DALLAS, July 18, 2018 -- Even in areas with moderate-to-high levels of traffic pollution, regular physical activity reduced the risk of first and recurrent heart attack, according to new research in Journal of the American Heart Association , the Open Access Journal of the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association.
"While exercise is known to reduce cardiovascular disease risk; pollution can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, including heart attacks, asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease," said Nadine Kubesch, Ph.D., lead author and researcher at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark. "Currently there is little data on whether poor air quality cancels out the protective benefits of physical activity in preventing heart attacks."
Researchers in Denmark, Germany and Spain evaluated outdoor physical activity levels (sports, cycling, walking and gardening) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 pollutant generated by traffic) exposure in 51,868 adults, age 50-65, comparing self-reported activities and lifestyle factors against heart attack. Over a 17.7-year period, there were 2,936 first heart attacks and 324 recurrent heart attacks.
To estimate average NO 2 exposure, researchers used national traffic pollution monitoring data for each participants' address and found:
In particiants who developed a heart attack (first or recurrent), the average NO 2 exposure level was 18.9 microgramm per cubic meter air (μg/m3) with an overall average of 18.7 μg/m3, which is below the current NO 2 European Union exposure guideline (50 μg/m3 over 24 hours).
"Our study shows that physical activity even during exposure to air pollution, in cities with levels similar to those in Copenhagen, can reduce the risk of heart attack," Kubesch said. "Our research supports existing evidence that even moderate levels of regular physical activity, such as active commuting, are suffienciently intense to get these health benefits.
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Co-authors are Jeanette Therming Jørgensen, M.Sc.; Barbara Hoffmann, M.D.,M.P.H.; Steffen Loft, Ph.D.; Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen, Ph.D.; Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Ph.D.; Marie Pedersen, Ph.D.; Ole Hertel, Ph.D.; Kim Overvad, Ph.D.; Anne Tjønneland, M.D., Ph.D.; Eva Prescott, M.D., D.M.Sc.; and Zorana J. Andersen, Ph.D.;. The authors report no disclosures.
The Novo Nordisk Foundation, Denmark, funded the study.
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