A new study suggests that a slowing Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) could reduce projected Arctic warming by 2 degrees Celsius. However, this slowdown may also cause other climate disruptions, such as changes in the Intertropical Convergence Zone and sea level rise.
Researchers used ex vivo lentiviral gene therapy to treat MPS IVA in mice, achieving partial correction of bone pathology and complete correction of heart pathology. The study suggests potential for novel therapies to treat patients with MPS IVA.
A novel approach combines 17 biomarkers to identify three distinct health dimensions: systemic inflammation and filtration, tubular function, and tubular damage. Higher tubular damage scores were associated with higher risk of CKD progression, while lower tubular function scores predicted mortality risk.
Research highlights social media's impact on youth mental health, including associations between excessive social media use and suicidal thoughts. The study emphasizes the need for targeted interventions and policy changes to address this growing concern among young people.
Dr. Joongkyu Park has been awarded two new NIH grants totaling $2.3 million to investigate local protein synthesis in tau pathology neurodegeneration and redirected CaMKII for restoring deficits in Alzheimer's disease models. The research aims to understand how these mechanisms contribute to the pathologic features of Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers from NUS and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health found that breastfeeding significantly reduces cardiovascular disease risk among women with type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes. A healthy Mediterranean diet with low persistent organic pollutant exposure also lowers the risk of GDM.
Researchers at UCLA have identified the protein GPNMB as a critical regulator in the heart's healing process after a heart attack. GPNMB promotes heart repair by binding to receptor GPR39, triggering a cascade of signals that limit scarring and improve cardiac function.
Researchers developed a more sustainable 3D-printed concrete material combining graphene with limestone and calcined clay cement. The new material offers enhanced strength and durability while significantly reducing carbon emissions, making it a powerful solution for addressing environmental challenges in 3D printed construction.
Aston University researcher has developed a new technique harnessing Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) light to improve imaging and data transmission through skin and biological tissues. The OAM-based approach shows unmatched sensitivity and accuracy, paving the way for non-invasive medical diagnostics and imaging.
A University of Michigan study found that decarbonization strategies perpetuate inequalities in human rights in the Democratic Republic of Congo, repeating and recreating colonial injustices. The research argues that child labor, social displacement, and structural marginalization are new forms of old colonial practices.
A recent analysis of clinical trial data reveals that SGLT2 inhibitor canagliflozin reduces major adverse cardiovascular events, hospitalization for heart failure or cardiovascular death, and chronic kidney disease progression in older adults. The effects on safety outcomes are not modified by age.
Researchers from Penn Vet discovered that a species of parasitic worms can evade the mammalian urge to scratch an itch by blocking the sensation, allowing it to enter the body undetected. The study found that activating specific neurons can block the entry of these parasites, preventing their dissemination through the body.
A new grant will investigate the role of social media in teen e-cigarette and cigarette use. Researchers will analyze social influences, particularly through online networks, to understand how teens are influenced to smoke and use e-cigarettes. The study aims to develop effective interventions to reduce nicotine product use among teens.
The CORBES mission aims to conduct an ultra-fast survey of the Earth's radiation belt using a constellation of multi-Small/CubeSats. The mission will differentiate between temporal and spatial variations in the radiation belts, advancing our understanding of Earth's radiation belt dynamics.
The study found that P. aeruginosa adapts to the lung's mucus by relying on sugars and lactate, but also needs to synthesize essential nutrients through metabolic independence. Biofilm formation imposes a metabolic burden, slowing down the bacteria's ability to spread, while disrupting biofilms makes them more vulnerable to antibiotics.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence and mortality rates have increased significantly among women worldwide, with a 2.10% annual percentage change in prevalence and a 3.39% increase in mortality. The study highlights the need for policy interventions and public awareness campaigns to curb the rise of CKD.
A recent study found that the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) as anti-obesity medications more than doubled from 2022 to 2023, while rates of metabolic bariatric surgery dropped by one quarter. This shift in treatment options has implications for access to comprehensive multidisciplinary care for obesity.
Felzartamab induces rapid and durable depletion of galactose-deficient IgA1 and total IgA antibodies in patients with IgA nephropathy. The treatment maintains Gd-IgA1 reduction for up to 9 months off-treatment, offering a potential breakthrough in managing this autoimmune kidney disease.
Scientists have confirmed that temperature differences at the ocean surface aid in carbon absorption, with the ocean absorbing about 7% more CO₂ each year than previously thought. This discovery highlights the importance of understanding these subtle mechanisms for refining climate models and predictions.
A $3.7 million NIH grant supports a study to improve PE diagnosis and treatment by using advanced imaging techniques, which may measure the effectiveness of clot-dissolving therapies. The goal is to help clinicians better diagnose and treat patients with PE, a devastating cardiovascular ailment.
A new study uses AI models to create an early warning system for disease outbreaks resulting from climate change-related extreme weather. The system can predict area-level disease burden weeks to months ahead of time, providing public health practitioners crucial time to prepare.
Researchers at Winship Cancer Institute have identified a novel type of immune cell that plays a pivotal role in anti-tumor immunity. The stem-like CD4 T cells can be activated to fight tumors more effectively, offering new hope for broader treatment success.
A comprehensive study examining over 16,000 necropsy records from 292 vertebrate species found significant differences in cancer prevalence. Cancer rates increase with body size and cellular mutation rates but decrease with longer gestation periods.
A new AI tool called PIONEER has been developed to predict protein-protein interaction mutations in hundreds of diseases, including dozens of cancers. The tool allows researchers to navigate the interactome for over 10,500 diseases and identify potential drug targets.
A new study found that patients with asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, or food allergies have a higher risk of developing EoE. Food allergy had the highest risk, with a hazard ratio of 6.31 compared to those without any of these conditions.
A cross-sectional study found increasing concentrations of fentanyl, cocaine, and methamphetamine in urine specimens from 2013 to 2023, highlighting a shift in illicit substance use patterns. Heroin concentration decreased during this period, emphasizing the need for updated surveillance initiatives and treatment strategies.
A team at MIT discovered pyrene, a large carbon-containing molecule, in a distant interstellar cloud. The finding supports the PAH hypothesis and suggests that pyrene may have contributed to the formation of our solar system's chemical inventory.
Danielle Mor, a neuroscientist at the Medical College of Georgia, has been awarded $2.3 million to study the progression of Parkinson's disease through the use of C. elegans and innovative research approaches. Her goal is to understand how misfolded proteins spread from the gastrointestinal tract to the central nervous system.
Researchers discovered that Titan's icy surface is warmed by an insulating layer of methane clathrate ice, which relaxes the impact craters' shape. This finding helps explain Titan's unique hydrological cycle and climate.
Scientists at Paderborn University used high-performance computing to analyse a quantum photonics experiment, performing calculations in just minutes. The findings have significant implications for characterising photonic quantum computer hardware and will shape the future of quantum research.
Researchers at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center demonstrated that combining anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy with mutation-directed targeted therapy extended overall survival in patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. The median OS across all cohorts was 19 months, compared to five months for historical data.
A new study by the University of Otago found that New Zealand's native stoneflies have evolved to change color in response to deforestation, a clear example of animal evolution caused by human actions. This adaptation allows the species to overcome the loss of its original warning colors, which were lost due to forest removal.
Researchers found that readers rated AI-generated news articles as less comprehensible than manually-written texts, citing poor word choice and handling of numbers. Despite sub-editing by journalists, automated articles were perceived as harder to understand.
A pioneering study shows that DNA analysis picks up many more preventable and treatable serious health conditions than standard newborn screening, improving children's medical care. Genome sequencing detects gene variants linked to hundreds of specific diseases, far exceeding the 60 disorders detected by current methods.
Researchers discovered a beneficial gut bacterium that produces an enzyme capable of metabolizing key molecules involved in regulating appetite, immune responses, and neuronal function. The discovery highlights the importance of gut microbes in human physiology and may lead to new strategies for maintaining health and treating diseases.
A new study discovered how TRIM25, a cellular superhero, finds and binds to viral RNA to activate an immune response. The researchers found that this binding is critical for TRIM25's antiviral activity and its ability to target regions of viral RNA.
A recent study published in the Journal of the Endocrine Society found that high-intensity exercise significantly suppressed ghrelin levels and reduced feelings of hunger in healthy adults. Women demonstrated greater sensitivity to this response compared to men, suggesting sex-specific differences in appetite regulation.
Three interconnected projects will address complex food system challenges through education, research, and practical application. The projects aim to foster a learning environment that bridges the gap between theoretical knowledge and hands-on experience, preparing students for careers in agriculture.
A new study from Sylvester Cancer suggests that changes in reproductive health, including earlier menarche and lower birth rates, may contribute to the higher breast cancer risk among Caribbean women. The findings highlight the importance of public health interventions targeting modifiable risk factors such as diet and exercise.
The study uses cryo-electron microscopy to observe the ETB receptor-G protein complex, revealing a strong binding interaction between G protein and ETB receptor. This finding may deepen understanding of endothelin signaling mechanisms and inform the development of new drugs.
Researchers have successfully integrated genome sequencing into newborn screening to identify hundreds of rare genetic disorders. This approach allows for earlier diagnosis and treatment, promoting health equity and reducing time to diagnosis.
Research found that segregated placements serve as social hubs for individuals with similar challenges, facilitating connection and cooperation. Additionally, these environments enable impairment-specific educational activities to address unique needs, boosting confidence among those with deteriorating vision.
A study across 292 species found that neoplasia (uncontrolled growth) rates decrease with longer gestation times, while malignancy rates increase with higher adult masses. This contradicts Peto's paradox and suggests complex interactions between life history traits.
Exposure to widely used agrochemicals at sublethal concentrations disrupts insect behavior, physiology, and long-term ecological harm. This finding highlights the need for comprehensive pesticide assessments beyond lethality.
Research suggests young people are more sensitive to social media feedback than adults, impacting their mood and engagement. The study proposes changing platform incentives and developing emotion regulation skills to address negative effects.
Researchers at SMU have found a way to prevent polysulfide dissolution in lithium-sulfur batteries, leading to more durable and long-lasting batteries with higher energy levels. The new hybrid polymer network cathode outperforms conventional lithium-ion batteries in terms of cycling capacity.
The Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) has published data on over 2,700 genes curated for clinical relevance to genetic diseases. The consortium has identified 2,420 gene-disease relationships, classified 5,161 unique pathogenic variants and validated 1,557 genes for dosage sensitivity assessments.
A new study by UC Davis engineers and economists finds that producing materials like steel, plastics, and cement inflicts $79 billion a year on the global climate. The team calculated climate costs using the Environmental Protection Agency's Social Cost of Carbon standard.
A new discovery by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory's Lloyd Trotman suggests that menadione, a precursor to vitamin K, can slow prostate cancer progression in mice. The supplement depletes a lipid called PI(3)P, killing cancer cells and slowing disease progression significantly.
Researchers developed an AI model that uses imaging data to detect less frequent gastrointestinal tract diseases. The model's anomaly detection approach allows it to reliably identify rare diseases without extensive training data.
The National Endowment for the Humanities has awarded a Preservation Assistance Grant to Texas A&M University's Anthropology Research Collections. The grant will help protect and improve access to the university's anthropological and archaeological materials, while also providing new learning opportunities for graduate students.
Researchers developed an AI model that addresses uncertainties in renewable energy generation and electric vehicle demand, making power grids more reliable. The model uses multi-fidelity graph neural networks to optimize solutions within seconds, improving grid performance even under unpredictable conditions.
Researchers have created a comprehensive atlas of zebrafish development, combining time-lapse videos and gene expression data to map the behavior of individual cells. This breakthrough tool offers new insights into how lifeforms develop from single cells to complex organisms.
A new study found that consuming pistachios daily can significantly improve eye health by increasing macular pigment optical density due to the plant pigment lutein. Lutein may also benefit brain function by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, supporting overall healthy aging.
The study investigates the effect of K promoters on Pt subnanocluster size and electron structure, enhancing aromatic yield. K promoters also facilitate methane involvement in the reaction process, boosting catalytic performance.
A new study by UT Health San Antonio reveals that BRCA1 plays a crucial role in promoting error-free DNA repair through the activation of end resection enzymes. This understanding sheds light on the tumor suppressor function of BRCA1 and has important implications for breast and other cancers.
Dr. Kevin J. Kelly, an assistant professor at Texas A&M University, has received the Henry Primakoff Award for Early-Career Particle Physics for his significant contributions to neutrino physics and proposing novel directions for dark matter research. He will deliver an invited lecture on his research at a future APS meeting.
A recent study in Chicago reveals a significant increase in sensitization to pollens and molds among patients with nasal allergies. The researchers found that tree pollen, weed pollen, grass pollen, and mold sensitizations all increased post-COVID compared to pre-COVID.
Astronomers have studied the last unexplained historical supernova from 1181 AD, known as SN 1181, in detail. The team discovered a 'zombie star' at its center and dandelion-shaped filaments emanating from it.
A meta-imaging camera has been developed for aberration-robust monocular passive depth sensing, outperforming traditional light-field cameras in depth estimation precision and robustness. The camera's capability to overcome spatial resolution and angular resolution trade-offs enables accurate depth sensing even in the presence of optic...