Analysis of nuclear bomb testing reveals plants store more carbon, with a shorter storage duration than previously estimated. Current Earth system models underestimate carbon uptake into terrestrial vegetation and soils.
Biogenic sources of VOCs dominate summertime air pollutant formation in Los Angeles, increasing with temperature. Temperature-dependent emissions drive ozone and secondary organic aerosol pollution, with roughly 60% formed through biogenic VOC emissions.
A new study assesses LLMs' impact on labor markets, finding 80% of workers are in jobs with at least 10% task exposure. Higher-wage occupations like science and research are most affected, while lower-wage jobs remain relatively safe.
A growing body of research supports the use of dogs as sentinels for human health, sharing similar environmental risks and socioeconomic factors. However, a system for capturing canine data is lacking, with only basic demographics currently used in veterinary studies.
Researchers have developed a novel platform that captures protein expression, cellular morphology, neural projection, and synapse distribution in large-scale human brain tissues. The system preserves cellular architecture while enabling detailed imaging and analysis of whole human brain hemispheres.
A study found that plant-derived artemisinins suppress ovarian androgen production in multiple rodent models and human patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The compounds, such as artemether, induce CYP11A1 degradation by targeting the protease LONP1, leading to reduced PCOS biomarkers and improved menstrual cycles.
The James Webb Space Telescope has found a carbon-rich chemistry with 13 carbon-bearing molecules in the protoplanetary disk surrounding ISO-ChaI 147, a young 0.11-solar-mass star. This high carbon/oxygen ratio suggests radial transport of material within the disk, potentially affecting planet composition.
A new study reveals that the single-celled predator Lacrymaria olor's extreme shape-shifting ability is enabled by an origami-like cellular geometry. This unique structure allows for rapid hyperextensibility of its neck-like protrusion, making it a potential inspiration for innovative soft-matter engineering.
The widespread adoption of high-assay low-enriched uranium (HALEU) threatens the international system of controls preventing nuclear weapons proliferation for over 30 years. HALEU's high enrichment levels pose significant security risks, making it possible for a single reactor to contain enough material for a nuclear weapon.
A new study reveals that mammalian adipose tissue thermogenesis evolved in eutherian mammals after their divergence from marsupials. The discovery could inform future therapies related to metabolism and obesity, highlighting the crucial role of thermogenic proteins like UCP1.
Researchers found that cuckoo birds exploiting multiple host species have higher speciation rates due to selection for mimicry, leading to genetic and phenotypic divergence. This study provides insights into coevolutionary diversification and has implications for conservation efforts in the face of climate change.
A new model predicts global patterns of organic decomposition in rivers, revealing rapid decomposition across areas dominated by human activities. The study highlights the importance of understanding these processes to improve carbon models and inform environmental change scenarios.
Researchers have developed a bioelectronics system that uses a living hydrogel interface to monitor and manage skin inflammation in a mouse model of psoriasis. The ABLE platform leverages Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria to modulate skin cell activity and mitigate psoriasis-related genes.
A new study reveals that unflagged, factual but misleading vaccine content is 46 times more effective at driving vaccine hesitancy on Facebook. Meanwhile, a second study identifies supersharers on Twitter as responsible for spreading 80% of fake news during the 2020 US presidential election.
Researchers have identified a potent and reversible STK33 inhibitor, CDD-2807, that induces male infertility in mice without toxicity or adverse effects. The findings demonstrate the potential of STK33 as a druggable target for nonhormonal male contraceptives, offering a promising avenue for family planning.
Researchers found that crows can control the number of vocalizations they produce in response to visual and auditory cues, using a non-symbolic approximate number system. This skill mirrors early counting abilities in human toddlers.
The PsychENCODE Consortium has published a package of research findings on neuropsychiatric diseases, including autism, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. The studies use single-cell sequencing to examine brain function and identify links between genetic regulatory elements and disease progression.
The article highlights the need for proactive governance and adaptive management of AI risks. Yoshua Bengio and colleagues call on technology companies and governments to invest more in assessing and mitigating risks to prevent AI misuse.
Using tools improves energy intake and reduces tooth damage in sea otters by allowing access to harder prey. Female sea otters, with smaller body size and weaker biting strength, particularly benefit from tool use, increasing their foraging success.
A new study estimates animal reproduction costs, finding that indirect costs are often larger than previously thought. This challenge longstanding theories on animal growth and life histories.
A new study found that military physicians provide better treatment to high-ranking patients than lower-ranking ones, with more effort and resources allocated to those above their rank. This highlights the existing power dynamic between doctors and patients in the US Military Health System, favoring the physician's discretion.
Four new research papers demonstrate progress in germline-targeting HIV vaccines, which could offer broad protection. The approach involves priming young B cells to produce broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV, a crucial step towards developing an effective vaccine.
A new study found that sea surface temperature anomalies in the Indian Ocean can predict the magnitude of global dengue epidemics. The research, published in Science, suggests that this climate indicator could enhance forecasting and planning for outbreak responses.
Environmental and hydrologic models predict a larger-than-expected decline in suitable malaria transmission areas in Africa, starting after 2025. The new study incorporates hydrologic metrics that account for river inflow and densely populated areas near large-scale river networks.
A new study presents a safer, low-cost, and low-energy whole-body magnetic resonance imaging device that operates on standard wall power outlets without RF shielding. The device produces clear and detailed imaging comparable to high-power MRI devices, addressing unmet clinical needs in diverse healthcare settings worldwide.
Researchers reconstructed a cubic millimeter fragment of human cerebral cortex at nanoscale resolution, discovering 57,000 cells and nearly 150 million synapses. The study provides unprecedented views into the structural organization of brain tissue, shedding light on rare axonal inputs with up to 50 synapses.
A recent study has found that chromosomal 22q11.2 deletions increase the risk of meningomyelocele, a severe form of spina bifida, by up to 23 times compared to the general population. Folate supplementation may partially alleviate this risk.
A new study reveals that coordinated brain-muscle communication is crucial for maintaining healthy daily physiology and preventing age-related muscle dysfunction. By restoring clock function in both brain and skeletal muscle tissue, researchers found that this brain-muscle interaction plays a key role in supporting daily muscle function.
Researchers developed a new approach to identify influential individuals in social networks, enabling targeted information spreading. This method leverages the 'friendship paradox' and was shown to be more effective than random targeting, with potential far-reaching policy implications for public health interventions.
Recent studies suggest early childhood education programs may not produce long-term positive outcomes for disadvantaged children, contrary to previous assumptions. The American Association for the Advancement of Science review highlights critical gaps in understanding that must be addressed to develop effective ECE programs.
A global meta-analysis of 186 studies reveals that conservation actions have a net positive effect on biodiversity in two-thirds of cases. Conservation efforts targeting species and ecosystems, such as invasive species control and habitat restoration, show the largest impact.
Increased vitamin D bioavailability leads to changes in the microbiome favoring Bacteroides fragilis, enhancing immune-mediated resistance to cancer. Fecal transplantation transfers this anti-cancer immunity to other mice.
The article argues that corporate emission targets are incompatible with global climate goals due to distorted competition. The authors recommend regulating the market and developing useful indicators for measuring compliance.
A study on zebra finch birds found that moderate noise exposure in eggs impairs growth, telomere length, and adult fitness. The research suggests that acoustic environments of breeding birds in cities should be better managed.
A nationwide study found that 45% of China's urban land is subsiding at a rate of 3 mm/year or faster, affecting nearly one-third of the nation's urban population. The study warns that 22-26% of China's coastal land will be below sea level by the next century, posing significant flooding risks.
A new study using atmospheric isotopes suggests Io has been volcanically active for its entire 4.57 billion-year history, driven by tidal heating. The findings indicate that Io has lost most of its sulfur through volcanic outgassing and recycling, supporting a long-lived volcanic history.
Research reveals that drugs of abuse hijack brain reward systems to reprioritize drug use over survival instincts like eating and drinking water. The study provides insights into the intensification of drug-seeking behaviors in substance use disorders.
New study dates the Solar System's giant planet migration to between 60 and 100 million years after formation, based on analysis of chondrite meteorites. The findings may also shed light on the conditions that led to Earth's moon formation.
Researchers discovered a way to stabilize water droplets in oil without using a surfactant. The thin film of oil absorbs onto the surface of water droplets, becoming more viscous, which leads to an attractive interaction and slows down coalescence.
Researchers have discovered a magnetic massive star that was produced by a stellar merger, offering new insights into the formation of these stars. The study, which monitored a binary system for nine years, found that one of the stars had a magnetic field and appeared younger than its companion.
A new study reveals a nitrogen-fixing organelle, nitroplast, in a marine alga, evolving from an endosymbiotic bacterial partnership. The discovery expands the role of eukaryotic cells and provides insights into the evolution of biological nitrogen fixation.
The American Association for the Advancement of Science presents a roadmap for tribal renewable energy development and implementation. The plan aims to address historical injustices by providing technical assistance and workforce development opportunities, while ensuring justice integration throughout agency programs.
Researchers have developed a flexible fiber that uses the human body as part of the circuit to enable chipless textile electronics. The fiber harnesses ambient electromagnetic energy and can be used in industrial-scale manufacturing techniques, including weaving and embroidery machines.
Biomolecular engineers have created bacteria that build and incorporate a key amino acid into their proteins, making them more visible to the immune system. This technology could lead to a live bacterial vaccine with targeted, sustained, and protective immune responses.
A class of AI systems with advanced planning capabilities poses an existential risk, requiring new forms of government intervention. Existing regulatory approaches and empirical safety testing may not be sufficient to mitigate this risk.
Promoting livestock biodiversity and soil conservation strategies provides both social and environmental benefits. Diversified agriculture can mitigate simplified agriculture's negative impacts, including increased chemical use, water pollution, and biodiversity loss.
Researchers have discovered that mechanical damage caused by asthma attacks can lead to inflammation and mucus production. New treatments targeting the root cause of airway constriction may offer a more effective approach to managing asthma.
A new study by Abebe Fromsa and colleagues found that the BCG vaccine reduces disease transmission by 89%, with consistent vaccination likely bringing the disease under control within a few decades. The results suggest that BCG vaccination could be used to substantially eliminate bovine tuberculosis in the Ethiopian dairy sector.
A new survey reveals that US landfills are emitting substantial amounts of methane, a key contributor to global warming. The study found that point-source emissions account for a significant proportion of total emissions, with some landfills experiencing persistent activity for months or even years.
Researchers used bioluminescent oxygen indicator to track pO2 changes in mouse cortical astrocytes, finding transient hypoxic pockets that lasted several seconds to minutes and decreased with exercise. The findings suggest physical inactivity may directly affect tissue pO2 by favoring capillary occlusions.