Fukuoka, Japan—When researchers want to uncover what atoms make up a material, they turn to a number of tried-and-true spectroscopy methods. Spectroscopy works by shining a specific type of light onto a substance and then analyzing how that light is either absorbed, emitted, or scattered. Every atom has a different way of interacting with light, and scientists study this light-matter interaction to identify the atoms in the material.
In many cases, isotopes in a material can be used to determine its origin or age. Raman spectroscopy has been a promising method to detect isotopes because it identifies atoms based on their mass. Additionally, the method allows for the analysis of small and rare materials, like meteorites, without destroying the sample. However, the lack of a theoretical framework for describing isotope effects in Raman spectra has hindered the broader application of this technique.
Publishing in The Journal of Physical Chemistry C , Associate Professor Masashi Arakawa from Kyushu University’s Faculty of Science investigated how oxygen isotopes in silicate minerals can affect the results of Raman spectroscopy and developed a theoretical framework to enable better interpretation of the results.
“In Raman spectroscopy, atoms show up as specific frequencies based on their atomic weight. Previous studies have shown that isotopes cause the frequencies to shift, but those results primarily focused on artificial materials or ones with specific compositions,” explains Arakawa. “Samples in nature have low isotope concentrations which are distributed across the material randomly.”
Arakawa aimed to bridge this gap by investigating how oxygen isotopes in a material called forsterite (Mg 2 SiO 4 ) cause frequency shifts.
He found that, first, heavier isotopes shift vibrational frequencies to lower wavenumbers due to increased in mass. Second, the presence of oxygen isotopes lowers the symmetry of the material, activating vibrational modes that were previously invisible to Raman spectroscopy. Third, the location of oxygen isotopes within the material strongly influences the vibrational modes, leading to peak splitting. Finally, because the isotopes are randomly distributed, the spectroscopy will produce broader peaks.
“By identifying these key mechanisms, we now have a framework for better interpretation of Raman spectra data,” concludes Arakawa. “Thanks to these results, we can get better at analyzing different materials from nature, especially where conventional isotope analysis is a challenge. I hope these new findings provide a better understanding of vibrational spectroscopy in complex solids and will help elucidate the origins and composition of exotic materials like meteorites and extraplanetary materials.”
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For more information about this research, see "Computational Analysis of Oxygen Isotope Effects on the Raman Spectra of Forsterite (Mg2SiO4)," Masashi Arakawa, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5c08487
About Kyushu University
Founded in 1911, Kyushu University is one of Japan's leading research-oriented institutions of higher education, consistently ranking as one of the top ten Japanese universities in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings and the QS World Rankings. Located in Fukuoka, on the island of Kyushu—the most southwestern of Japan’s four main islands—Kyushu U sits in a coastal metropolis frequently ranked among the world’s most livable cities and historically known as Japan’s gateway to Asia. Its multiple campuses are home to around 19,000 students and 8,000 faculty and staff. Through its VISION 2030 , Kyushu U will “drive social change with integrative knowledge.” By fusing the spectrum of knowledge, from the humanities and arts to engineering and medical sciences, Kyushu U will strengthen its research in the key areas of decarbonization, medicine and health, and environment and food, to tackle society’s most pressing issues.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
Computational simulation/modeling
Not applicable
Computational Analysis of Oxygen Isotope Effects on the Raman Spectra of Forsterite (Mg2SiO4)
21-Apr-2026