suicides and homicides shows that nocturnal wakefulness significantly increases the risk for both. Disrupted sleep impairs rational thought and drives impulsive behaviors in vulnerable individuals.
A study in Seattle found a small but significant reduction in body mass index (BMI) among children living in areas with a sweetened beverage tax compared to nontaxed areas. The results support the effectiveness of such taxes as a policy for improving children's BMI, building on existing US studies.
Holly Szumila-Vance has won the prestigious 2024 Guido Altarelli Award – Experimental Physics for her outstanding contributions to investigations of color transparency and other nuclear manifestations of QCD. Her work revealed new details of how protons interact with the strong force inside matter, but did not observe color transparent...
A consensus has been reached by an international team of rehabilitation researchers and clinicians on the standardized labeling of spatial neglect, a common disorder following neurological injury. The panel adopted 'spatial neglect' as the standard term for the disorder, aiming to improve diagnosis, treatment, and research.
A new review emphasizes the importance of vaccination in preventing avian influenza spread among humans. The study suggests that a diverse range of vaccine platforms, including inactivated and live attenuated vaccines, as well as emerging alternatives like mRNA vaccines, will be crucial for enhancing pandemic preparedness.
Large Language Models (LLMs) can be effectively utilized with well-crafted prompts, which enhance response accuracy and relevance. Researchers from USTC proposed strategies for prompt engineering, including explicit instructions and relevant context.
A study from Binghamton University reveals that men with 'toxic masculinity' tend to act on passive responses, regardless of consent. Men who display hostile masculinity view situations as more consensual and are more likely to escalate intimacy.
Researchers have developed a new electrochromic film based on metal-organic frameworks that can quickly switch between transparent and colored states to block or allow sunlight. The film demonstrated reliable performance for over 40 hours and 4,500 cycles of switching.
Scientists from Tokyo Medical and Dental University successfully generate autologous skin grafts by introducing mutations into mouse embryos, which then form sheets of epidermis containing hair follicles. These grafted skin patches survive up to 3 months and mimic mature epidermis structure.
A novel bifunctional catalyst, Fe-PEI-CN, was synthesized to degrade p-chlorophenol through photocatalysis and Fenton reaction. The catalyst exhibited high photocatalytic activity due to enhanced light absorption and reduced electron-hole recombination.
A new study published in Risk Analysis found that longer freight trains are more likely to derail compared to shorter trains. The research, which analyzed US freight train accidents between 2013-2022, showed a 24% higher risk for 200-car trains.
Researchers developed AI tools to boost digital literacy, enabling users to better control their online interactions. Two browser plug-ins, Privacy Sandbox and Dark Pita, were created to identify and address dark patterns on popular platforms.
A new study published in Neurology found that taking newer epilepsy medications during pregnancy does not affect a child's creativity. However, the study suggests that adjusting doses to reach an optimal balance between controlling seizures and minimizing negative effects on the developing child may be necessary.
Researchers develop LoCoHD algorithm to compare protein structures based on chemical information of atoms, enabling analysis of molecular machines and identifying critical amino acids. The method shows promise in predicting protein functions, including studying the internal motion of proteins like podocin.
Researchers propose a novel approach to correct the leading model of primordial black hole (PBH) formation, aligning with cosmic microwave background observations. This could imply fewer PBHs than expected, potentially affecting the dark matter theory and gravitational wave events.
Researchers at Trinity College Dublin discovered that over 10,000 species have been described in just 83 big genera since 2000, with roughly one in four flowering plant species belonging to these groups. Understanding the success of these large genera may help predict their response to climate change and inform conservation efforts.
Researchers successfully synthesized bifunctional CoFeP-N nanowires for high-efficiency electrocatalytic water splitting, achieving synergistic interactions with the catalyst. The study demonstrates a low-cost and stable method for producing hydrogen gas with zero carbon emissions.
A new model predicts a decrease in species diversity by 39% due to climate change, compared to traditional models' forecast of 54% loss. The study reveals that some species may better tolerate climate change than expected, with 49% of species living in climate niches that could expand under warming conditions.
A new type of immunotherapy has been developed to treat bone cancer osteosarcoma, with promising preclinical results in mice. The treatment uses gamma-delta T cells, which are less well-known immune cells that can be engineered to target tumours.