About The Study: This study assessed functional outcomes at hospital discharge among children and adolescents who sustained penetrating traumatic brain injury (TBI) during armed conflict in the Gaza Strip and found there was substantial morbidity and mortality. Penetrating TBI, characterized by a breach of the dura mater caused by a projectile or fragment, represents one of the most fatal war-related injuries. Survivors frequently endure neurological impairments alongside long-term psychosocial challenges.
Corresponding Author: To contact the corresponding author, Mohammed Asfa, MD, email asfa1991@gmail.com .
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(doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.13094)
Editor’s Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, conflict of interest and financial disclosures, and funding and support.
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