Date : May 29, 2026
Carbondale , USA : Invasive species and extreme weather pose dual threats to island endemic wildlife, yet their combined impacts remain poorly understood. A long-term study published in Biological Diversity (2026) tracks population dynamics of two endangered rodent subspecies—the Key Largo woodrat ( Neotoma floridana smalli ) and Key Largo cotton mouse ( Peromyscus gossypinus allapaticola )—from 2017 to 2024, following Hurricane Irma’s landfall and the establishment of invasive Burmese pythons ( Python bivittatus ) in the Florida Keys.
Researchers conducted systematic live-trapping across 10 grids in North Key Largo, deploying 49 Sherman traps per grid over four seasonal sessions (2017 spring, 2017 December, 2022 fall, 2024 spring). Using spatially explicit capture-recapture (SECR) models, they estimated population density, detection probability, and movement metrics for both species.
Woodrat populations collapsed dramatically: density dropped from 3.59 individuals/ha (2017) to 0.61 individuals/ha (2024), with spatial distribution contracting from 10 to 4 grids. This decline coincided with post-Irma habitat degradation and rising python detections, as woodrats—large, slow-reproducing prey—became prime python targets.
In stark contrast, cotton mouse density surged from 1.57 individuals/ha (2017) to 5.35 individuals/ha (2022), before declining to 2.70 individuals/ha (2024). Their broader habitat tolerance and higher fecundity likely buffered python predation and hurricane impacts.
The study confirms hurricanes as potential python dispersal catalysts and highlights invasive predators’ disproportionate impact on endemic ecosystem engineers like woodrats. It underscores the urgent need for targeted python removal, habitat restoration, and continued monitoring to prevent woodrat extinction—while balancing cotton mouse population management.
Original Source
Sayers, Shauna M., Brent S. Pease, Brandon W. McDonald, Isabella R. Collamati, Jeremy D. Dixon, and Michael V. Cove. 2026. “Density Estimates of Endangered Endemic Rodents Suggest Broader Impacts of Invasive Burmese Pythons Following a Category 4 Hurricane in the Florida Keys,” Biological Diversity : 1–11.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bod2.70027
Keywords
Burmese python, cotton mouse, endangered species, invasive impacts, natural disturbance, woodrat
About the Author
Shauna Sayers (First author and corresponding author), School of Forestry and Horticulture, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA. She is a wildlife biologist specializing in the conservation of endangered and threatened species in the Florida Keys, USA. Her research centers on how invasive predators, hurricane disturbances, and habitat alteration jointly shape the persistence of native wildlife.
About the Journal
Biological Diversity (ISSN: 2994-4139) is a peer-reviewed, international, open-access journal sponsored by the South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and published in partnership with Wiley. Launched in 2024 and issued quarterly, it is dedicated to advancing biodiversity conservation, safeguarding ecosystem functions and services, and promoting the sustainable utilization of biological resources under global environmental change. The journal welcomes original research, reviews, commentaries, and short communications across a broad spectrum of disciplines, including botany, zoology, microbiology, taxonomy, phylogenetics, genomics, cytology, ecology, climatology, economics, sociology, and real-time policy theory. It publishes innovative research addressing pressing global challenges of biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation.
Biological Diversity
Data/statistical analysis
Not applicable
Density Estimates of Endangered Endemic Rodents Suggest Broader Impacts of Invasive Burmese Pythons Following a Category 4 Hurricane in the Florida Keys
14-May-2026
Ethics Statement: All trapping and handling were conducted according to Southern Illinois University Carbondale Institutional Animal Care and Use Guidelines' Animal Care and Use Protocol #23‐022, Native Endangered Species Recovery Permit #ES72782D, and Florida State Park Research Permit #05012425. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.